4个紫花苜蓿品种对低温胁迫的生理响应及抗寒性评价

本研究选取'肇东'、'龙牧801'、'东农1号'、'敖汉'4种紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)作为研究对象,进行低温胁迫试验,通过对生理生化指标和叶片解剖结构的观测分析,综合比较了4种紫花苜蓿的抗寒性.结果表明:低温胁迫下,4种紫花苜蓿相对电导率、丙二醛含量、可溶性糖含量、游离脯氨酸含量、过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性与对照相比有所上升,其中'肇东'各个指标的上升幅度均最大.通过隶属函数综合分析得出,4种紫花苜蓿的抗寒性为'肇东'>'龙牧801'>'东农1号'>'敖汉'.通过观测4种苜蓿的解剖结构发现,抗寒性较强的'肇东'和'龙牧801'的叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度和海绵组织厚度小于抗寒性较弱的'敖汉',且细胞结构更为紧密.     

外源赤霉素GA3对偃麦草属植物种子萌发特性的影响

促进偃麦草属植物种子萌发是偃麦草属植物栽培草地成功建植的关键。通过不同浓度外源赤霉素 GA₃溶液(0、500、1 000、1 500 和 2 000 mg/L)对长穗偃麦草、中间偃麦草和偃麦草种子进行浸种处理,分析外源 GA₃对 3 种偃麦草属植物种子萌发及生理特性的影响。结果表明：随外源 GA₃处理浓度的增加,3 种偃麦草属植物种子发芽率和发芽势均显著提高,1 500 mg/L 是最适合打破种子休眠而萌发的浓度;GA₃浸种处理促进了 3 种偃麦草属植物种子胚根和胚芽的生长,提高了内源生长促进物质 IAA 和 GA₃ 含量,降低生长抑制物质 ABA 含量,且提高了胚芽的 POD 活性,降低了 MDA 含量。 1 500 mg/L 外源 GA₃浸种处理可较好地调控种子内源激素含量继而促进种子萌发,为偃麦草属植物种子高效生产和草地建植提供了理论依据。     

The Effect of Training on Yili Horse 1 600 m Test Results and Heart Rate Variability

【Objective】 The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of different training stages on the performance and heart rate variability(HRV) of Yili horses and to provide data for reference in the conditioning training of 1 600 m distance Yili horses.【Method】 Eight 3-year-old Yili horses (stallions) were selected as test subjects.A 3-month speed specific performance training program was conducted, and a speed test race was organized in the last week of each month of training, and HRV was collected before, immediately after, 0.5 h after, and 1 h after 1 600 m test race.Among them, the time-domain indexes included the mean of all R-R intervals (Mean RR), the standard deviation of all R-R intervals (SDNN), the mean heart rate (Mean HR), the root mean square of the difference between adjacent R-R intervals (RMSSD), the number of adjacent R-R intervals with a difference greater than 50 ms (NN50), and the percentage of adjacent R-R intervals with a difference greater than 50 ms to the total number of heartbeats (pNN50).Frequency domain metrics included very low frequency (VLF), low frequency power (LF), high frequency power (HF) and nonlinear metrics:standard deviation (Y) of all R-R-spacing (SD1), standard deviation (X) of all R-R-spacing (SD2).Consequently, the variability of HRV indexes in horses at different training stages was analyzed.【Result】 The race time in the post training period in 1 600 m speed test race of Yili horses was significantly lower than that in the early training period (P<0.05), and Mean RR, NN50 and pNN50 in the middle and post training periods were significantly lower than that in the early training period (P<0.05).Mean HR in the beginning of training was significantly lower than that in post training (P<0.05).VLF and LF in the end of training were significantly lower than that in the beginning of training (P<0.05).【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of this test, the HRV indexes of 1 600 m test race of Yili horses in different conditioning training stages were analyzed.The outcomes demonstrated that the types of neural activity in Yili horses at the beginning, middle and end of training presented some differences, showing changes of increased sympathetic excitability and decreased parasympathetic excitability, and the horses' athletic performance improved.Therefore, HRV could be considered as an effective tool to evaluate the training load and intensity of Yili horses during training.     

湖羊胚胎和精液超低温保存效果的评价

【目的】 检验长期保存在国家家畜基因库的湖羊冷冻胚胎和冷冻精液的质量,评价超低温冷冻保存技术保种的效果。【方法】 对保存于国家家畜基因库的冷冻胚胎（保存20年）和冷冻精液（保存20和30年）进行复苏,进行相应鉴定后分别进行胚胎移植和人工授精,同时以0年冷冻精液和新鲜精液为对照,测定其受胎率和后代的羔皮性能、生长性能及繁殖性能,检验保存效果。【结果】 本试验共解冻胚胎36枚,其中,A级胚胎22枚,B级胚胎7枚,C级胚胎5枚,D级胚胎2枚,冷冻胚胎复苏利用率达到94.44%（34/36）,A级胚胎率达到61.11%（22/36）,移植34枚,产羔17只,冷冻胚胎复苏移植产羔率达50.00%;保存30年的冷冻精液复苏后平均精子活力达35%,受胎率为58.57%,平均产羔1.90只;保存20年冷冻精液复苏后平均精子活力达31%,受胎率为53.66%,平均产羔1.95只;胚胎复苏移植羊、30和20年冷冻精液后代体型外貌鉴定均符合纯种湖羊特征,没有畸形个体;羔羊一级羔皮率分别是31.25%、42.03%和23.81%,保持了当年湖羊的羔皮特性;生长发育及繁殖性能与现有湖羊群体性能基本保持一致。【结论】 利用超低温冷冻技术长期保存湖羊冷冻胚胎和冷冻精液的方法是可行的,对地方品种保种具有重要意义。     

肠道紧密连接及调控通路研究进展

紧密连接是广泛存在于上皮细胞之间的一种黏连复合物,与黏附连接、间隙连接和桥粒共同构成上皮细胞连接复合体,在细胞旁途径发挥重要作用.作为肠屏障的重要组成部分,紧密连接不断受到外界刺激(如病原体、细胞因子、药物、缺血、缺氧等)的威胁,它们能通过影响紧密连接的定位、表达或紧密连接蛋白的磷酸化或去磷酸化,介导多个信号通路来改变...     

饲料添加怀山药对鲤生长、肠屏障及肠道菌群的影响

为研究饲料添加怀山药对鲤生长、肠屏障及肠道菌群的影响,本试验在基础饲粮中分别添加0（对照）、1%和2%的怀山药,选择健康状况良好的180尾鲤[（75.25±1.45） g],随机分为3组,每组3个重复。饲养8周后检测其生长性能、肠道酶活性、肠组织形态、肠道防御屏障相关基因表达以及肠道内容物短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）含量和肠道菌群的变化。结果显示：1）与对照组相比,添加怀山药对鲤生长性能无显著影响（P>0.05）,但可以增加肠微绒毛密度和完整性,增加杯状细胞数量、肠道黏膜褶皱数量和肠绒毛高度,从而改善鲤肠道组织结构,提高吸收表面积。2）与对照组相比,怀山药组肠道组织过氧化氢酶（CAT）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性增强（P>0.05）,白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)基因相对表达量显著升高（P<0.05）,转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)、闭合蛋白（Occludin）、紧密连接蛋白-1(ZO-1)和Toll样受体4(TLR4)基因相对表达量也显著上调（P<0.05）。3）肠道菌群高通量测序结果表明,在门水平上,梭杆菌门、变形菌门和拟杆菌门是鲤肠道的优势类群。与对照组相比...     

论有机畜牧业之发展

本文论述了有机畜牧业产生的背景,并明确了有机畜牧业的内涵。通过分析国外有机畜牧业发展历程、认证标准,着重探讨我国发展有机畜牧业的优势和必要性,并给出了切实可行的建议和思路。     

Study on Expression Difference of IGFBP-5 Gene in Different Tissues of Kazakh and Yanqi Horses

The study aimed to explore the mRNA expression pattern of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) gene in different tissues of Kazakh and Yanqi horses.The expression of IGFBP-5 gene in different tissues of heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,small intestine,large intestine,cecum,intercostal muscles,longissimus dorsi muscles,brachialis muscle and gluteus in two horses were detected by Real-time quantitative PCR and compared the mRNA expression in the same tissues of two breeds.The results showed that the expression of IGFBP-5 in longissimus dorsi muscle and brachialis muscle of two breeds were significantly higher than other tissues including heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,small intestine,large intestine and cecum (P<0.05),and was the lowest in large intestine.The expression of IGFBP-5 in kidney,small intestine,large intestine,cecum,longissimus dorsi muscle and brachialis muscles of Yanqi horse were higher than in the same part of Kazakh horse,and among those in longissimus dorsi muscle and large intestine of Yanqi horse were extremely significantly higher than in the same part of Kazakh horse (P<0.01),and in small intestine and cecum of Yanqi horse were significantly higher than in the same part of Kazakh horse (P<0.05).The test was for further researching the biological function of IGFBP-5 gene,and it could provide a theoretical basis for genetic improvement of production performance of horse in our country.     

不同稻秸基质处理对高羊茅无土草皮成坪天数及坪用价值的影响

 运用五因素二次正交旋转组合设计法,研究不同处理稻秸基质（处理Ⅰ：稻秸＋ 猪粪便＋ 秸秆腐熟剂;处理Ⅱ：稻秸＋猪粪便;处理Ⅲ：稻秸＋ 尿素＋ 秸秆腐熟剂;处理Ⅳ：稻秸＋ 尿素）和不同基质厚度（１０,１５,２０,２５ 和３０ｍｍ）对草皮成坪天数的影响。结果表明,对成坪天数影响最大的是处理Ⅰ基质,其次是基质厚度,再者是处理Ⅲ基质,其他２种基质对成坪天数的影响最小。在坪用价值为限定条件下,得出最优基质组合,其配比为处理Ⅰ 为６００ｇ,处理Ⅱ为６００ｇ,处理Ⅲ 为０ｇ,处理Ⅳ 为６００ｇ,基质厚度为２０ ｍｍ,成坪时间为３６．３３ｄ,坪用价值权重值为１０８．６１。     

石房蛤毒素单克隆抗体的制备及其特性研究

将石房蛤毒素（Saxitoxin,STX）与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)偶联构建完全抗原STX-BSA,免疫BALB/c小鼠,通过杂交瘤技术获得1株稳定分泌抗STX单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,单抗亚类为IgM。体内诱生法收集腹水单抗,间接ELISA方法测定抗体效价为1∶102400,抗体亲和常数为3.71×106 L/mol。