旋转式钵苗栽植机构多目标参数优化与试验

为了方便快捷地得到旋转式钵苗栽植机构的最佳参数,提出了旋转式钵苗栽植机构作业时实现理想栽植应满足的条件,包括栽植嘴运动学特性(轨迹、姿态、速度)、挖出穴口的几何特性、栽植机构避免干涉和非圆齿轮的保凸性要求。根据这些要求,以偏心-椭圆齿轮行星轮系栽植机构为研究对象,建立其11个子目标函数,并应用模糊理论,将多目标优化问题转化为单目标优化问题进行求解,得到满足理想栽植要求的参数,然后进行结构设计、虚拟仿真、试验台加工和模拟田间栽植试验,验证了该栽植机构的高立苗率和优化模型的正确性。该优化模型的建立和求解克服了栽植机构传统参数设计时采用仿真软件进行试凑的缺点,提高了优化效率。     

荠菜中黄酮类化合物提取工艺的研究

野生荠菜黄酮含量较高,但因其采收季节短,无法充分利用其自然资源,本文旨在采收季节,大量采收,将其烘干、贮存,并对其黄酮类化合物进行提取,在他人研究的基础上,只用乙醇做提取溶剂,对其影响因素、乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间、料液比进行单因素实验,在单因素基础上进行正交实验设计,筛选出最佳提取条件及提取工艺。结果表明:其提取条件为乙醇浓度85%,提取温度80℃,料液比20∶1,浸提时间1 h提取效果最佳。     

莴苣花叶病毒病的研究Ⅰ。病原鉴定

 由山东济南和泰安两市郊区大面积受害的莴苣(Lactuca sativa L.var.asparagina L.)上分离到一株病毒。莴苣上症状为系统花叶,畸型和褐色斑点。人工接种,在昆诺阿藜和苋色藜上产生局部枯斑和系统症状,千日红上呈不规则斑块,不侵染普通烟、心叶烟、曼陀罗、豇豆、菜豆和黄瓜。传毒试验证明经汁液和蚜虫传播,种子带毒。病毒稀释限点5×10^-1~5×10^-2;失活温度55~60℃;体外保毒期(22~23℃)24小时,经有机溶剂澄清,聚乙二醇沉淀和差速离心可部分提纯。病毒粒子线状,长约750毫微米;病组织超薄切片可见风轮状内含体。试管沉淀法初步测定与马铃薯Y病毒血清呈阳性反应。     

Effect of tetrandrine on radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells

AIM: To investigate the mechanism of the radiosensitizing effect of maximum non-cytotoxic doses of tetrandrine (Tet) on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines CNE1 and CNE2.METHODS: The cells were treated with ma-ximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet (for CNE1 cells at 1.5 μmol/L and for CNE2 cells at 1.8 μmol/L), irradiation at 4 Gy, or combination of irradiation and maximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet. The cell cycle distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry. The protein levels of γ-H2AX, cleaved caspase-3, p-CDC25C, CDK1, p-CDK1, cyclin B1, ERK and p-ERK were determined by Western blot.RESULTS: The expression of γ-H2AX was increased in CNE1 cells and CNE2 cells after combined treatment with irradiation and maximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet. The percentages of CNE1 cells and CNE2 cells at G₂/M phase in irradiation group were (18.09±0.42)% and (18.48±1.32)%, respectively, which were decreased to (15.88±1.04)% and (13.80±0.82)% in combined treatment group, respectively (P<0.05). Combined treatment enhanced the increase in the protein level of cleaved caspase-3 caused by irradiation. The protein levels of p-CDC25C and p-CDK1 were increased in a dose-dependent manner by Tet treatment (P<0.05), while the expression of CDK1 showed no difference among different doses of Tet treatments. The protein levels of p-CDC25C, p-CDK1 and CDK1 showed no difference after the treatment with maximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet. The combined treatment with irradiation and the maximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet decreased the protein levels of p-CDC25C and p-CDK1 (P<0.05), increased the expression of cyclin B1, and had no influence on the expression of CDK1 (P<0.05). The combined treatment resulted in an increase in the protein level of p-ERK1 (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The maximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet enhance the DNA damage and apoptosis in CNE1 cells and CNE2 cells caused by irradiation, and the mechanism might be associated with ending of G₂/M arrest via activation of ERK/CDC25C/CDK1/cyclin B1 pathways.     

PSITTACINE SKULL RADIOGRAPHY

The psittacine skull is a complex anatomic structure, frequently traumatized but difficult to adequately image with standard radiographic procedures. Multiple views including a ventrodorsal, a lateral, and complementary oblique projections are necessary to fully evaluate potential skull fractures in the avian patient. Magnification radiography is a relatively easy procedure that aids the review of small osseous structures. Familiarity with psittacine skull anatomy greatly facilitates radiographic interpretation of cranial trauma.     

大钟岭水库氮磷营养盐季节变化及其与水质的关系

通过对大钟岭水库进行为期1年的水质和生态系统的调查,发现氮磷营养盐的浓度变化具有明显的季节性,即秋冬季营养盐浓度为全年最高,夏季受降雨影响为全年营养盐浓度最低;总磷和叶绿素a浓度具有很强的相关性,是浮游植物的首要限制性因子;总氮和叶绿素浓度有一定的相关性;叶绿素浓度和透明度有很强的负相关性;总磷、总氮含量受季节影响比较大,叶绿素浓度由于受营养盐浓度的影响而发生相应的变化。     

多孔毛管温室冠层空间热风增温实验

为研究微孔散热条件下,多孔毛管沿程温度分布规律、温室冠层以下空间的垂直温度梯度及其与主要影响因素之间的关系,构建了多孔毛管温室空间热风增温实验系统。对多孔毛管进行保温围护,以毛管进口温度、进风压力、出风孔径等为实验参数,采集毛管前端孔口、中间孔口与末端孔口围护空间内温度数据,分析其在毛管沿程方向上和垂直空间内的分布规律。实验结果表明,毛管沿程出风孔口围护空间温升略有降低;垂直空间内温升呈先上升后下降的驼峰状变化趋势。不同进口温度、进风压力条件下,构建的热风增温系统可以使围护空间内距地面800～1 200 mm高度空间内的温度升高2.5～6.2℃。     

银杏果热风干燥工艺参数响应面法优化

利用自制的热风干燥在线测试装置,对银杏果的热风干燥进行了试验研究,探讨了热风温度、热风速度及装载量对含水率、干燥速率的影响,通过响应面分析和逐步逼近法分析了热风温度、热风速度及装载量与干燥过程平均能耗、平均干燥速率、蛋白质保存率以及干燥后的感官品质之间的关系,建立了二次回归数学模型。并利用函数期望优化方法进行了多目标函数优化,确定了银杏果热风干燥的最佳工艺参数组合。结果表明,银杏果热风干燥过程中加速过程不明显,主要集中在恒速和降速的干燥阶段。其最佳工艺参数组合为:热风温度68℃、热风速度1.15 m/s、装载量15.58 kg/m2。此时平均能耗为11.86 kW.h/kg、平均干燥速率为9.77%/h、蛋白质保存率为90.30%、感官评分为8.57分。     

复合蛋白酶在即食海参加工中的应用

用复合蛋白酶处理盐渍海参,作为加工冻干即食海参的预处理样品,研究其酶处理最适工艺。试验结果表明,酶处理温度40℃,处理50 m in,水浸泡13 h,酶用量为肉重0.075%时,处理后的海参胶原蛋白溶解度(DD%)为(38.14±0.52)%,与水发海参接近[(39.34±0.47)%],口感达到最佳。从酶处理海参和盐渍海参的红外光谱分析可知,二者的营养成分无明显差异,达到生产冻干即食海参的要求。