水分胁迫对玉米幼苗几种生理生化指标的影响及其与抗旱性的关系

通过对67个玉米品种幼苗在—6.2巴水分胁迫条件下生理生化变化的研究证明:水分胁迫时,玉米幼苗叶片的水势下降、电解质渗漏率增加、脯氨酸含量增加,抗坏血酸含量减少。并且在一定水势以下,电解质渗漏率、脯氨酸变化率对数、抗坏血酸变化率均与水势在极显著水平相关。因此我们认为三者是玉米幼苗抗旱性的较好指标。随着水势的下降,三者都有一个发生变化的临界点,该点水势分别为:抗坏血酸为—8巴,电解质渗漏率为—9巴,脯氨酸为—10巴。这说明干旱对植株的损伤顺序为:活性氧增加,抗氧化剂减少,生物膜损伤;代谢发生调整。同时也说明三个指标对干旱的敏感性为:抗坏血酸>电解质渗漏率>脯氨酸。     

Effect of mixed protein schedules combined with choline and betaine on the growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Reducing feed cost has been a major issue in fish nutrition. Mixed protein schedules have been proposed as one of the methods successfully tested in many fish species to reduce feed cost. Meanwhile, the effect of dietary choline and betaine supplementation on fish performance was assessed. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of mixed protein schedules, combined with choline and betaine, on Nile tilapia performance. This experiment was conducted in a (4 × 3) factorial arrangement of treatments. Four mixed protein schedules were examined, in the presence of choline 0.3% and/or betaine 0.5%. The four mixed protein schedules were achieved by alternating diet (A; 31%CP) and diet (B; 24%CP) as follows: (6 days‐A), (5 days‐A/1 day‐B), (4 days‐A/2 days‐B) and (3 days‐A/3 days‐B). The results indicated that in the presence of betaine 0.5% and choline 0.3%, the optimal mixed protein schedule for tilapia was (3A/3B). Fish fed on the 4A/2B or 3A/3B schedules utilized protein more efficiently than fish fed on the (6A) schedule. Fish fed diets supplemented with betaine (b) only showed the highest energy retention. The lowest feed cost was recorded for fish fed on (3A/3B) in the presence of betaine 0.5% and choline 0.3% in fish diet.     

观赏桃辐射诱变育种研究初报

以观赏桃休眠枝条为试材,利用60Coγ射线对7个观赏桃品种分两批进行辐照,观察研究γ射线对观赏桃的诱变效应。结果表明:同一剂量辐照下,不同品种的观赏桃休眠枝条嫁接成活率差异很大,以菊花桃嫁接成活率最高;菊花桃随着辐照剂量的升高嫁接成活率出现降低趋势,其休眠枝条适宜辐照剂量为20～40Gy,变异率高达17.9%～19.1%。选育出了6个观赏价值较高的观赏桃变异新品系。     

Effects of irrigation interval and tillage systems on irrigated cotton and succeeding wheat crop under a heavy clay soil in the Sudan

A water crisis that occurs in Sudan during winter due to the competition for water to irrigate cotton (Gossipium barbadense L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and to produce hydroelectric power necessitates a search for efficient means and ways of conserving water. Tillage is one of the methods for soil moisture conservation. Experiments were conducted in Gezira, Sudan on a Vertisol to determine if tillage practices and the lengthening of irrigation interval beyond two weeks during the period October–February would conserve irrigation water and maintain cotton yields. The residual effects of cotton tillage systems on the following wheat were also evaluated. The cotton experiment was conducted in split plot design with three replications. Three irrigation treatments of two-, three- and four-week intervals during the period October–February were used as main plots. Six tillage treatments were used as split plots (combinations of disc ploughing, cultivator and ridging). Treatments were compared by measuring cotton plant height and yields. Significant decreases in cotton yield were found between the four-week, and the two- and three-week irrigation intervals. However, no significant differences in cotton yields between the two- and the three-week irrigation intervals were detected. The lengthening of irrigation interval from two to three weeks during the period of irrigation water crisis (October–February) would result in conservation of about 3000 m³ ha⁻¹ of irrigation water. This corresponds to about 600 000 000 m³ of water for the cotton irrigated area in the Sudan. Therefore, the three-week irrigation interval during the period October–February has the potential for water conservation for cotton production in Gezira Vertisols, with the use of economical shallow tillage. The tested deep and shallow cotton tillage treatments did not have residual effects on the following wheat crop.     

苎麻生长对土壤温度的影响

研究表明,苎麻生长发迹了５～２０ｃｍ土层的温度状况,缩小了不同季节的最高与最低温度值的变幅。苎麻地在９月至次年３月的早晨８：００,５～２０ｃｍ土层均具有升温效应,１０月升温最高１．１０℃;７～８月则有较强的降温效应,８月１０ｃｍ土层隆温最多,为１．６１℃。在下午１４：００,４～９月苎麻地小区５～２０ｃｍ土层表现显著的降温效应,高温的８月１０ｃｍ土层的降温值平均高达３．１９℃。苎麻地具有减少一年中土壤高于３０℃和低于５℃温度的天数和累积量。     

Nocardia farcinica--a significant cause of mastitis in goats in Sudan

Fifteen of 100 mastitic milk samples from goats suffering from mastitis were tentatively identified as members of the genus Nocardia on the basis of selected phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics. Six of the 155 strains were confirmed as Nocardia farcinica by 16S rDNA gene sequencing and subsequent aligning with relevant actinomycetes found in electronic databases and 2 by other identification criteria. N. farcinica is a serious cause of mastitis with a significant prevalence (15%) among the examined goats. Efforts are needed to optimise and simplify isolation and identification methods.     

A model for estimating how variability of biological parameters affects economic factors in an integrated turkey farm

Turkeys, as well as other poultry meat, are marketed as a healthier alternative to red meat. At the same time, the necessary investment in integrated turkey projects is 65% higher than for similar broiler projects. This explains the importance of rigorous evaluation of new turkey farms, including their sensitivity to biological parameters. We present a method of evaluating poultry projects that takes simultaneous variability of several biological parameters into account, using a bio-economic model, stochastic simulation, and an integrated turkey farm in Russia as a real-life example. The algorithm based on the Cholesky decomposition of the covariance matrix was used to generate a multivariate normal random vector of biological parameters. The bio-economic model takes into account simultaneous variability of major input biological parameters related to all stages of an integrated poultry farm: survival, hatchability, ratio of carcass weight to live weight, and number of eggs per layer. The highest variability of the output economic indices was estimated for internal rate of return: the coefficient of variation (CV) of this major economic index was approximately 240% of the CV of the input biological parameters. Such estimation can be used to analyze a project's economic risks, i.e., variability in production cost and profitability.     

氟氰菌酯合成的研究

采用后氟化路线,先合成了七个中间体,再与间-苯氧基苯甲醛反应,得到产物氟氰菊酯,性状与文献相符。     

汕优63制种中实效积温的应用及穗期预测数学模型的建立

提出了实效积温的概念，并确立了汕优６３制种生产中父母本实效积温的区间为１３～２６℃。根据扬州市红旗良种场连续３ａ的实践，以实效积温为主要依据安排播差是可靠的。还建立了实效积温为主要自变量预测父母本始穗期的数学模型。