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971.
Muhammad Zia-Ul-Haq Abdul Khaliq Sheng QIANG Amar Matloob Saddam Hussain Saba Fatima Zeshan Aslam 《农业科学学报》2019,18(4):907-926
To ascertain the influence of wheat stubble management options and chemical weed control methods on weed growth and productivity of dry direct-seeded fine rice, a two years' field study was undertaken at the Agronomic Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan in 2013 and 2014. Different wheat stubble management methods, viz., incorporation, burning and retention were executed during seed-bed preparation. While, herbicide treatments comprised of a weed check, weed free, pendimethalin followed by tank mixture of fenoxaprop p-ethyl+ethoxysulfuron ethyl, and bispyribac sodium followed by tank mixture of fenoxaprop p-ethyl+ethoxysulfuron ethyl. Results revealed that weed control efficacy of both herbicide treatments ranged from 84 to 94%. Herbicide treatments significantly reduced weed density(88–90%) and dry weight(86–88%), while improved the rice growth attributes compared with weed check. Application of bispyribac sodium followed by tank mixture of fenoxaprop p-ethyl+ethoxysulfuron ethyl in stubble retention recorded 226 and 273% increase in kernel yield over weedy check in 2013 and 2014, respectively. In stubble incorporation, pendimethalin followed by tank mixture of fenoxaprop p-ethyl+ethoxysulfuron ethyl was more effective in increasing(256–293%) rice yields over weedy check. Among different treatment combinations, the maximum net benefits(1 397.49~(–1) 472.22 USD ha~(–1)), net returns(636–700 USD ha~(–1)), benefit cost ratio(1.77~(–1).83) and marginal rate of return(2 187–2 330%) were recorded with the application of bispyribac sodium followed by fenoxaprop p-ethyl+ethoxysulfuron ethyl in stubble retention. In crux, application of bispyribac sodium followed by tank mixture of fenoxaprop p-ethyl+ethoxysulfuron ethyl in stubble retention is efficient approach to control weeds, and get maximum rice productivity and net economic returns under dry seeded system. 相似文献
972.
Sensing and Uptake of Nitrogen in Rice Plant: A Molecular View 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Md Saiful ISLAM 《水稻科学》2019,26(6):343-355
As a main feature of plant autotrophy, assimilation of inorganic nitrogen(N) is not only of fundamental interest to the crop, but also a crucial factor in crop productivity. N is the main plant mineral nutrient needed for chlorophyll production and other plant cell components(proteins, nucleic acids and amino acids). I highlighted the novel aspects of N responsive sensors, transporters and signaling molecules recently identified in the monocot rice plant, and discussed their potential roles in N sensing and transporting. Furthermore, over the last couple of years, N sensing has been shown to be affected by different external factors, which act as local signals to trigger systemic signaling coordinated by long-distance transport or mobile signals in plant body. Understanding of this complex regulatory network provides a foundation mechanism for the development of novel strategies to increase the acquisition and transportation efficiency of nitrogen under varying N conditions for rice production. 相似文献
973.
Poor grain filling induced by waterlogging is similar to that in abnormal early ripening in wheat in Western Japan 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Abnormal early ripening (AER), a major constraint on wheat production in Western Japan, manifests as sudden leaf senescence shortly after anthesis and results in poor grain filling; this leads to smaller grains and reduced grain yield. It is suggested that overwetting of the soil may be related to AER. We conducted field experiments over 2 seasons (2008-2009 and 2009-2010) in Yamaguchi, Western Japan, with waterlogging treatment using 2 Japanese wheat cultivars, Daichinominori (Western Japanese cultivar) and Haruyutaka (Hokkaido cultivar), which differ in terms of grain growth in the environment of Western Japan. We imposed pre-anthesis waterlogging for 2 weeks in 2008-2009 and post-anthesis waterlogging throughout the grain-filling period in 2009-2010. Pre-anthesis waterlogging had no significant effect on grain yield or grain filling irrespective of cultivar. Post-anthesis waterlogging severely reduced the grain yield by 44% and 36% in Haruyutaka and Daichinominori, respectively. The yield loss was attributable to the smaller grain weight that was a result of slower grain growth rate later in the shortened grain-filling period. Post-anthesis waterlogging induced sudden leaf senescence 1 and 2 weeks after anthesis in Haruyutaka and Daichinominori, respectively, and drastically reduced the photosynthesis and ultimately dry mass accumulation. It also depressed the remobilization of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) from culms to grains leaving more residual WSCs in the culms at harvest (149 and 65 mg g−1 DW in waterlogging and controls, respectively). The results indicate that the reduced grain growth due to waterlogging was attributable to decreased current assimilation and poor remobilization of culm WSCs to grain similar to that in AER plants. These results suggest that injured root function after anthesis might induce early leaf senescence and poor grain filling similar to AER wheat. 相似文献
974.
Abdul Hafeez Laghari Shahabuddin Memon Aisha NelofarKhalid M. Khan 《Industrial Crops and Products》2011,34(1):1141-1145
Lupeol, a bioactive triterpenoid, has been isolated from the root barks of Alhagi maurorum for the first time in considerable quantity via an easy extraction and isolation process. In this study, a new and versatile LC-MS method has also been developed by optimizing various parameters for the rapid determination of lupeol in plant extract. The anti-inflammatory property of A. maurorum can be correlated to this compound. The superiority of A. maurorum over other plant sources of lupeol is due to its wild nature and ability to grow throughout the year. On the basis of this fact, A. maurorum can be used as a cheaper and ever available source for the lupeol. 相似文献
975.
Soil slaking is an environment-friendly technique that is gaining importance in restoring saline soils. The objective of this
article is to evaluate the effect of initial water content (IWC) on saturated hydraulic conductivity (K
s) in desalinization with slaking and drying. Accordingly, a slaking test was carried out during February, 2009 for evaluating
the effects of slaking and drying on K
s, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) under various IWC. We prepared natural and air-dried
soils of paddy field in Kojima Bay Polder, Japan to give different pre-drying, air-dried, and not dried (natural). The air-dried
soils were resaturated. Each soil was well mixed, then dried to different initial moisture contents (60, 50, 40, 30, 20, and
10% by weight). The specimens were immersed into water in the pot for 24 h. The K
s was measured, and cations in slaked and unslaked soils were analyzed. The K
s was high under the water content below 30% in both the natural and the air-dried soils. But the effects were more pronounced
in the natural soil. The air-dried soil showed far smaller K
s than the natural soil. In outer solution, the highest SAR was noted at 30% in the natural and 30 and 20% in the air-dried
soils. Significant decrease in ESP of the soils (slaked + unslaked) was also observed at the same water content. Lower water
content was more effective in decreasing the soil ESP after desalinization from saline soil. The natural soil showed lower
ESP and higher porosity, which was considered as a reason for higher K
s of natural soil than that of air-dried soils. The results indicated that lower water content (10–30%) had no hazardous effect
on K
s by slaking and drying of soil. 相似文献
976.
Mohammad Shaheed Hossain Chowdhury Md. Mizanur Rahman Masao Koike Nur Muhammed Kazi Mohammad Salahuddin Md. Abdul Halim Narayan Saha Md. Parvez Rana Md. Jahirul Islam 《Small-Scale Forestry》2010,9(1):93-105
Throughout the world ornamentation of body with mehedi (Lawsonia inermis L.) leaf paste, with the trade name ‘henna body art’ is becoming increasingly popular. The worldwide increasing demand of
mehedi leaf encourages many countries to adopt commercial farming of the plant. Farmers living in central Bangladesh recently
commenced small-scale mehedi farming, primarily with the purpose of meeting national demand. A total of 182 farmers are engaged
in mehedi farming and a study was conducted among 36 of them (a 20% random sample) to explore indigenous management techniques,
marketing, livelihood potential and constraints of the enterprise. Farming was reported to be the major primary occupation
of the study area. An average of 0.05 ha land of the respondents was used for mehedi cultivation, which constituted 16.7%
of their average farm land. The farmers applied their own indigenous technology in every aspect of the farming, using branch
cuttings as the only propagation material. The financial analysis indicated that mehedi farming is a profitable and attractive
option for rural livelihoods [with an estimated net present value of Tk (Bangladeshi currency unit, 1 US $ = 68 Taka (as of
May, 2009).) 179,500 for 0.1 ha plantation]. However, the enterprise faces several constraints, including absence of a nursery
for supplying planting materials, storage and effective marketing facilities, available capital for investment, improved technology,
and above all, government support. If the government extends cooperation by assisting farmers with training, technology, credit
and market development, mehedi farming could become an important revenue-earning enterprise in the small-scale cottage sector
of Bangladesh. 相似文献
977.
Mohammed A. Salem Wasef Al-Zayadneh Cheruth Abdul Jaleel 《Frontiers of Agriculture in China》2010,4(2):170-174
Incorporation of compost in soil will not only protect the environment, but also take advantage of the nutrients and organic
matter contained in the compost to enhance soil fertility and crop production. Field experiments were carried out during the
2006/2007 and 2007/2008 growing seasons at the College of Food and Agriculture Farm, United Arab Emirates University. The
experiments were established in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The plot dimension was 3.2m×2.8
m, with four rows per plot. The treatments were designed to study the effect of compost rates on the potato production and
soil fertility properties. Five rates of compost were investigated (control, 40, 80, 120 ton compost per hectare; and inorganic
fertilizers (250 kg N·ha−1, 250 kg P2O5·ha−1 and 300 kg K2O·ha−1)). Results of the first growing season 2006/2007 showed that marketable tuber yield, plant height and specific gravity were
greater in compost amended soil than in non-amended soil even if inorganic fertilizers were added. Application of 120 ton
compost per hectare gave the highest total tubers number, marketable tuber yield, height and specific gravity. 相似文献
978.
In seed priming, seeds are soaked in a solution of low water potential and dried back to their original weight. This study was conducted to evaluate the comparative performance of different seed priming treatments and to investigate whether re-drying is essential or not? Seeds of fine grain aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar Super-Basmati were subjected to hardening, osmohardening with CaCl2 and KCl (ψ s ?1.25 MPa) each for 24 h (one cycle), and hydropriming and ascorbate priming (10 mg L?1) for 48 h. Seeds were primed in two sets. In one set after each treatment, seeds were given three surface washings with distilled water and dried back near to original moisture contents with forced air. In the other case, after surface washings with distilled water, seeds were surface dried using blotting paper and sown immediately. All the priming treatments improved the emergence, seedling growth and reserve metabolism. Use of surface drying was more effective for rice seed invigoration, as evident from earlier and synchronized seedling emergence. Moreover, shoot and root length, seedling dry weight, root score, α-amylase activity, soluble sugars and dehydrogenase activity were also improved, although germination percentage and leaf score were similar from both strategies. Results suggested that surface drying, rather than re-drying close to original weight, was more effective, while among the treatments, osmohardening with CaCl2 was the most effective. Increasing rice production with judicious use of water is need of the day, and aerobic rice cultivation is an attractive alternative for this purpose. However, poor and erratic stand establishment is one of the major hindrances in its wide scale adoption. In this regard, seed priming techniques are pragmatic approaches to achieve proper stand establishment in the new rice culture. They help in improving seedling density per unit area under optimal and adverse soil conditions and may be opted to improve the performance of aerobic rice. 相似文献
979.
Quazi T. H. Shubhra A. K. M. M. Alam M. A. Gafur Sayed M. Shamsuddin Mubarak A. Khan M. Saha Dipti Saha M. A. Quaiyyum Jahangir A. Khan Md. Ashaduzzaman 《Fibers and Polymers》2010,11(5):725-731
Natural fibers are largely divided into two categories depending on their origin: plant based and animal based. Plant based
natural jute fiber reinforced polypropylene (PP) matrix composites (20 wt% fiber) were fabricated by compression molding.
Bending strength (BS), bending modulus (BM), tensile strength (TS), Young’s modulus (YM), and impact strength (IS) of the
composites were found 44.2 MPa, 2200 MPa, 41.3 MPa, 750 MPa and 12 kJ/m2, respectively. Animal based natural B. mori silk fiber reinforced polypropylene (PP) matrix composites (20 wt% fiber) were fabricated in the same way and the mechanical
properties were compared over the silk based composites. TS, YM, BS, BM, IS of silk fiber reinforced polypropylene composites
were found 55.6 MPa, 760 MPa, 57.1 MPa, 3320 MPa and 17 kJ/m2 respectively. Degradation of composites in soil was measured upto twelve weeks. It was found that plant based jute fiber/PP
composite losses its strength more than animal based silk fiber/PP composite for the same period of time. The comparative
study makes it clear that mechanical properties of silk/PP composites are greater than those values of jute/PP composites.
But jute/PP composites are more degradable than silk/PP composites i.e., silk/PP composites retain their strength for a longer
period than jute/PP composites. 相似文献
980.
Larvae that survived sublethal infection of Spodoptera litura granulovirus (SlGV) as 4th and 5th instars led to an increase in the larval period of treated larvae when compared with control. While pupal
period and pupal weight remained unaffected, a significant alteration in sex ratio was observed. Although survivor moths could
mate successfully, there was a significant reduction in the proportion of ovipositing females in treated larvae as compared
with control. A significant reduction in fecundity of moths emerging from treated larvae was also noticed, but the egg viability
was never influenced by the treatment. However, there was a significant increase in progeny mortality in treated larvae over
control. The offspring mortality in survivors increased up to three subsequent generations but not thereafter. Hence, repeated
field applications of inoculum are required. The implication of the present findings in terms of reduced fecundity coupled
with increased larval development indicates that vertical transmission can lead to increased virus dispersal, both of which
would reduce the host's innate capacity for population increase. This is particularly important in S. litura, which is a migratory species and occurs sporadically in a particular agro-ecosystem. 相似文献