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151.
Isabel Egea Paloma Sánchez-Bel Felix Romojaro Maria Teresa Pretel 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2010,65(2):121-129
Total antioxidant activity of six non-cultivated but traditionally collected fruits from the south of Europe was assessed
by measuring their ability to reduce the hydroxyl radical ( OH· ) \left( {{\hbox{O}}{{\hbox{H}}^\bullet }} \right) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and their Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). This antioxidant activity was compared with that shown by the
synthetic antioxidants BHA (E-320), BHT (E-321) and propyl gallate (E-310). Total phenolics, ascorbic acid and the carotenoid
content of the fruits were also analyzed. All fruits showed a high ability to scavenge the OH· {\hbox{O}}{{\hbox{H}}^\bullet } radical, ranging from 60.61% to 81.04% inhibition for Rosa canina and Crataegus monogyna, respectively. The H2O2 scavenging capacity and the TEAC value varied widely, ranging between 3.63% and 87.26% inhibition of H2O2 and between 0.47 and 416.64 mM trolox g−1 FW for Sorbus domestica and Rosa canina, respectively. The antioxidant activity of fruits was higher than that of the synthetic additives analyzed, except in the
TEAC assay. The phenolic and carotenoid content of R. canina was much higher than that of the other fruits analyzed and its ascorbic acid concentration was also high, reflecting its
higher efficacy towards ABTS ·- {\hbox{ABT}}{{\hbox{S}}^{ \bullet - }} (TEAC assay) and H2O2 species. In spite of these associations, the correlation coefficients between total antioxidant activity and the antioxidant compounds
analyzed were not very significant; only phenolics and carotenoids showed a marginal correlation with the TEAC assay. The
results support the possible use of R. canina as natural antioxidant to replace the synthetic additives, as well as their use in the production of functional foods with
a high antioxidant activity. 相似文献
152.
Blanch Gracia Patricia Gómez-Jiménez Maria C. del Castillo Maria Luisa Ruiz 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2020,75(2):177-183
Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Grapes contain high contents of phenolics, which are known to possess health promoting properties. Exogenous application of phytoregulators, mainly methyl... 相似文献
153.
Luciana Linhares de Azevedo Bittencourt Kelly Alencar Silva Valéria Pereira de Sousa Gizele Cardoso Fontes-Sant’Ana Maria Helena Rocha-Leão 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2018,73(4):278-286
In the processing of fruits such as blueberry (Vaccinium sp), that has high levels of phenolic acid, the food industry produces tons of organic waste that causes harm to the environment. Encapsulation is a technique used to take advantage of these wastes. Several methods are used to encapsulate substances, among them ionotropic gelation proves to be a simple, precise, efficient and economical method for obtaining particles with encapsulated bioactives. In this manner, the aim of this study was to test sodium alginate as wall material to encapsulate blueberry residue by ionotropic gelation. The microbeads were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), total phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity and in vitro dissolution. The results showed that the microbeads had surface invagination; retention of 67.01% of the phenolic compounds after encapsulation and 68.2%, phenolic release 120 min after in vitro dissolution. The results suggest that the tested matrix was suitable for encapsulation. The produced microbeads are promising for applications in food products, once the phenolic compounds present in the blueberry residues were maintained after encapsulation. 相似文献
154.
Carotenoids from Marine Microalgae: A Valuable Natural Source for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases
Maria Filomena de Jesus Raposo Alcina Maria Miranda Bernardo de Morais Rui Manuel Santos Costa de Morais 《Marine drugs》2015,13(8):5128-5155
Epidemiological studies have shown a relation between antioxidants and the prevention of several chronic diseases. Microalgae are a potential novel source of bioactive molecules, including a wide range of different carotenoids that can be used as nutraceuticals, food supplements and novel food products. The objective of this review is (i) to update the research that has been carried out on the most known carotenoids produced by marine microalgae, including reporting on their high potentialities to produce other less known important compounds; (ii) to compile the work that has been done in order to establish some relationship between carotenoids and oxidative protection and treatment; (iii) to summarize the association of oxidative stress and the various reactive species including free radicals with several human diseases; and (iv) to provide evidence of the potential of carotenoids from marine microalgae to be used as therapeutics to treat or prevent these oxidative stress-related diseases. 相似文献
155.
Guimes Rodrigues Filho Sabrina Dias RibeiroCarla da Silva Meireles Leandro Gustavo da SilvaReinaldo Ruggiero Moacir Fernandes Ferreira JuniorDaniel Alves Cerqueira Rosana Maria Nascimento de AssunçãoMara Zeni Patricia Polleto 《Industrial Crops and Products》2011,33(3):566-571
Cellulose acetate is one of the components employed in drug controlled-release systems in the form of membranes. The aim of this study was to examine the controlled-release of doxycycline employing cellulose acetate symmetric and asymmetric membranes as matrices. The cellulose triacetate was produced from sugarcane bagasse through a homogeneous acetylation reaction, using acetic acid as the solvent, acetic anhydride as the acetylating agent and sulfuric acid as the catalyst. The viscosity average molecular weight of the cellulose acetate produced was 39,000 g mol−1. The symmetric membranes were produced using a system solvent of dichloromethane/ethanol (9:1, v/v) and the asymmetric membranes were produced from the same solvent system and 10% of water. For the formulation of both, 5% of doxycycline was used. The membranes were characterized by thermal analysis (DSC and TGA) and scanning electron microscopy SEM. The release of doxycycline through cellulose triacetate matrices was examined using spectrophotometric analysis in the ultraviolet-visible region, at 275 nm. The results revealed that asymmetric membranes release 80% of the drug in 100 min, while symmetric membranes release 14% of the drug during the same time interval. 相似文献
156.
Maria Laura Brignoli Paolo Espa Ramon J. Batalla 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2017,17(8):2187-2201
Purpose
Sediment transport and riverbed sedimentation were investigated in an alpine stream below a small hydropower reservoir desilted by a controlled sediment flushing (CSF) operation. The term “controlled” refers to the operational tasks implemented to mitigate the downstream environmental impact of the operation. The experimental dataset acquired before, during, and after the CSF was also used to carry out and calibrate a one-dimensional sediment transport model of the monitored event.Materials and methods
The investigated reservoir is located in the central Italian Alps, and its original storage was 160,000 m3, about 30% filled by a mixture of sand and silt/clay before the CSF. Downstream sediment concentration was controlled by releasing clear water from upstream reservoirs and regulating the work of earth-moving equipment in the emptied reservoir. A 3.6-km-long reach with average slope of 0.015 was monitored: concentration and grain size of suspended sediment were measured during the CSF and the riverbed alteration was evaluated by volumetric sampling and measurements of the deposits’ thickness. Sedimentation and River Hydraulics—One Dimensional (SRH-1D) was used to simulate sediment transport during the monitored CSF. Model parameters were calibrated by comparing the computed and the observed amount of sediment deposited along the study reach.Results and discussion
Sediment flushing was carried out in October 2010 for 3 days. Ca. 16,000 m3 of sediment were evacuated, representing approximately 30% silt/clay and 70% sand. 2.4 Mm3 of clear water was released to reduce sediment concentration and increase transport capacity downstream. About 3000 m3 of sand was deposited in the study reach after the CSF, with maximum height up to 0.2 m. Although the riverbed before the CSF was simply set as mono-granular, after calibrating the parameters, good agreement was achieved between the depositional pattern computed by SRH-1D and the one observed, both in terms of deposit thickness and grain size of deposited sediment. The sensitivity analysis revealed a major role of the parameters controlling bed mixing processes in affecting the simulated deposition after the CSF.Conclusions
Sediment below 0.1 mm in diameter was not detected in river deposits after the flushing: the effects on river biota associated with substrate clogging by very fine sediment were therefore minimized. After proper calibration, 1-D sediment transport modeling can effectively support the planning of CSF operations: to minimize the downstream environmental effects, concurrently achieving acceptable flushing efficiency, the analyzed scenarios as well as the model outputs need to be carefully evaluated from a multidisciplinary perspective.157.
Cristina Pascual Leticia Arena Gerard Cuzon Gabriela Gaxiola Gabriel Taboada Manuel Valenzuela Carlos Rosas 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2004,230(1-4):405-416
Blood metabolites in wild and seventh-generation cultivated shrimp were measured to determine how size-based selection could alter the nutritional and immunological conditions of Litopenaeus vannamei. Wild L. vannamei juveniles and a sample of seventh-generation cultured shrimp were acclimated under identical conditions. During 55 days, shrimp were fed a high (HCHO: 44%) or a low (LCHO: 3%) carbohydrate diet for 55 days. Wild shrimp showed a direct relation between dietary CHO and lactate, protein and hemocyte levels indicating that dietary CHO was used for protein synthesis via transamination pathways. In seventh-generation cultured shrimp these parameters were inversely proportional to dietary CHO level, indicating the capacity to synthesize protein from dietary CHO was repressed in cultured shrimp. Farmed shrimp showed a limited capacity to respond to LCHO diets demonstrating high protein dependence in their metabolism and immune response. These results demonstrate that during size-based breeding programs other metabolic process than CHO catabolism can be selected. The incapacity of shrimp to use dietary CHO could limit protein reduction of diets and limit the efforts of the shrimp industry to be ecologically and environmentally profitable. 相似文献
158.
Effect of coupling media on velocity and attenuation of ultrasonic waves in Brazilian wood 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Raquel?Gon?alvesEmail author Alex?Julio?Trinca Gisleiva?Cristina?dos?Santos Ferreira 《Journal of Wood Science》2011,57(4):282-287
Coupling media are necessary to ensure that transducers bond to wood specimens to minimize coupling losses and improve the
accuracy of ultrasonic measurements. There are several types of coupling media available, and the optimal choice is not known.
In this work, we analyzed the results of ultrasonic wave attenuation for 0.1-MHz longitudinal and transverse transducers with
six different materials as coupling media in nine species of Brazilian wood with densities in the range 700–1170 kg/m3. Tests were performed using constant pressure on the transducer and with wave propagation in the longitudinal direction.
For transverse transducers, the polarization was in the radial and tangential directions. The results were analyzed statistically
and showed that, for attenuation in both longitudinal and transverse waves, the material used for coupling had significant
effects, whereas the wood species had no effect. For longitudinal waves, the statistical evaluation showed that the coupling
material performance was strongly dependent on the species of wood, but it was not possible to observe any tendency of behavior
associated with specific anatomical properties. 相似文献
159.
Maria Margarida Ribeiro Leopoldo Sanchez Carla Ribeiro Fátima Cunha José Araújo Nuno M. G. Borralho Cristina Marques 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(4):701-714
• Introduction
Tree genetic improvement programs usually lack, in general, pedigree information. Since molecular markers can be used to estimate the level of genetic similarity between individuals, we genotyped a sample of a Portuguese Eucalyptus globulus breeding population—a reference population of 125 individuals—with 16 microsatellites (SSR). 相似文献160.
Rotacio S. Gravoso Nestor O. Gregorio Maria Anabelle D. Gerona Moises Neil V. Seri?o Steve R. Harrison Herville V. Pajaron Jayson V. Godoy 《Small-Scale Forestry》2011,10(4):473-488
Through a series of workshops with the stakeholders including nursery operators, tree farmers, staff of the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources, local government units and the academe, a forestry seedling nursery accreditation policy
was developed. The resulting policy was subsequently implemented by the municipal government of Palompon, Leyte. The accreditation
policy encouraged nursery operators to follow smallholder-based best management practices for tree nurseries. Implementation
of the nursery accreditation policy improved farmers’ knowledge and skills in the production of high quality seedlings, encouraged
adoption of BMP for forest nurseries, provided additional source of income for the farmers, enabled members of the groups
operating the communal nursery to forge closer relationship with each other, encouraged utilization of farmers’ free time
in productive activities, developed farmers’ confidence in producing high quality planting materials, and gained for the farmers
favourable attention from various organizations and groups. The Bennett’s hierarchy of project outcomes showed that the implementation
of accreditation scheme achieved high levels of outcomes, indicating that it led to substantial improvements in the lives
of the farmers. 相似文献