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241.
Gobena Ameni Abraham Aseffa Glyn Hewinson Martin Vordermeier 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(3):375-383
Host immune responses to Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) infection are variable at the different severity stages of pathology of the disease. In countries like Ethiopia, where routine
screening of bovine TB is not undertaken, the use of tests which measure cellular and antibody responses may help for the
maximum detection of infection. In the present study, 701 cattle were tested for bovine tuberculosis (BTB) using comparative
intradermal tuberculin (CIDT) test, interferon (IFN)-γ test, and lateral flow assay. The apparent prevalence was 32% when
all the three tests were used, but varied from 23 to 25% when a pair of tests was used and from 9% to 15% when a single test
was used. Agreement was observed between CIDT and IFN-γ tests both at a cut-off >2 mm (Kappa ± standard Error, k ± SE, 0.129 ± 0.045; 95%CI = 0.041,0.216) and a cut-off >4 mm (k ± SE, 0.094 ± 0.044, 95%CI = 0.008,0.179) while no agreement was observed either between CIDT test and lateral flow assay
(k ± SE, −0.04 ± 0.033; 95%CI = −0.104,0.024) or between IFN-γ tests and lateral flow assay (k ± SE, −0.031 ± 0.032; 95% CI = −0.093,0.031). Thus, the use of more than one test leads to the detection of the maximum number
of infected animals. 相似文献
242.
Alternative poultry production with special reference to free range broilers has increased significantly since the nineties
in many regions of the world. Numerous factors influence the productive performance of this type of broilers: genotype (namely
the use of naked neck animals), feeding and access to an outdoor area. The aim of this paper is to study the influence of
each of these factors on the productive performance of free range broilers under commercial rearing conditions. A total of
3200, day old chicks of both sexes from naked neck and normally feathered genotypes were used in this trial. After a joint
initiation phase, animals were divided into four different treatments with the combination of two concentrates (high vs low
energy content) and management (access to outside park or not). Experiment lasted a total of 12 weeks. Live weight date was
recorded weekly and a samples of animals from the trial were sacrificed at the age of 8, 10 and 12 weeks, when carcass characteristics
were determined. Besides sex, the only factor that seems to affect growth characteristics was genotype as naked neck animals
had poorer growth rates than normally feathered. No effect was detected on carcass yields and percentages of carcass components
for any of the variables. From the data presented in this trial the practises associated with free range production are of
relative inconsequence to the technical animal production parameters and can only be justified by a pressing need to differentiate
these products from standard poultry products in what concerns both welfare issues and meat characteristics. The results also
indicate that genetic material from alternative poultry production in Europe can be a useful option in poultry production
development projects in the tropics. 相似文献
243.
Qin Liu Yanqin Q. Zhou Guosheng S. He Marinda C. Oosthuizen Danna N. Zhou Junlong L. Zhao 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(1):109-114
Six Theileria spp. from cattle, buffalo and black goat were identified in the Hubei province of China. In order to study the taxonomic
status of these parasites, phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA genes were carried out. The 18S rRNA genes from each isolate
were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and the approximate 1.75 kb products were cloned and sequenced. Phylogenetic
analysis of these gene sequences revealed that the five parasites from buffalo and cattle belonged to the Theileria sergenti/buffeli/orientalis group. The parasite from the Chinese goat (Macheng-Hubei, DQ286802) was closely related to Theileria luwenshuni isolated from sheep in the north of China. This represent the first report on the use of molecular phylogeny to classify
Theileria spp. obtained in the Hubei province, showing that Theileria spp. from ruminants found in Hubei province belongs to the benign group of Theileria spp. 相似文献
244.
Georgios Michailidis 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(5):459-471
In recent years host antimicrobial peptides and proteins have been recognised as key mediators of the innate immune response
in many vertebrate species, providing the first line of defense against potential pathogens. In chickens a number of cationic
antimicrobial peptides have been recently identified. However, although these peptides have been studied extensively in the
avian gastrointestinal tract, little is known about their function in the chicken reproductive organs and embryos. Chicken
Liver Expressed Antimicrobial Peptide-2 (cLEAP-2) has been previously reported to function in protecting birds against microbial
attack. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of cLEAP-2 gene in the chicken reproductive organs, as well
as in chicken embryos during embryonic development, and to determine whether cLEAP-2 expression in the chicken reproductive
organs was constitutive or induced as a response to Salmonella enteritidis infection. RNA was extracted from ovary, oviduct, testis and epididymis of sexually mature healthy and Salmonella infected birds, as well as from chicken embryos until day ten of embryonic development. Expression analysis data revealed
that cLEAP-2 was expressed in the chicken ovary, testis and epididymis as well as in embryos during early embryonic development.
Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that cLEAP-2 expression was constitutive in the chicken epididymis, but was significantly
up regulated in the chicken gonads, following Salmonella infection. In addition, expression of cLEAP-2 during chicken embryogenesis appeared to be developmentally regulated. These
data provide evidence to suggest a key role of cLEAP-2 in the protection of the chicken reproductive organs and the developing
embryos from Salmonella colonization. 相似文献
245.
Martins G Penna B Hamond C Leite RC Silva A Ferreira A Brandão F Oliveira F Lilenbaum W 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(4):773-777
Despite the importance of small ruminants breeding in developing countries, milk/meat productivity remains unsatisfactory.
Infectious diseases, such as leptospirosis, brucellosis, and small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs), contribute to this scenario.
The objective of the present study was to determine the role of each of these diseases in the productivity of small ruminants
breeding in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In goats, 343 samples were tested for leptospirosis, 560 for Brucella abortus, and 506 for caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE), whereas in sheep, 308 samples were tested for leptospirosis, 319 for B. abortus, 374 for Brucella ovis, and 278 for Maedi-Visna (MV). Regarding leptospirosis, 25.9% of goats and 47.4% sheep were seroreactive, with serovar Hardjo
the most prevalent in both species. Anti-B. abortus agglutinins were found in 0.7% of all samples, exclusively in goats. In relation to SRLVs, 8.6% of goats and 3.2% of sheep
samples were positive for CAE and MV, respectively. Leptospirosis was the major infectious problem in the small ruminants
sampled and may contribute to impaired productivity of these animals. 相似文献
246.
Saeid R. Nourollahi Fard Masoud Asghari Fatemeh Nouri 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(8):1633-1636
The parasite of genus Sarcocystis is one of the most commonly found parasite in domestic animals worldwide. Some species of Sarcocystis cause important economic loss when causing clinical and sub clinical disease. The aim of this study was to determine the
prevalence of Sarcocystis in slaughtered Cattle in Kerman, Iran. The prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. infection was investigated in 480 cattle, slaughtered from May 2005 to February 2006 in the Kerman, Iran using naked
eye examination for macroscopic Sarcocysts, and peptic digestion, muscle squash, squeezing methods for microscopic types.
Muscles from heart, tongue, and esophagus, cervical and abdominal muscles of 480 slaughtered cattle were examined for Sarcocystis cysts. The prevalence of microscopic Sarcocystis cysts in cattle was detected in 100% and there was no macroscopic cyst in examined cattle. 相似文献
247.
Maryam Ansari-Lari Maryam Rezagholi Mahdie Reiszadeh 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(7):1283-1288
Purpose
To determine trends in calving ages and calving interval as measures of reproductive performance in Iranian Holsteins in Fars province, southern Iran during 2000–2005. 相似文献248.
A. K. Dang Suman Kapila Maneesh Purohit Charan Singh 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(7):1213-1217
Colostrum samples were collected from 8 Murrah buffaloes on days 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 after calving. Levels of IgG averaged 54.0 mg/ml
at calving, then decreased significantly (P < 0.01). IgA and IgM on day 1 were 3.22 mg/ml and 5.22 mg/ml, respectively; both
decreased during the first five days after calving. Values of IgA and IgM were higher than those reported in cows. SCC values,
which were high at calving (500 000 per ml), reduced significantly (P < 0.01) on day 2, then decreased slightly until day
5 (180 000 per ml). At calving, macrophages were the most prominent cells in buffalo colostrum, followed by lymphocytes and
neutrophils. Phagocytic activity was 23% at calving and reduced significantly (P < 0.01) to 14% on day 5. Phagocytic index
was highest in the first colostrum, and then decreased non-significantly. 相似文献
249.
Sukata T Uwagawa S Ozaki K Sumida K Kushida M Kakehashi A Wanibuchi H Miyata K Ogata K Fukushima S 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2009,22(4):281-288
Previously, we reported α(2)-macroglobulin (α(2)M) to be a novel marker characteristic of rat hepatocellular preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions negative for hitherto well-established markers. In the present study, we further examined other candidate markers with specificity for the same type of lesions. Glutathione S-transferase-placental form (GST-P)-negative hepatocellular altered foci (HAF) were generated using a two-stage (initiation and promotion) carcinogenesis protocol with N,N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and either Wy-14,643 or clofibrate, two peroxisome proliferators. Microarray analysis using total RNAs isolated from laser-microdissected GST-P-negative HAF (amphophilic cell foci) and adjacent normal tissues was conducted along with immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR. Staining for glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) was detected in GST-P-negative HAF and hepatocellular adenomas, and slightly increased GRP78 mRNA expression was observed in the lesions by real-time RT-PCR analysis. Thus, an early increase of GRP78 expression in hepatocarcinogenesis is likely a feature of the amphophilic subset of HAF. 相似文献
250.
Dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide (DMAPMA) was grafted onto PET/wool blend fabrics by continuous UV irradiation. Union dyeing
of the photografted fabrics was investigated using three reactive dyes of α-bromoacrylamide reactive groups. The influence of grafting yield, DMAPMA concentration, NaCl amount, pH value, and dyeing
temperature on the dyeability was evaluated. The dyeability of both PET and wool components was improved significantly by
the DMAPMA photografting and successive reactive dyeing. Although the dyeability of the PET component in the blend substantially
was improved with higher grafting, equal dyeability between PET and wool was difficult to achieve due to more facile grafting
and higher reactivity of the wool component compared with the modified PET component. However, the color fastness of the PET/wool
blend fabric was excellent for all three colors. This study may offer a way to achieve union dyeing of PET/wool blend fabrics. 相似文献