紫苏和薄荷提取物对茶炭疽病病菌(Gloeosporium theae sinesis)的抑制作用

采用95%乙醇浸提紫苏和薄荷获得其提取物,用菌丝生长速率法测定了提取物对茶炭疽病病菌菌丝的抑制作用,采用水琼脂培养法测定提取物对病菌分生孢子萌发的抑制效果,并在显微镜下观察菌丝生长和孢子萌发的状态。结果表明,2种植物提取物对茶病疽病病菌菌丝和分生孢子萌发均有较好的抑制作用。在40 mg/m L浓度下,2种植物提取物对茶病疽病病菌菌丝生长抑制率均在75%以上,紫苏提取物在48 h内抑制率达100%,对其病菌孢子萌发的抑制率最高可达84.28%。显微观察发现,各浓度下茶病疽病病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发形态均有不同程度畸变,紫苏提取物浓度越高畸变越严重。     

单兵装备在植物检疫工作中的应用探索

当前,在我国进境植物检疫现场查验工作中,配备的工具装备还不够统一规范,难以满足复杂环境下的使用需求,容易对查验工作效能以及执法形象造成影响,开发一套适合现场查验的单兵装备十分必要。本文对太仓口岸检疫人员研发的植物检疫单兵装备进行了介绍。实践表明,该套装备有效提升了现场查验工作效率和执法形象,推进了现场执法的规范化。     

一种危害杧果幼果的瘿蚊科害虫

杧幼果普瘿蚊(Procontarinia frugivora Gagné)是目前已知唯一危害杧果果实的地区性害虫,国内尚未发生分布。本文综述了其分类地位、地理分布、成虫形态特征、生物学特性、传播途径等,讨论了其经济重要性及防治对策,提出了进境检疫鉴定方法,以期为进境检疫工作提供参考。     

Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantitative determination of cyhalofop-butyl

An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) for cyhalofop-butyl was developed with a polyclonal antibody produced against a hapten (cyhalofop acid) conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA). The ELISA of cyhalofop-butyl showed an IC₅₀ value of 0.067 ± 0.004 mg/l and the limit of detection (LOD, IC₁₀) of 0.0029 ± 0.0001 mg/l at the optimal conditions. No significant cross-reaction to other structure-related compounds suggested high specificity for cyhalofop-butyl of the method. The average recoveries of cyhalofop-butyl from fortified water and soil were in the range of 83.2-119.7% and 80.1-104.0%, respectively. These data indicate that this method is a convenient analytical technique for monitoring cyhalofop-butyl in water and soil without purification steps.     

以米蛾卵为寄主繁殖玉米螟赤眼蜂的质量控制技术

以米蛾卵为寄主繁殖玉米螟赤眼蜂的质量控制技术包括：米蛾卵的清理和优选,优质种蜂的准备,接蜂过程的条件调控,生产用蜂的收集、清理和质量检测。     

电子辐照灭活小麦矮腥黑穗菌

电子射线辐照处理小麦矮腥黑穗菌冬孢子,5kGy的剂量可使冬孢子丧失萌发力失去活性.     

6-硫-6-烷硫基-12H-氯代双苯并[d,g][1,3,2]-二氧磷杂八环的合成

通过双- (2 -羟基 -氯代苯基 )甲烷 2与 P4S10 在三乙胺存在下的关环反应 ,得到了6 -硫 - 6巯基 - 12 H-氯代双苯并 [d,g][1,3,2 ]-二氧磷杂八环三乙胺盐 3,后者与卤代烷酯化得到了一系列 6 -硫 - 6 -烷硫基 - 12 H-氯代双苯并 [d,g][1,3,2 ]-二氧磷杂八环 4 ,测试并讨论了它们的1H和31P NMR数据。初步生物试验结果表明化合物 4对黄瓜霜霉病菌具有较好的抑制活性。     

Pyrethroid resistance in the cotton bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), in West Africa

The susceptibility of Helicoverpa armigera to pyrethroids has been investigated in West Africa by means of laboratory bioassays since 1985, the first year of widespread pyrethroid use. For some years, this survey has shown a tendency for the pest to become more tolerant to pyrethroids. During the 1996 growing season, farmers using calendar‐based spraying programmes reported control failures in various countries. The strong efficacy of cypermethrin on small larvae was confirmed in experimental plots, but the effect decreased quickly in successive instars. Bioassays performed on resistant strains revealed an increase in LD₅₀ that was related to different resistance mechanisms. Metabolic resistance (MFO) appears to be a possible primary mechanism of resistance to pyrethroids. Target modification (kdr) is involved to a small degree and esterases seem to appear only after additional selection pressure. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

Diuron mineralisation in a Mediterranean vineyard soil: impact of moisture content and temperature

BACKGROUND: The diuron‐mineralising ability of the microbiota of a Mediterranean vineyard soil exposed each year to this herbicide was measured. The impact of soil moisture and temperature on this microbial activity was assessed. RESULTS: The soil microbiota was shown to mineralise diuron. This mineralising activity was positively correlated with soil moisture content, being negligible at 5% and more than 30% at 20% soil moisture content. According to a double Gaussian model applied to fit the dataset, the optimum temperature/soil moisture conditions were 27.9 °C/19.3% for maximum mineralisation rate and 21.9 °C/18.3% for maximum percentage mineralisation. The impact of temperature and soil moisture content variations on diuron mineralisation was estimated. A simulated drought period had a suppressive effect on subsequent diuron mineralisation. This drought effect was more marked when higher temperatures were used to dry (40 °C versus 28 °C) or incubate (28 °C versus 20 °C) the soil. The diuron kinetic parameters measured after drought conditions were no longer in accordance with those estimated by the Gaussian model. CONCLUSION: Although soil microbiota can adapt to diuron mineralisation, its activity is strongly dependent on climatic conditions. It suggests that diuron is not rapidly degraded under Mediterranean climate, and that arable Mediterranean soils are likely to accumulate diuron residues. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Genetic diversity of the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii and development of a SCAR marker for this guava‐damaging species

The objectives of this work were to evaluate the genetic variability of Meloidogyne enterolobii by molecular markers, and develop species‐specific molecular markers for application in detection. Sixteen M. enterolobii isolates from different geographical regions (Brazil and other countries) and hosts were used in this study. The identification and purification of the populations were carried out based on isoenzyme phenotype. The DNA amplification of the intergenic region (IGS) of the rDNA and of the region between the cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII) and 16S rRNA genes (mtDNA) produced specific fragments of the expected size for this nematode, i.e. 780 and 705 bp, respectively. Intraspecific variability among the isolates was evaluated with three different neutral molecular markers: AFLP, ISSR and RAPD. The results showed a low level of diversity among the isolates tested, indicating that M. enterolobii is a genetically homogeneous root‐knot nematode species. The RAPD method allowed the identification of a species‐specific RAPD fragment for M. enterolobii. This fragment was cloned and sequenced, and from the sequence obtained, a set of primers was designed and tested. The amplification of a 520‐bp‐long fragment occurred only for the 16 isolates of M. enterolobii and not for the 10 other Meloidogyne species tested. In addition, positive detection was achieved in a single individual female, egg‐mass and second stage juvenile of this nematode. This SCAR species‐specific marker for M. enterolobii represents a new molecular tool to be used in the detection of this nematode from field samples and as a routine diagnostic test for quarantine devices .