水稻白叶枯病抗性杂种优势

 本试验采用双列式杂交方法,观察了以IR₂₆、IR₃₆等为代表的抗性品种的杂交优势。结果表明:杂交组合F₁代在分蘖末期抗性无优势,穗期抗性优势明显;F₂代两期鉴定正负向均有优势;F₁和F₂代均表现出正负向完全显性,部份显性,少数组合无显性。其中大都属于部份显性。优势指数分析也证明,对抗性亲本,优势指数d ≥ 1;对感病亲本,优势指数d<1。抗感品种杂交,其子代的抗性一般界于双亲值之间。这种优势可依亲本的抗性进行预测。     

新疆鬣蜥繁殖习性的研究

新疆鬣蜥Aga ina stoliczkana (Blanford)主要分布在塔里木盆地的边缘地区,1988年4—7月、9—10月,笔者在阿克苏农一师五团对其进行了野外定点观察,逐月共解剖标本80条,89年4月在室内解剖32条,合计112条(雌性58条、雄性54条),记录精巢、卵巢发育情况,将固定的精巢,做成石蜡切片,并结合人工饲养观察,对新疆鬣蜥繁殖进行了研究。     

稻瘟病菌菌株在寄主上的相互作用研究

作者采用常规的组织分离、单孢分离、孢子培养和接种的方法,研究了稻瘟病菌菌株在14个品种秧苗上的相互作用。结果表明,所有不同来源的单孢菌株间、集团菌株间在中等抗性品种上均有各种类型相互作用。从简化鉴定工作程序和接近病菌在大田存在互作的实际出发,作者建议以不同地区和不同品种的集团菌株混合接种,测定育种早稻材料的抗病性。     

三七根腐病病原菌分离、接种和药剂试验

 三七(Panax pseudo-ginseng Wall.var.notoginseng (Burkill Hoo&Tseng)是名贵药用植物,为我国特产,三七根腐病是云南三七生产中带有毁灭性的病害。     

黄河流域农业持续发展中的生态环境问题

黄河流域大部分地区地处半干旱，半温润偏旱地带，生态环境十分脆弱，本文分析、评价了黄河流域农业持续发展中的主要生态环境问题及其建设成就，并讨论了良化生态环境的一些基本对策。     

桃树的一种新病害——桃树红叶病毒病

 桃树"红叶病"据了解早在1964年前后在北京市的个别桃园个别植株的局部枝上已有发生,病因不明,群众称之为"红叶病"。近年危害加剧,已引起生产者的关注。     

水稻紫杆病植株体内若干生物化学变化

本试验供试水稻样品的采集田,系经采用塔氏器Tullgren apparatus烤螨法;50％乙醇浸泡法和直接剥检法等检查证实,其叶鞘内侧不存在趺线螨Tarsonemus spp.或狭趺线螨Steneotarsonemus spp.为害,而且在其典型的水稻紫杆病株上,能分离到Acrocylindrium sp.等病原真菌。这些病,健株体内多种有机物成分的测定揭示,水稻紫杆病株体内有机物含量的改变,也呈现一般侵染性病害共有的若干病理现象。所测水稻紫杆病植株,其体内多种游离氨基酸,例如亮氨酸Leu、异亮氨酸Ile、苯丙氨酸Phe、缬氨酸Val、酪氨酸Tyr、丙氨酸Ala、谷氨酸Glu、丝氨酸Set、门冬氨酸Asp、门冬酰氨Ash、组氨酸His等11种氨基酸的含量普遍减少;而可溶性糖、糖苷酯、脂肪酸、木质素、多酚类等有机物含量普遍增加。其中以游离氨基酸的减少、木质素和脂肪酸的增加,尤为显著。试验结果对水稻紫杆病的病原性质及品种抗病性的可能机制,提供相关依据。     

Factors Affecting Latent Infection of Prune Fruit by Monilinia fructicola

ABSTRACT Experiments were conducted in three prune orchards in California. In each orchard, inoculations with Monilinia fructicola, the causal agent of brown rot of stone fruits, were performed on branches of trees at bloom and fruit developmental stages. Five inoculum concentrations were used in each inoculation. Six and four wetness durations were created for each inoculum concentration at bloom and fruit developmental stages, respectively. Fruit were harvested 3 weeks before commercial harvest. The overnight freezing incubation technique was used to promote sporulation and to determine incidence of latent infection (ILI) of fruit brown rot. No differences in ILI among locations were found. A seasonal pattern of bloom and fruit susceptibility to latent infection was determined. Susceptibility to latent infection at bloom stage was at a moderate level and increased to reach the highest level at pit hardening stage. Subsequently, fruit susceptibility to latent infection decreased, reaching the lowest level in early June at embryo growth stage. Thereafter, the susceptibility increased again with fruit development and maturity until harvest. Linear relationships between ILI and inoculum concentration were obtained for most combinations of growth stage and wetness duration. Incidence of latent infection increased linearly with increased wetness duration at bloom stage and increased exponentially with increased wetness duration at early and late fruit developmental stages. The optimum temperatures for latent infection at pit hardening stage ranged from 14 to 18 degrees C, but the effect of temperature on latent infection was reduced at resistant stages. The temperature range favorable to latent infection varied for different wetness durations.     

Risk Analysis for Latent Infection of Prune by Monilinia fructicola in California

ABSTRACT The quantitative relationships between incidence of latent infection (ILI) of prune by Monilinia fructicola and wetness duration (WD) for different bloom and fruit developmental stages and different inoculum concentrations were obtained. Three levels of ILI were considered as criteria for low, moderate, and high risks of latent infection, respectively. Seasonal patterns of WD leading to different risk levels of latent infection were obtained for low (IP(L)) and high (IP(H)) inoculum potential conditions in orchards. Longer WD was needed at a resistant than at a susceptible fruit developmental stage to induce similar levels of latent infection. The curves of WD leading to different levels of ILI over the growing season (risky WD curves) were used in risk analysis for latent infection. Multi-year historical WD data from 10 prune-growing locations in California were compared with risky WD curves. The percentage of days (P) with WD leading to a certain risk level of latent infection was calculated for each month from historical weather data. Under the IP(L) condition, the P distributions for low risk of latent infection were higher in March and April than in May and were the lowest in June for most locations. Under the IP(H) condition, the number of days that WD leading to low risk of latent infection in May increased compared with those under the IP(L) condition. The risk analysis approach was evaluated by using separate experimental data as incidence of fruit brown rot obtained from different prune orchards over years. Consistency between predicted overall risk levels of latent infection and observed incidence of fruit brown rot was obtained. The results demonstrated the usefulness of the risk analysis in decision support system for disease management.     

Effect of bone marrow stem cell transplantation on mdx mice at different ages

AIM: To study the effect of bone marrow stem cell transplantation on mdx mice at different ages. METHODS: The bone marrow stem cells of C57BL/6 mice (4-to-weeks age) were cultured in vitro for 3 days, then injected intravenously into the 6-week and 8-week aged mdx, which were preconditioned with 7 Gy γ ray. 12 weeks after being transplanted, the mdx mice were studied for the dystrophin protein expression on the skeletal muscle membrane. RESULTS: Three months after transplanted with bone marrow stem cells, about 16% and 7% muscles cells in 6-week and 8-week mdx mice expressed dystrophin protein， respectively. CONCLUSION: 12 weeks after transplantation with bone marrow stem cells of homologous series mice, different amounts of dystrophin protein expressed on the membrane of skeletal muscle cells were observed in different aged mdx mice. Bone marrow stem cell transplantation show more benefic effect for younger mdx mice.