果树LAI快速检测的随机分布模型构建

目前对精确喷施机具本身研究较多,而对喷施对象—果树叶面积指数（LAI）的快速检测方面达不到与机具对接的要求。其中,LAI快速检测样机构建中,光学模型的构建是关键。针对果树具有单一、独立、冠层不规则、不均匀的特点,进行了计算机随机分布模型的仿真和LAI计算。基于从简单到复杂、一般到个别的原则,用VC语言构建了平面随机分布矩形叶子及其LAI测试界面。根据真实番石榴果树的具体参数如投影区域面积和叶宽度等进行匹配,构建随机分布计算分析模型,并应用在基于真树和人造树的虚拟番石榴树LAI计算中,得到虚拟果树阴影率的变     

Glutathione content of in vivo and in vitro matured canine oocytes collected from different reproductive stages

Glutathione (GSH) concentrations of oocytes are considered as an important marker of the cytoplasmic maturation. The present study was designed to compare GSH concentrations of in vivo and in vitro matured canine oocytes. In vivo matured oocytes were collected 72 hr after ovulation by flushing fallopian tubes after laparotomy. Ovaries were collected from bitches with different reproductive stages, and collected oocytes were divided into 2 groups according to the size viz. < 120 microm and > 120 microm in diameter and cultured for 72 hr in Tissue Culture Medium-199 supplemented with 10% FBS, 2.2 mg/ml sodium bicarbonate, 2.0 microg/ml estrogen, 0.5 microg/ml FSH, 0.03 IU/ml hCG, and 1% penicillin-streptomycin solution in the presence or absence of 50 microM beta-mercaptoethanol. GSH concentrations were determined by the dithionitrobenzoic acid-glutathione disulfide (DTNB-GSSG) reductase recycling assay. GSH concentrations of immature canine oocytes were 2.9 and 3.8, 3.5 and 6.8, and 3.1 and 6.5 pM/oocyte for < 120 microm and > 120 microm in diameter oocyte groups at anestrous, follicular and luteal stage, respectively (P<0.05). In vivo matured oocytes had significantly higher GSH concentrations compared with in vitro matured oocytes. The GSH content was 19.2 pM/oocyte for in vivo matured oocytes, while 4.1 to 8.1 and 5.7 to 13.2 pM/oocyte for in vitro matured oocytes cultured in the absence or presence of beta-mercaptoethanol, respectively (P<0.05). Presence of beta-mercaptoethanol increased GSH synthesis in canine oocytes cultured in vitro, and oocytes collected from follicular and luteal stage was superior to anestrus oocytes.     

两种处理工艺对蚕蛹品质影响的研究

 试验采用正已烷处理法(S2)和水煮处理法(S3)两种工艺对蚕蛹粉(silkworm pupae meal,SM)进行脱脂处理,以未经任何处理的蚕蛹粉(S1)为对照,通过比较三种蚕蛹粉物理性状、常规营养成分、氨基酸组成及必需氨基酸评分和脂肪酸组成,评价两种处理工艺对蚕蛹品质的影响。结果表明,正己烷处理的蚕蛹粉无臭,无色,容重、粗蛋白、粗灰分含量显著提高(P<0.05),粗脂肪含量显著降低(P<0.05),水煮处理法对蚕蛹粉脱脂和脱色效果甚微(P> 0.05),但有除臭效果。正己烷处理后显著提高了蚕蛹粉氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量(P<0.05),且处理后的蚕蛹粉更接近FAO/ WHO 规定的理想蛋白源标准。正己烷处理显著影响蚕蛹粉脂肪酸组成,其中C18∶0、C18∶2n-6水平较其他两组显著提高(P<0.05),C18∶3n-3水平显著降低(P<0.05),C18∶1n-9水平显著低于对照组(S1),但与水煮法组(S3)差异不显著。综上所述,正已烷脱脂不但操作简便,费用低廉,且可以达到除臭、脱色、脱脂、生产优质蚕蛹蛋白粉应用于饲料工业中的目的。     

UAN氮溶液对潮土上玉米生长和氮素吸收的作用效果

为探究UAN氮溶液在潮土上对玉米生长和氮素吸收的作用效果,采用盆栽试验,研究UAN氮溶液对玉米收获期干物质积累、氮磷钾吸收量和土壤氮磷钾养分状况及pH值的影响。结果表明,等氮量的UAN氮溶液和尿素均促进了玉米的生长和对氮磷钾的吸收,两者的氮肥利用率无显著差异,分别为65.35%和64.76%。与全量UAN氮溶液相比,减施UAN氮溶液20%使玉米的生物量减少14.71%,植株中氮、磷、钾的养分吸收量分别降低24.27%、18.65%、10.47%。在低肥力潮土上,等氮量的UAN氮溶液和尿素对玉米的生长和氮素吸收的效果相当;减施UAN氮溶液20%影响玉米的生长和氮素的吸收,而氮肥利用率无明显变化。     

SSR法鉴定水稻两系杂交种纯度的运用与探讨Ⅴ.不同引物检测同一品种纯度的准确性

试验将同一样品用不同引物检测纯度,发现不同引物检出的纯度结果不同。用SSR法检出的纯度结果不同引物之间的误差随着样品田间纯度的增高而呈现出降低的趋势。当品种不同时,室内检测结果有可能高于或低于田间鉴定结果。因此难以找到普遍适用的室内与室外检测的系统误差校正方法。     

湖北省黄冈市近11年水稻产量和品质变化与气象条件对应分析

水稻是喜温、喜光的沼生类植物,适宜的光照与温度能使水稻发挥其生产潜力;相反,过高过低的温度都会制约水稻的正常生长发育。通过近11年的气象资料与水稻品种定点示范生产的产量和米质的对应分析,证实在非正常气温胁迫下水稻生产量与品质出现下降的事实,从而在水稻品种选育与栽培措施方面给出因应气候因素变化而获得水稻较高产量与较好米质的若干建议。     

在油脂化学学位课中引入校企合作教学模式的探讨

油脂化学是陕西师范大学工科研究生食品化学专业的学位课,主要讲授油脂的基本性质、基本理论和基本生产方法以及油脂化学的发展、油脂工业应用等内容。该课程也可作为食品科学与工程等专业研究生的基础课,对油脂、食品、化工、轻工等基础领域的研究有很重要的实用参考价值。校企合作教学作为一种以实践为导向的新教学模式,是对传统教学模式的补充与完善;在油脂化学学位课中引入校企合作教学模式对学生与教师都有益处,是一种值得探讨的教学方法。     

施钾条件下杂交水稻氮磷养分吸收利用特点

对浙江省金华市郊区石门农场灌溉稻区进行连续4年定位钾肥试验,结果表明,钾素促进氮磷养分向水稻穗部的输入,故在增产的基础上,同不施钾处理比较,施钾后杂交稻氮的总吸收量增加7.1～9.3kg/hm2,利用效率提高3.7～7.1%;磷的总吸收量增加1.0～2.0kg/hm2,利用效率提高2.0～7.7%。同常规稻比较,每季杂交稻氮和磷的平均总吸收量分别高出7.6kg/hm2和1.2kg/hm2;氮和磷的利用效率平均高出3.1kg/kg和34.7kg/kg;在养分的吸收、积累以及利用效率方面表现出明显的生理优势[1]。因此,在杂交水稻的生产实践中,应相对增加钾肥的施入量,从而提高氮肥和磷肥的利用效率。     

Effects of dietary fish oil replacements with three vegetable oils on growth,fatty acid composition,antioxidant capacity,serum parameters and expression of lipid metabolism related genes in juvenile Onychostoma macrolepis

Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets with soybean oil (SO), linseed oil (LO), algae oil from Schizochytrium sp. (AO), mixed oil (MO, SO:LO:AO = 1:1:1) and fish oil (FO; control group) were selected to feed juvenile Onychostoma macrolepis (initial weight 1.86 ± 0.07 g) for eight weeks. The results showed that in the LO and FO groups fish grew best. There was no significant difference in specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) between the MO and FO groups (p > .05). The highest contents of 18:2n‐6, 18:3n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 in liver and muscle were found with the SO, LO and AO groups, respectively (p < .05). There appeared the highest malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the lowest superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the fish liver of the AO group. There appeared the highest concentrations of serum glucose (GLU), cholesterol (CHOL) and triglycerides (TG) in the SO group. The expressions of lipid anabolism genes were significantly up‐regulated by dietary SO and LO (p < .05). The expressions of lipid catabolism genes were significantly higher with the AO, MO and FO groups (p < .05). This study recommended that LO or MO as a better vegetable oil source for juvenile O. macrolepis.