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101.
Ewa
wich Anna Tunio Marcin Barszcz Marcin Taciak Ewelina Siwiak 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2019,103(3):894-905
Mucins secreted by goblet cells (GC) are the major components of mucus layer coating and protecting gut epithelium. The study aimed at determining the effect of non‐essential amino acids (NEAA) and threonine (Thr) levels on GC number and mucus layer thickness measured in different parts of the gut. A two‐factorial experiment was conducted on 72 pigs (initial BW 12.5 kg) using as factors: Thr level (5.1, 5.7, 6.3 and 6.9 g standardized ileal digestible [SID] Thr/kg) and wheat gluten (WG) level used as a source of NEAA (20.4, 40.4 and 60.4 g WG protein in WG20, WG40 and WG60 diets respectively). All diets covered the requirement for essential AA, except for Thr, and they were fed to six pigs for 20 days. Thr level affected only the count of GC containing acidic mucins in the proximal colon, which was higher in pigs fed a diet with 5.1 g SID Thr/kg in comparison with diet containing 6.3 g SID Thr/kg. In the villi, WG40 and/or WG60 increased the GC number containing acidic mucins and lowered that with neutral mucins in the middle jejunum. In the crypts, higher WG levels decreased the GC number with acidic mucins in the duodenum, ileum and proximal colon and increased that with neutral and mixed mucins in the duodenum and ileum. The mucus layer was thicker in the proximal and middle jejunum in WG20 pigs, whereas in the proximal colon it was thicker in WG60 pigs. The lowest GC count was found in the middle jejunum and the highest in the duodenum and proximal colon. The mucus layer was the thinnest in the proximal and middle jejunum and the thickest in the ileum. The results did not show the negative effect of a moderate Thr deficiency and the positive effect of non‐essential AA supplementation on GC functions. 相似文献
102.
Paulina Robak Magorzata Ogo Adam Lepczyski Agnieszka Herosimczyk Marcin Barszcz Marcin Taciak Jacek Skomia 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2019,103(6):1837-1847
The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of dietary supplementation with inulin extract from chicory root and dried chicory root on the protein profile of the renal cortex and medulla of growing pigs. The experiment was carried out on renal cortex and medulla tissue collected from 24 50‐day‐old PIC x Penarlan P76 crossbred piglets (males). Animals were divided into three dietary groups (n = 8) and fed with a control diet, diet supplemented with 2% inulin extract from chicory root and a diet supplemented with 4% dried chicory root. Kidney samples were collected after 40 days of feeding, and renal cortex and medulla proteins were separated by two‐dimensional electrophoresis. Protein identification was performed using MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. The diet supplemented with 2% chicory inulin induced significant expression changes of 20 and 26 protein spots in the renal cortex and medulla respectively. Supplementation with 4% dried chicory root triggered changes in the expression of 44 and 24 proteins in the renal cortex and medulla respectively. Both forms of chicory inulin‐type fructans effectively affected the expression of proteins involved in energy metabolism, heat shock proteins and other chaperones, cytoskeletal and cytoskeleton‐related proteins, as well as other proteins. Additionally, changes in transferrin abundance in both experimental groups suggested the significance of chicory fructan supplementation for iron absorption and bioavailability. In conclusion, 2% inulin extract from chicory root and 4% dried chicory root exerted a similar effect on changes in renal protein expression; however, more pronounced alterations were induced by dried chicory root. Nevertheless, further studies are needed for better understanding the mechanism underlying the effect of chicory inulin‐type fructans and their fermentation end products on the kidneys of growing pigs. 相似文献
103.
Marcin Polonis Krzysztof Jagieo Stefan Dobosz Rafa Royski Paulina Kondraciuk Artur Gurgul Tomasz Szmatoa Konrad Ocalewicz 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(4):712-718
Ionizing radiation (IR) is applied to inactivate nuclear genome in the salmonid eggs to induce androgenetic development. However, it has been considered that doses of IR used to damage maternal chromosomes may also affect morphology of the eggs and decrease their developmental potential. Thus, the main goal of the present research was to assess alterations in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs caused by the high dose of IR administered during androgenesis. In the present research, rainbow trout eggs were irradiated with 350 Gy of X‐rays, inseminated and exposed to the high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) shock to develop as androgenetic doubled haploids (DHs). The distribution of lipid droplets in the irradiated and non‐irradiated rainbow trout eggs, survival rates and morphology of larvae from androgenetic and control groups were compared. It has been observed that non‐irradiated and irradiated eggs exhibited altered distribution of lipid droplets. Most of the eggs before IR treatment displayed rather equal distribution of the oil droplets. In turn, majority of eggs studied after irradiation had coalesced lipid droplets, a pattern found in eggs with reduced quality. Incidences of abnormally developed larvae were more frequently observed among fish that hatched from the irradiated eggs. Observed changes suggest X‐rays applied for the genetic inactivation of rainbow trout eggs may lead to decrease of their developmental competence. 相似文献
104.
Modulation of ruminal and intestinal fermentation by medicinal plants and zinc from different sources 下载免费PDF全文
Zora Váradyová Dominika Mravčáková Monika Holodová Ľubomira Grešáková Jana Pisarčíková Marcin Barszcz Marcin Taciak Anna Tuśnio Svetlana Kišidayová Klaudia Čobanová 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(5):1131-1145
Two experiments were conducted on sheep to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with zinc and a medicinal plant mixture on haematological parameters and microbial activity in the rumen and large intestine. In Experiment 1, 24 male lambs were randomly divided into four groups: One group was fed an unsupplemented basal diet (control), and three groups were fed a diet supplemented with 70 mg Zn/kg diet in the form of Zn sulphate (ZnSO4), a Zn‐chelate of glycine hydrate (Zn‐Gly) or a Zn‐proteinate (Zn‐Pro), for five months. The ruminal content was collected separately from each lamb, and batch cultures of ruminal fluid were incubated in vitro with mixture of medicinal plants (Mix) with different roughage:concentrate ratios (800:200 and 400:600, w/w). Bioactive compounds in Mix were quantified by UPLC/MS/MS. In Experiment 2, four sheep were fed a diet consisting of meadow hay and barley grain (400:600, w/w), with Zn‐Gly (70 mg Zn/kg diet), Mix (10% replacement of meadow hay) or Zn‐Gly and Mix (Zn‐Gly‐Mix) as supplements in a Latin square design. Mix decreased total gas (p < 0.001) and methane (p < 0.01) production in vitro. In Experiment 1, caecal isobutyrate and isovalerate concentrations varied among the dietary treatments (p < 0.01). The isovalerate concentration of the zinc‐supplemented groups in the distal colon was higher (p < 0.001) compared with the control. In Experiment 2, the molar proportion of isobutyrate was the highest in the faeces of the sheep fed the diet with Zn‐Gly‐Mix (p < 0.01). The plasma zinc concentration was higher in the groups fed a diet supplemented with zinc (p < 0.001). The haematological profile and antioxidant status did not differ between the dietary groups (p > 0.05). The diets containing medicinal plants and organic zinc thus helped to modulate the characteristics of fermentation in ruminants. 相似文献
105.
Evaluation of the correlation between Scoring Feline Allergic Dermatitis and Feline Extent and Severity Index and skin hydration in atopic cats 下载免费PDF全文
106.
Przemysław Charzyński Renata Bednarek Patrycja Hudańska Marcin Świtoniak 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2018,64(2):132-137
ABSTRACT Nowadays, the city area of Toruń is dominated by anthropogenic and technogenic soils – developed by humans or significantly altered, mainly disturbed in terms of morphology and chemical and physical properties. This study is a continuation of research on the soil cover of the city. The aim of the presented study is to assess extent of garden soils in the city and characterize its properties on the base of five soil profiles in four exemplary gardens in Toruń and evaluate if they meet the classification criteria for Hortic Anthrosols according to World Reference Base (WRB) for Soil Resources. Within the administrative boundaries of the city, 66 allotment gardens are located which totally cover an area of more than 300 ha. They occupy 3% of the city area. None of the studied mineral surface horizons meets the criteria for hortic horizon according to WRB 2015, due to too low phosphorus content. Other hortic criteria were fulfilled. The research on classification issues of garden soils should be continued on larger scale to evaluate if WRB criteria are not too strict taking into account the features of most typical, few decade-old garden soils. 相似文献
107.
Anna M. Stefanowicz Marta L. Majewska Małgorzata Stanek Marcin Nobis Szymon Zubek 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2018,18(4):1409-1423
Purpose
This study compared the effects of four invasive plants, namely Impatiens glandulifera, Reynoutria japonica, Rudbeckia laciniata, and Solidago gigantea, as well as two native species—Artemisia vulgaris, Phalaris arundinacea, and their mixture on soil physicochemical properties in a pot experiment.Materials and methods
Plants were planted in pots in two loamy sand soils. The soils were collected from fallows located outside (fallow soil) and within river valley (valley soil) under native plant communities. Aboveground plant biomass, cover, and soil physicochemical properties such as nutrient concentrations, pH, and water holding capacity (WHC) were measured after two growing seasons. Discriminant analysis (DA) was used to identify soil variables responsible for the discrimination between plant treatments. Identified variables were further compared between treatments using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD test.Results and discussion
Plant biomass, cover, and soil parameters depended on species and soil type. DA effectively separated soils under different plant species. DA on fallow soil data separated R. laciniata from all other treatments, especially I. glandulifera, native species and bare soil, along axis 1 (related mainly to exchangeable K, N-NH4, total P, N-NO3, and WHC). Large differences were found between R. laciniata and S. gigantea as indicated by axis 2 (S-SO4, exchangeable Mg, total P, exchangeable Ca, and total Mg). DA on valley soil data separated R. japonica from all other treatments, particularly S. gigantea, R. laciniata, and native mixture, along axis 1 (N-NO3, total N, S-SO4, total P, pH). Along axis 2 (N-NO3, N-NH4, Olsen P, exchangeable K, WHC), large differences were observed between I. glandulifera and all other invaders.Conclusions
Plant influence on soil differed both among invasive species and between invasive and native species. Impatiens glandulifera had a relatively weak effect and its soil was similar to both native and bare soils. Multidirectional effects of different invaders resulted in a considerable divergence in soil characteristics. Invasion-driven changes in the soil environment may trigger feedbacks that stabilize or accelerate invasion and hinder re-colonization by native vegetation, which has implications for the restoration of invaded habitats.108.
Ewelina Warzych Piotr Pawlak Marcin Pszczola Adam Cieslak Zofia E. Madeja Dorota Lechniak 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(10):1491-1497
Among many factors, lipid metabolism within the follicular environment emerges as an important indicator of oocyte quality. In the literature a crucial significance is described concerning follicular fluid (FF) composition as well as messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in follicular cells. The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between oocyte, FF and follicular cells with regard to lipid metabolism. The set of data originating from individual follicles comprised: lipid droplets (LD) number in oocytes (BODIPY staining), mRNA expression of seven genes in cumulus and granulosa cells (SCD, FADS2, ELOVL2, ELOVL5, GLUT1, GLUT3, GLUT8; real time polymerase chain reaction) and fatty acid (FA) composition in FF (gas chromatography). Obtained results demonstrate significant correlation between oocyte lipid droplets number and FA composition in FF. However, gene expression studies show significant correlation between LD number and GLUT1 gene only. Moreover, the present experiment revealed correlations between FA content in FF and expression of several genes (SCD, FADS2, ELOVL5, GLUT8) in granulosa cells, whereas only the SCD gene in cumulus cells. We suggest that the results of our experiment indicate the importance of glucose : lipid metabolism balance, which contributes to better understanding of energy metabolism conversion between oocytes and the maternal environment. 相似文献
109.
Radosław Puchałka Marcin Koprowski Jožica Gričar Rajmund Przybylak 《European Journal of Forest Research》2017,136(2):259-268
We monitored leaf phenology and xylogenesis of 12 Pedunculate oaks in northern Poland in 2014. We hypothesized that the individual trees, which differed in size, age and habitat (tree stand or gap), also diverged in terms of the seasonal patterns of leaf phenology and xylogenesis. The samples used for wood formation observations were collected most frequently during the early leaf phenophases (from March to end of June). The transverse sections of the cambial region were cut with a sledge microtome. We counted the number of cambial cells, measured the width of xylem increment and assessed the timing of xylogenesis and earlywood-vessel formation. We found significant differences in leaf phenology and timing of xylogenesis among individual trees. The smallest differences in wood formation among the trees were observed at the beginning of the vegetation season when the first earlywood vessels were detected (9 days). The dates of completion of the first tangential row of earlywood vessels varied by up to 30 days, while for the completion of the entire earlywood dates varied by up to 32 days. The highest productivity of cambial cells (13 cell layers) was observed around the time of bud swelling at mid-April. In the last days of April, the number of cambial cell layers decreased and subsequently increased again when the leaves were nearly fully expanded at the end of May. To summarize, we observed a high seasonal variability in the number of cambial cell layers. Differences in the time of cessation of cambial activity and xylogenesis amounted to 1 month. We conclude that: (1) oak tree-ring widths and earlywood-vessel sizes and numbers may not be sensitive indicators for early spring temperature and spring defoliation; (2) the missing association between leaf phenophases and xylogenesis as well as the phenological variability may be the reasons for the lack of a clear climatic effect on the above-mentioned parameters. 相似文献
110.
Marcin K. Dyderski Anna Gazda Mariusz Hachułka Paweł Horodecki Izabela L. Kałucka Jacek Kamczyc Marek Malicki Remigiusz Pielech Michał Smoczyk Maciej Skorupski Sylwia Wierzcholska Andrzej M. Jagodziński 《Annals of Forest Science》2018,75(4):91