Genetic selection for enhanced bioavailable levels of iron in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seeds

The bioavailability of Fe from 24 select genotypes of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seeds containing a range of concentrations of Fe, myo-inositol pentaphosphate plus phytic acid (IP5+IP6), and tannins was studied using a rat model. Bean accessions, selected from field trials for their variations in Fe, phytate, and tannin seed concentrations, were grown in a greenhouse in nutrient solutions radiolabeled with (59)Fe. Mature seeds were autoclaved and lyophilized. Test meals (containing 1 g of dried bean, 0.5 g of sucrose, and 1 g of basal Fe-deficient diet) were fed to marginally Fe-depleted weanling rats over a 3-h period; rats were radioassayed in a gamma-spectrometer immediately after feeding and daily thereafter for the next 10 d. Radioiron retention data were used to calculate percent Fe absorption (i.e., Fe bioavailability) from the meals. Seed Fe concentrations ranged from 52 to 157 microg g(-)(1) dry weight. There was a tendency to also select for higher Zn concentrations in the beans when selecting for high Fe concentrations. The Fe bioavailability to rats from test meals depended on the genotype and varied from 53% to 76% of the total Fe. Bean genotypes with higher seed Fe concentrations resulted in increased amounts of bioavailable Fe to rats. There was no significant correlation between the Fe concentration in different bean genotypes and Fe bioavailability to rats attributable to variations in IP5+IP6 or tannins, even though these antinutrients varied widely (i.e., from 19.6 to 29.2 micromol of IP5+IP6 g(-)(1) and from 0.35 to 2.65 mg of tannins g(-)(1)) in the test meals. Other unknown seed factors (i.e., antinutrients or promoter substances) may be contributing factors affecting Fe bioavailability from bean seeds.     

重庆市城乡要素流动赋能乡村多元价值实现机制

准确认知城乡要素流动赋能乡村多元价值实现机制，既能激发乡村内生动力又能确保农民持续增收，对于建设宜居宜业和美乡村具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。该研究以城乡界面间要素流动的吸纳、融合和冲突作用为介质，解析城乡要素流动与乡村多元价值实现的逻辑关联，以重庆市为研究区，分别构建指标体系测度城乡要素流动和乡村多元价值实现，进而解析其相关关系以理清其赋能过程与实现机制，结果表明：1）城乡要素人口流动、资源转移和社会互动综合作用赋能乡村多元价值，表征为供给价值、调节价值、传承价值和服务价值的实现，其中人口流动是核心，资源转移是重点，社会互动是动力；2）重庆市乡村多元价值实现程度总体上呈正态分布，其中，人口流动对供给价值和调节价值具有正向促进作用、对传承价值具有反向抑制作用，相关系数分别为0.40、0.37、-0.56；资源转移对供给价值、调节价值和服务价值具有正向促进作用，相关系数分别为0.31、0.37、0.39；社会互动对调节价值、服务价值具有正向促进作用、对传承价值具有反向抑制作用，相关系数分别为0.42、0.46、-0.57；3）针对重庆市城乡人口流动频繁、资源转移和社会互动较少的现实情景，从以县域为重要载体构建新型城乡关系、全要素流动为核心的要素自由流动制度性通道、高质量提升乡村价值实现能力3个层次提出了加快乡村价值实现的路径。     

转变经营机制 拓宽产业领域 做大做强县域林业经济

以吉林省蛟河市林业局为例,论述了地方林业局要做大做强县域经济,必须深化改革,转变现有体制机制,才能激发产业发展的活力和动力,从而发挥林业多种资源、多种功能的巨大潜力,使林业经济持续健康发展。     

在干旱和正常水分条件下玉米穗部性状QTL分析

穗部性状与产量密切相关,因此对其进行遗传剖析可为玉米高产育种提供理论基础,尤其是对干旱胁迫下的稳产有重要意义。本研究以玉米骨干亲本黄早四分别与自交系掖478和齐319进行杂交,构建了两套F_2:3群体(分别记为Y/H和Q/H)。在正常水分灌溉和干旱胁迫下对穗长、穗粗、轴粗、穗行数、行粒数、穗粒重和穗重等7个穗部性状进行了表型鉴定,采用基于混合线性模型的单环境分析和相同处理水平的联合分析方法进行了QTL分析。结果表明,在干旱胁迫下,2个群体的亲本及F_2:3家系的各性状值均低于正常水分条件,且穗粒重与穗长、穗重、穗粗呈正相关。在干旱胁迫下和正常水分条件下,通过两种检测方法共定位到75个玉米穗部性状QTL,其中Y/H群体共定位了20个QTL,分布在第1、第2、6、第5、第7、第10染色体上;Q/H群体共定位了55个QTL,分布在第2、第3、第4、第5、第6、第7、第9、第10染色体上;但是在干旱条件下两群体分别只检测到4个和19个QTL,明显低于正常水分条件下检测到的QTL数目。通过联合分析只检测到3个QTL与环境发生显著互作和6对QTL存在上位性互作效应,说明玉米穗部性状的遗传基础较为复杂。同时还发现,Y/H群体在正常灌溉与干旱条件下检测到2个一致性的QTL,分别是qKRE1-5-1和qKRE1-7-1,对表型变异解释的变化范围是6.15%~19.48%;Q/H群体检测到3个一致性QTL,分别是qKRE2-5-1、qGW2-10-1和qKRE2-3-1,对表型变异解释的变化范围是7.14%~16.65%,说明这些QTL受环境影响较小,能够稳定遗传,可以作为分子标记辅助选择的候选区间应用于玉米穗部性状抗旱性改良。     

金钱草提取液化学组分的GC—MS分析及在卷烟加香中的应用

应用挥发油蒸馏器萃取金钱草提取液,采用气相色谱—质谱分析技术(GC-MS)分析了金钱草提取液的成分和相对含量。对金钱草提取液在卷烟中进行了添加试验,发现添加于烟草薄片中可以改善其口感,起到生津止渴的作用,以达到除杂、减刺和增香的目的,从而提高和改善薄片的品质和使用价值。     

浅谈我国肉类加工企业在发展冷链物流中的现状

冷链物流是保证肉类食品质量安全和提高人们生活水平的重要保障。结合国内外冷链物流的发展情况,分析了我国肉类加工企业在冷链物流体系中应承担的责任和起到的作用,提出我国在完善冷链管理的法律法规和行业标准的同时,肉类加工企业应该注重人才培养和设备的投入,建立完善的冷链物流体系,促进行业发展。     

新型鲜切果蔬杀菌技术研究进展

鲜切果蔬是一种新型的安全、绿色、环保的果蔬产品,符合现代社会对健康食品的要求,有很大的发展前景。杀菌是保证鲜切果蔬品质安全的重要环节,目前应用最多还是含氯杀菌剂,但因其含有诸多弊端,因此新型的替代杀菌技术得到了广泛的研究。从新型化学杀菌技术、物理杀菌技术和生物杀菌技术3方面,系统总结了近些年出现的取代含氯杀菌剂的新型鲜切果蔬杀菌技术,阐述了新型杀菌技术的杀菌效果及其优缺点,并对其未来的应用前景进行了展望。     

西瓜和甜瓜的SSR引物对三种瓜类作物的通用性分析

利用西瓜的1 824对SSR引物和甜瓜的259对SSR引物,对丝瓜、冬瓜和苦瓜的DNA进行了PCR扩增,分析了西瓜和甜瓜SSR引物对三种瓜类作物扩增的通用性以及三种瓜类作物中不同类型之间的多态性.结果表明,西瓜和甜瓜SSR引物对丝瓜、冬瓜和苦瓜的DNA扩增通用性分别是15.31％、23.04％和14.74％.但是,在三...     

A simulated experiment on the high titanium slag rheological behavior

The rheological property of high titanium slag is a main factor to influence the vanadium titanomagnetite smelting in blast furnace. It plays a great role in discharging slag, separating iron and slag and even the life of blast furnace hearth. The acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene multipolymer(ABS) dense suspension is taken to simulate the system of high titanium slag. Apparent viscosity is measured by a NXS-11A rotating cylinder viscometer. The impact of temperature, volume fraction and particle sizes on the suspension apparent viscosity is studied. The results show that temperature and volume fraction have a strong influence on the suspension apparent viscosity, while the particle size has a weak effect. The suspension shows Bingham behavior within a wide concentration range. The dependence of the appear viscosity on temperature and amount of solid addition can be described by a binary function equation.     

An analysis of formation conditions for DBD transported charges of multineedle-to-cylinder

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) can produce homogenous discharge in normal temperature and atomsphere with low energy consumption, so it has broad development prospects in industrial applications. An experimental study is carried out to optimize the needles arrangement and supply parameters aiming at the multineedle-to-cylinder reactor with orthogonal design in combination with Lissajous figures. As it is konwn, the process of discharge is also the process of charge transfer; hence, the more charges are transported, the higher reaction efficiency in plasma is. The orthogonal design is established with transported charges as the goal factor, and supply voltage, supply frequency, needles length(NL), interneedle rotation angles(INRA) as factors. Variance analysis results show that the largest influence factor is supply voltage, followed by supply frequency; the electrode configuration of NL=(3.5+2) mm and INRA=45° matched with f=21 kHz makes transported charges per cycle biggest. The orthogonal experiment results are verified by further experiments, which is significant to improve the DBD plasma reaction efficiency.