10个甘蔗品种染色体核型分析与比较

通过10个甘蔗品种的核型分析,研究其染色体组成系统演化和血缘构成的基本特征,为甘蔗育种选配亲本提供细胞学依据。以10个甘蔗品种的根尖为材料,采用改良的酶解去壁低渗法制备染色体标本,再利用Ikaros软件进行核型分析。‘粤糖86-368’的核型公式为2n=111=2M+103m+4sm+2T,‘桂糖11’的核型公式为2n=106=96m+10sm,这2个品种的核型分类均属于1B型;‘新台糖10’的核型公式为2n=108=98m+10sm,‘新台糖16’的核型公式为2n=111=4M+101m+6sm,‘新台糖20’的核型公式为2n=110=98m+10sm+2st,‘新台糖22’的核型公式为2n=110=2M+96m+12sm,‘粤糖93-159’的核型公式为2n=108=2M+88m+18sm,‘闽糖69-421’的核型公式为2n=109=95m+14sm,‘云蔗89-151’的核型公式为2n=111=91m+20sm这7个品种的核型分类均属于2B型;‘云蔗99-91’的核型公式为2n=108=84m+22sm+2st,核型分类属于2C型。研究结果说明,‘粤糖86-368’、‘桂糖11’这2个品种的进化程度都还比较原始;‘云蔗99-91’、‘云蔗89-151’进化程度最高;其余6个品种进化程度中等。     

Canopy leaf area and leaf mass in the upper stratum of Urochloa hybrid ‘Mavuno’ grass subjected to nitrogen fertilisation

Nitrogen (N) inputs are recognised to maximise herbage mass (HM) in tropical perennial grasses, whereas less is clear on their impact on HM distribution and the effects on leaf mass (LM) and leaf area index (LAI) in the upper stratum. This 2 year study, carried out in Pirassununga, Brazil, assessed the HM distribution in the upper (>20 cm) and lower (<20 cm) strata in Urochloa hybrid ‘Mavuno’ grass maintained under similar pre- and post-cutting canopy heights with contrasting N fertilisation rates applied after each cutting (no-nitrogen, 15, 30, and 45 kg N ha⁻¹). The relevance of specific leaf area (SLA), leaf N concentration (NLeaf), tiller weight (TW) and population density to the LM and LAI of the upper stratum were also examined. Mavuno grass expressed a stable HM < 20 cm (59%–71% during Year I and 66%–80% for Year II), and apparent N fertilisation impacts on HM > 20 cm were verified at specific regrowth cycles during Year II. Mavuno grass pastures expressed plasticity for adjustments on leaf, tiller and population attributes, which were modulated by both climatic conditions and N fertilisation. Under favourable growth conditions during Year I, fertilised pastures were able to sustain higher NLeaf and SLA but associated with lower TW, resulting in maximisation of LAI but not in LM in the upper stratum. During Year II, fertilised pastures expressed higher NLeaf, SLA, number of basal tillers, despite the lowest TW, which resulted in higher LAI and LM in the upper stratum compared with non-fertilised pastures. Our results highlighted that adjustments on leaf and population attributes within the canopy were driven to maximise the upper stratum LAI, being positively affected by N fertilisation.     

How deforestation drives stream habitat changes and the functional structure of fish assemblages in different tropical regions

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