“红阳”猕猴桃采后存放过程中的品质变化

以云南曲江栽培的“红阳”猕猴桃为试材,同期从市场上购买“黄金果”“楚红”“徐香”“亚特”4个品种作为对照,对存放过程中的果实硬度、可溶性固形物、维生素C、黄酮、还原糖、总糖、总酚等指标进行测定,以研究“红阳”猕猴桃存放过程中的品质变化。结果表明:存放期间,与口感相关的硬度、固形物、还原糖、总糖含量均呈下降趋势,而与功能相关的维生素C、总酚、总黄酮含量呈下降趋势,且中华系列品种“红阳”“楚红”“黄金果”的下降幅度较美味系列品种“徐香”“亚特”高,表明在中华猕猴桃系列品种的采后、销售过程中,冷链的采用非常必要,即使是在食用阶段,冰箱冷藏是避免有效组分降解的有效手段。结果同时表明,从营养、口感综合角度讲,当猕猴桃果实达到熟化食用阶段时,应尽快食用,否则会影响其营养价值。在未来的猕猴桃品质选育中除注重风味、口感指标外,培育高含量功能物质降解缓慢品质将是一个重点。此外,应加强储藏过程中避免有效保存功能物质的降解变化研究。     

Abrupt temperature change and a warming hiatus from 1951 to 2014 in Inner Mongolia,China

An abrupt temperature change and a warming hiatus have strongly influenced the global climate.This study focused on these changes in Inner Mongolia, China. This study used the central clustering method, Mann-Kendall mutation test and other methods to explore the abrupt temperature change and warming hiatus in three different temperature zones of the study region based on average annual data series.Among the temperature metrics investigated, average minimum temperature(Tnav) shifted the earliest,followed by average temperature(Tnv) and average maximum temperature(Txav). The latest change was observed in summer(1990 s), whereas the earliest was observed in winter(1970 s). Before and after the abrupt temperature change, Tnav fluctuated considerably, whereas there was only a slight change in Txav.Before and after the abrupt temperature change, the winter temperature changed more dramatically than the summer temperature. Before the abrupt temperature change, Tnav in the central region(0.322°C/10 a)and west region(0.48°C/10 a) contributed the most to the increasing temperatures. After the abrupt temperature change, Tnav in winter in the central region(0.519°C/10 a) and in autumn in the west region(0.729°C/10 a) contributed the most to the temperature increases. Overall, in the years in which temperature shifts occurred early, a warming hiatus also appeared early. The three temperature metrics in spring(1991)in the east region were the first to exhibit a warming hiatus. In the east region, Txav displayed the lowest rate of increase(0.412°C/a) in the period after the abrupt temperature change and before the warming hiatus,and the highest rate of increase after the warming hiatus.     

金合欢醇和烟碱对苹果黄蚜联合毒杀作用

以苹果黄蚜Aphis citricolavander Goot为试虫,对金合欢醇和烟碱的联合杀蚜活性进行了测定,以期为开发植物源杀蚜剂产品奠定基础。室内毒力测定采用微量点滴法;田间药效试验参照国家标准进行。金合欢醇和烟碱混用具有明显的杀蚜增效作用,在最佳质量配比（金合欢醇:烟碱=4.82:1）下,共毒系数（CTC）达151.63;经过对溶剂、表面活性剂等助剂的筛选,研制出6%烟碱·金合欢醇可溶液剂,配方为金合欢醇（5%）、烟碱（1%）、表面活性剂（10%）、溶剂（84%）,质量检测符合可溶液剂国家质量标准;田间药效试验表明,以126.0 g a.i./hm²常量喷雾,药后7 d对小麦上的麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae Fabricius和麦二叉蚜Schizaphis graminum（Rondani）混合种群的防效达87.80%,以115.5 g a.i./hm²常量喷雾,药后7 d对苹果黄蚜的防效在81%以上。可见,金合欢醇和烟碱复配具有显著的杀蚜增效作用,具有进一步开发潜力。     

西兰花植株残体还田对棉花黄萎病的防治效果及其安全性评价

本研究探讨了温室和田间试验条件下西兰花植株残体还田对棉花黄萎病的防治效果以及西兰花残体对棉花生长的安全性,以期为深入研究西兰花植株残体对棉花黄萎病的生态防治机制提供依据。将粉碎的西兰花植株残体与培养基质分别按1%、3%、5%、7%和14%处理混匀,在（28±2）℃条件下分别腐解7和30 d后种植棉花,测定其对棉花出苗率、株高的影响以及对黄萎病的防治效果。研究结果表明,当腐解时间为7 d,西兰花残体处理比例为1%和3%时,棉花出苗率与不添加西兰花残体的空白对照处理不存在显著差异,但对株高具有显著促生长作用,增幅分别为19.46%、42.41%和36.96%;西兰花残体添加比例为5%、7%和14%时,对出苗具有不同程度的抑制作用。当腐解时间为30 d时,上述各比例西兰花残体处理后的棉花出苗率和株高与空白对照之间差异不显著。西兰花残体处理显著降低了棉花黄萎病的发病率和病情指数,其21 d后的防治效果达到72.55%。田间试验表明,西兰花残体在棉花全生育期内对黄萎病的防治效果为43.06%。综合分析表明,西兰花残体的施入,促进了棉花生长,降低了黄萎病的发病率和病情指数,且在发病初期的防治效果优于后期。研究结果为深入研究西兰花残体防治棉花黄萎病的生态机制提供理论依据和技术指导,最终为棉花黄萎病的绿色防控和化学农药的减量提供了新途径和思路。     

烟草米根霉对6种杀菌剂的敏感性及菌株保存条件筛选

采用孢子萌发法测定了烟草上米根霉Rhizopus oryzae对6种杀菌剂 (代森锰锌、多菌灵、嘧霉胺、嘧菌酯、啶酰菌胺及氟啶胺) 的敏感性,并就其适宜的保存条件进行了筛选,同时采用离体叶片法测定了上述6种杀菌剂对烟叶霉烂病的防治效果。结果表明:6种杀菌剂对米根霉孢子萌发和烟叶霉烂病均表现出了不同的抑制活性。其中,抑制孢子萌发活性最为明显的是氟啶胺和啶酰菌胺,其EC₉₀值分别为0.67 和1.53 mg/L;其次为代森锰锌和嘧菌酯,15.16和17.66 mg/L;最弱为嘧霉胺和多菌灵,71.87和81.96 mg/L。对烟叶霉烂病防效最好的为嘧菌酯,50 mg/L处理的防效为85%;其次为啶酰菌胺,200 mg/L处理时防效为83%;氟啶胺的防效较差,1 000 mg/L处理时仅为48%;而代森锰锌、多菌灵和嘧霉胺在最高使用剂量 (分别为4 000、800和800 mg/L) 时防效均低于20%。病原菌保存方法筛选结果表明,保存后米根霉的孢子萌发率均发生了不同程度降低。其中,4 ℃保存于20%甘油组的孢子悬浮液萌发率为60%;4 ℃保存的孢子干样萌发率为36%;4 ℃保存的孢子悬浮液和 –20 ℃保存于20%甘油的孢子悬浮液萌发率均低于20%;20 ℃保存的孢子干样萌发率为11%;–20 ℃保存的孢子悬浮液萌发率为6%。研究结果可为烘烤期烟叶霉烂病防治和米根霉孢子的保存提供参考依据。     

Effect of proline-spirooxindole on viability and apoptosis of non-small-cell lung cancer A549 cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of proline-spirooxindole on the viability and apoptosis of human non-small-cell lung cancer A549 cells. METHODS:The effect of proline-spirooxindole on the viability of A549 cells was determined by CCK-8 assay. The apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. The effects of proline-spirooxindole on the expression of PARP and p53 and the phosphorylation of mTOR were determined by Western blot. RESULTS:After A549 cells were treated with proline-spirooxindole (25, 50 and 100 mg/L), the cell viability was decreased (P<0.01) compared with DMSO control group. The apoptotic rate was increased compared with DMSO control group (P<0.01). The protein expression of p53 was up-regulated, the increased apoptotic protein cleaved PARP was observed, and the phosphorylation of mTOR was inhibited (P<0.01). CONCLUSION:Proline-spirooxindole inhibits the viability of A549 cells and induces apoptosis, which may be related to the phosphorylation of mTOR.     

Research progress on autophagy in treatment of glioma

Autophagy is a transport pathway from the cytoplasm to the lysosome, which is a major intracellular degradation/recycling system ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells. Autophagy regulation has achieved some gratifying results in the treatment of glioma. It is currently an exciting field of clinical development. In chemotherapy or radiotherapy, autophagy-related drugs are currently used in vitro and in vivo for treating tumors with significant effects. Autophagy inducers and inhibitors may potentially block tumor formation and enhance the anti-cancer immune response. A more comprehensive understanding of the role of autophagy in different stages of glioma development may guide the development of new therapeutic strategies.     

青海八里桥绿萝卜品种提纯复壮技术

为解决八里桥绿萝卜由于长期种植导致部分地区品种退化的问题,通过长期的生产实践,采用原种提纯复壮、良种生产、栽培管理等综合技术,实现了品种的提纯复壮,对维持青海八里桥绿萝卜品种的特殊品质具有重要意义。     

辣椒新品种博辣艳丽的选育

博辣艳丽是以XL2016-105为母本,以SJ07-24为父本选育而成的一代杂交辣椒新品种。表现中熟,第1花着生节位11～13节,果形长线形且顺直,果长28 cm左右、宽2.0 cm左右,单果质量32 g左右,青果深绿色,光泽度好,老熟果鲜红色;香辣味浓厚,皮薄肉脆,鲜食风味佳;干物质含量高,剁制和酱制加工性能好;坐果集中且连续挂果能力强,667m~2总产量达3959.8kg;商品性好,易栽培,抗病抗逆能力强,适应性广。适宜长江流域地区春夏季保护地或露地栽培;适合鲜椒供应基地或剁制酱制加工基地高产栽培。