甘蓝类作物抽薹期及开花期数量性状的研究进展

从甘蓝类作物抽薹开花期数量性状研究的历史、甘蓝类作物抽薹期开花期性状的传统遗传学研究、甘蓝类作物与其它十字花科抽薹期和开花期的分子标记研究及与其它十字花科作物的抽薹及开花期的比较作图研究等几个方面,概述了甘蓝类作物抽薹期与开花期等数量性状的研究进展,并对以后的研究方向提出了建议。     

大豆光合午休原因的分析

研究了大豆光合午休过程中有关生理生态因素与光合速率的函数关系，并对叶温、叶片-大气水汽压亏缺（VPD）、气孔导度与光合速率之间的关系进行了通径分析。结果表明在光合午休的13：00时与15：00时这两个时刻，光合速率与VPD、叶温和气孔阻力呈极显著负相关，15：00时光合速率随VPD和叶温上升而下降的速率要大于13：00时的下     

用RAPD和SSR分子标记鉴定小金海棠F1代 杂种实生苗的研究

小金海棠（Malus xiaojinensis）具有多种抗逆特性，是苹果属植物中一种珍贵的野生种质资源。由于小金海棠具有无融合生殖特性，早期准确、快速、有效地鉴定其F1代杂种实生苗对于研究利用其众多抗逆基因具有重要意义。RAPD技术是现有鉴定果树杂种实生苗最为简单、快速和有效的分子标记技术，但RAPD技术本身存在一定的不稳定性。笔者对小金海棠和山荆子（M. baccata）F1代杂交实生苗79个单株进行了RAPD分析，并用SSR标记对RAPD标记的初步鉴定结果进行了进一步的验证。结果显示，RAPD标记鉴定出的杂种实生苗有72.2%得到SSR标记的证实。研究的结果还表明，“叠加”和“新带”两种RAPD带型，结合RAPD标记特异位点数可以为小金海棠F1代杂种实生苗提供可靠的鉴定依据。研究为利用RAPD技术早期快速鉴定果树杂种实生苗提供了新的信息和依据。     

气候变化对北京地区小麦玉米两熟种植制度的影响

研究了北京地区小麦和玉米生产与气象条件的关系，并根据未来气候变化 的研究设计了气候情景，在此基础上讨论了未来气候化对小麦玉米一年二熟种植制度的影响。结果表明，温度升高对小麦和玉米生产有利，玉米产量的提高大于小麦；降水减少首先对小麦生产不利，当降水进一步减少时，对玉米生产也不利。     

栽培因子对棉花烂铃影响的数学模型研究

试验采用二次正交旋转组合设计，对安徽沿江棉区棉花的移栽密度、施氮量、施磷钾肥量、去早蕾数及喷缩节安量与棉花烂铃的关系进行了定性定量的研究，建立了棉花烂铃率和烂铃指数对５项栽培因子反应的数学模型，并对模型进行检验和解析。结果表明，模型极显著，并与实际相吻合，５项栽培因子对棉花烂铃存在显著或极显著的影响，同时因子间存在着互作效应。此模型可作为近似气候年份棉花烂铃的预测模式。     

湘西州植烟土壤有机质特征及与土壤养分的相关性研究

为深入了解湘西植烟土壤有机质含量区域特征,对湘西州488个烤烟主产区植烟土壤样品进行化验分析研究。结果表明:湘西州植烟土壤有机质总体上属适宜水平,平均值为2.2%,变幅为0.3%~5.4%,变异系数为39.9%,41.5%样本有机质处于适宜范围内,"缺乏"和"偏低"的植烟土壤样本共占43.5%,"丰富"和"偏高"的植烟土壤样本之和为15.0%,不同植烟土壤类型的有机质含量差异达极显著水平(P=0.000),水稻土黄棕壤黄壤红壤石灰土红灰土,总的来说,从东北部、西部和西南部向州中部及东南方向有机质减少。方差分析结果表明,有随海拔高度的升高而有机质含量增高的趋势,植烟土壤有机质与海拔为显著正相关(P=0.012),土壤有机质含量与全氮、全磷、有效硼的含量呈极显著相关(P值分别为0.0000、0.0098、0.0029),与有效硫、交换性镁、交换性钙含量呈显著相关(P值分别为0.036、0.019、0.042)。     

紧凑型玉米株型及生理特性研究

紧凑型玉米各叶片长度在茎杆上的空间分布呈近似纺锤型,叶角度较平展型小,叶向值也大,其受光姿态优于平展型.紧凑型米玉对CO_2同化强度、根系吸收强度比平展型大;硝酸还原酶活性比平展型高.紧凑型玉米具有体内氮素代谢旺盛,后期不早衰,籽粒灌浆快,粒重高,单株生产力大和适宜密植等优点.选育和推广高光效紧凑型玉米杂交种是今后玉米高产的主要途径.     

Characterization and genetic mapping of eceriferum-ym (cer-ym), a cutin deficient barley mutant with impaired leaf water retention capacity

The cuticle covers the aerial parts of land plants, where it serves many important functions, including water retention. Here, a recessive cuticle mutant, eceriferum-ym (cer-ym), of Hordeum vulgare L. (barley) showed abnormally glossy spikes, sheaths, and leaves. The cer-ym mutant plant detached from its root system was hypersensitive to desiccation treatment compared with wild type plants, and detached leaves of mutant lost 41.8% of their initial weight after 1 h of dehydration under laboratory conditions, while that of the wild type plants lost only 7.1%. Stomata function was not affected by the mutation, but the mutant leaves showed increased cuticular permeability to water, suggesting a defective leaf cuticle, which was confirmed by toluidine blue staining. The mutant leaves showed a substantial reduction in the amounts of the major cutin monomers and a slight increase in the main wax component, suggesting that the enhanced cuticle permeability was a consequence of cutin deficiency. cer-ym was mapped within a 0.8 cM interval between EST marker {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AK370363","term_id":"326489160","term_text":"AK370363"}}AK370363 and {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AK251484","term_id":"151420132","term_text":"AK251484"}}AK251484, a pericentromeric region on chromosome 4H. The results indicate that the desiccation sensitivity of cer-ym is caused by a defect in leaf cutin, and that cer-ym is located in a chromosome 4H pericentromeric region.     

The Deterioration of Eating and Cooking Quality Caused by High Temperature During Grain Filling in Early-Season indica Rice Cultivars

The effect of temperature during grain filling on eating and cooking quality of early-season indica rice was investigated by using four cultivars with different amylose content. Starting from flowering stage until maturity, the plants of all cultivars were subjected to two temperature treatments, referred as optimum (mean daily air temperature, 22 °C) and high (32 °C) temperature regimes. The results showed that the effect of high temperature on apparent amylose content and gel consistency in milled rice was cultivar-dependent. Under high temperature, amylose content increased for cv. Jiayu353 and remained little changed for cv. Guangluai4, which had intrinsically higher amylose content, and decreased for cv. Zhefu49 and cv. Jiazao935, which had lower amylose content. By contrast, high temperature reduced or kept stable gel consistency values for cultivars with higher amylose content and increased gel consistency values for those with lower amylose content. Moreover, high temperature significantly increased the gelatinization temperature of all cultivars. Pasting profiles and X-ray diffraction pattern of rice were also affected by temperature. The results suggest that high temperature during grain filling change the component and crystalline structure of starch and result in deterioration of eating and cooking quality for early-season indica rice.     

储藏对稻米淀粉结构及含量的影响

综述了储藏对稻米淀粉的含量及其结构影响。分析了稻米淀粉的结构，讨论了储藏对稻米直链淀粉和支链淀粉含量与结构的影响。在此基础上，提出加强储藏过程中稻米中支链淀粉和直链淀粉中不溶性组分的含量及其结构变化等的研究，将有利于解析储藏过程中稻米淀粉特性的变化及其对稻米品质的影响。