Coat and hair color: hair cortisol and serotonin levels in lactating Holstein cows under heat stress conditions

The deleterious effects of heat stress on animal health are being increasingly recognized. This study aimed to determine hair cortisol (HC) and serotonin levels in lactating Holstein cows under heat stress conditions with different coat and hair‐cut color. Forty‐five multiparous lactating Holstein cows (days in milk = 130 ± 47, body weight = 753 ± 85 kg) were divided to two main groups of over 80% black coat color (BC) and over 85% white coat color (WC) visually observed based on registry certificates and subdividing to black hair sample (BH) and white hair samples (WH) in 2 × 2 factorial arrangements. Hair samples were taken from the forehead of the individuals. Higher HC levels were observed in BC than WC cows (P < 0.05). No differences were found in HC levels between BH and WH groups (P > 0.05). Serotonin levels showed no difference between BC and WC (P > 0.05). Interaction between coat color and hair color was not significant (P > 0.05). The cortisol levels in hair are not affected by pigmentation. However, pigmentation within the coat alters cortisol levels. In conclusion, white coat color retains less cortisol than the black coat. Therefore, white coats are preferable for dairy cows under heat stress conditions.     

基因芯片检测5种动物冠状病毒的初步研究

采用蔗糖密度梯度离心,纯化浓缩犬冠状病毒(CCV)、猫冠状病毒(FCV)、猫传染性腹膜炎病毒(FIPV)、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)、猪呼吸道冠状病毒(PRCV)的细胞培养物,分别设计7,17,11,10和4对引物,构建了49个基因片段的克隆。煮沸裂解法制备质粒DNA,回收PCR扩增产物,点制冠状病毒基因芯片。抽提病毒总RNA,利用Cy3-dCTP随机渗入反转录PCR标记,与芯片进行杂交检测,淘汰交叉的克隆片段。结果表明:克隆CCV1,CCV2,CCV5和CCV7可特异诊断CCV,克隆FCV6,FCV7,FCV8和FCV9可特异诊断FCV,克隆FIPV2,FIPV7,FIPV8和FIPV9可特异诊断FIPV,克隆PRCV1,PRCV2和PRCV3可特异诊断PRCV,克隆TGEV3,TGEV4,TGEV5和TGEV6可特异诊断TGEV。将这些特异克隆扩增片段重新点制基因芯片,与病毒PCR产物杂交,未发现交叉现象。基因芯片检测比传统PCR敏感1000倍,可有效应用于这5种动物冠状病毒的检测与区分。     

家蚕品种茧层生产效率的调查及相关分析

251个家蚕品种的茧层生产效率平均为10．11％，最高12．19％，最低6．71％。二化性品种较高，一化性和多化性较低。中系二化种最高，平均10．54％，日二化种次之，平均10．39％，欧一化平均9.08％，日一化8．90％，多化平均8．72％。茧层生产效率与茧层量、茧层率、5龄一日茧层量成正相关，达显著或极显著水平；与5龄经过、全龄经过有正相关倾向，但不显著；与虫蛹率、死笼率、全茧量、消化率无一致倾向的相关。还调查了消化率和茧层转换率。     

急性感染猪瘟病毒猪体外排毒规律的观察

为研究CSFV感染后在体外的传播途径、排毒规律,针对CSFV基因组设计了一对引物和一条探针,建立了一套CSFV荧光定量PCR(FQ-PCR)检测方法,并以质粒为标准品得到扩增标准曲线.对18个CSFV阳性质控样本检测全阳性,6个CSFV阴性质控样本检测全阴性,显示良好敏感性和特异性.应用此方法对石门株感染的16头60日龄长白猪和1头阴性对照猪的粪便、尿液、眼分泌物和唾液中病毒含量进行了动态测定,结果表明从感染后第1天到频死前第8天,粪便中均能检测出病毒;尿液和眼分泌物至少能从第3天,唾液从第4天开始检测出病毒,且病毒含量呈增加趋势.本研究对急性感染猪瘟病毒猪体外排毒规律进行了系统研究,为弄清CSFV感染病程、致病机理及临床诊断奠定了重要理论基础.     

Three novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms of MBL1 gene in Chinese native cattle and their associations with milk performance traits

Mannan-binding lectin (MBL), a pattern recognizing serum protein, participates in the innate immune system of mammals as an opsonin. In humans, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MBL2 gene were found to cause various innate immune dysfunctions. In the present study, we discovered three single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the MBL1 gene in Chinese native cattle and analyzed their associations with milk traits. By screening the genetic variation of MBL1 in 1053 individuals of three Chinese native cattle breeds including China Holstein, Luxi Yellow and Bohai Black using created restriction site–polymerase chain reaction (CRS–PCR), PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) and DNA sequencing techniques, three new SNPs, g.855G>A, g.2651G>A and g.2686T>C, were found to have allele frequencies of 0–12.65%, 24.07–42.39% and 56.95–73.68%, respectively. While SNP g.855G>A is located within intron ?, the other two SNPs reside in the exon II region with one mutation being non-synonymous (GTT (Val) > ATT (Ile)) and the other synonymous (GCT (Ala) > GCC (Ala)). Among the 596 Chinese Holstein cattle with at least 3 lactation Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) records, eight different haplotypes and 19 genotype combinations were detected. Statistical analyses revealed no correlation between either g.855G>A or g.2686T>C and somatic cell score (SCS), however significant association was found between g.2651G>A and SCS, suggesting a possible role of this SNP in the host response against mastitis. Our data also suggested that the combined genotypes of GGC/AAC with the lowest SCS, AAT/AAT with the highest protein content and AGC/AGC with the highest 305-d milk yield were favorable combinations for mastitis resistance and milk production traits. Therefore, GGC/AAC, AAT/AAT and AGC/AGC can be used as possible candidates for marker-assisted selection in the dairy cattle breeding program.     

1,25-( OH)2D3及LPS对2型糖尿病肾病尿毒症患者单核细胞维生素D受体表达的影响

目的 探讨1,25-(OH)2D3及TLR4配体(脂多糖,LPS)对2型糖尿病(T2DM)和糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)尿毒症患者血清干预的单核细胞维生素D受体(VDR)表达的影响,进一步探索1,25-( OH)2D3在T2DM和DN炎症性免疫反应中的作用.方法 分离研究对象(健康对照组、T2DM组和DN尿毒症组)外周血血清,孵育THP-1单核细胞,然后于含或不含10-7 mol/L的1,25-(OH)2D3培养液中培养48 h后,再用终浓度为1μg/ml的LPS干预24h,收集单核细胞和培养上清.采用RT-PCR检测VDR mRNA表达,Western blot、免疫荧光检测THP-1单核细胞内VDR蛋白表达.ELISA法检测细胞培养上清IL-6和IL-10浓度.结果 与正常对照组比较,在LPS的刺激下T2DM组和DN尿毒症组THP-1单核细胞内VDR mRNA水平下调[对照组(0.99±0.25);T2DM组(0.65±0.24);DN尿毒症组(0.62±0.27),P＜0.05];DN尿毒症组THP-1单核细胞内VDR蛋白表达比正常对照组和T2DM组显著下调[对照组(0.48 ±0.05);T2DM组(0.50±0.06);DN尿毒症组(0.20±0.01),P＜0.01],且LPS增强以上患者血清孵育的THP-1单核细胞炎症细胞因子IL-6的分泌[对照组(15.13±1.61);T2DM组(24.06 ±2.92);DN尿毒症组(70.77 ±5.48),P＜0.05];而1,25-(OH)2D3可部分阻断上述作用.结论 LPS能下调T2DM和DN尿毒症患者单核细胞VDR mRNA和蛋白的表达,引起促炎和抗炎细胞因子失调.1,25-(OH)2D3可部分逆转LPS的作用,对T2DM和DN尿毒症可能具有一定的保护作用.