分种盘排种性能正交试验研究

通过对分种盘排种性能的单因素试验,初步确定了排种性能的主要影响因素。为进一步验证所选因素对试验指标的影响程度,进行了分种盘排种性能的正交试验研究,通过对试验结果的极差和方差分析,得到了试验结果的最优组合,为分种盘结构参数设计和工作参数的选择提供了理论基础。     

内蒙古生态屏障建设与保护

文章在解释内蒙古生态屏障内涵的基础上,确定了内蒙古生态屏障区,并对各生态屏障内的生态环境现状进行了较为详尽地分析。根据内蒙古生态屏障内的生态环境组成特点,提出了各生态屏障类型的建设与保护意见。     

玉米籽粒的特征选择算法——基于支持向量机与遗传算法

在基于数字图像的玉米品种自动识别的研究中,寻找对识别贡献大的新特征项,对玉米品种识别率的提高具有十分重大的意义.把遗传算法和支持向量机算法相结合,设计了具体的基于支持向量机和遗传算法的玉米籽粒特征选择算法,利用这种算法优选提取出的玉米籽粒特征,从玉米籽粒的胚部和冠部的颜色特征与形状特征中找出了对玉米品种识别贡献较大的新特征.     

我国生物质能源发展现状与思考

分析了我国生物质能源技术的现状、发展趋势和存在问题,提出了发展对策和建议.我国生物质资源开发以有机废弃物和利用边际性土地种植的能源植物作为主要原料来源,从长远看,能源农业和能源林业是未来发展生物质能源的基础.我国生物质能现代技术研究和应用起步较晚,目前的开发利用总体水平较低,各种技术的成熟度和商业化水平极不均衡,必须坚持自主开发与引进消化吸收相结合的技术路线,充分掌握相关的核心技术,在一些关键性技术上取得突破.发展生物质能产业,我国应当走原料与产品多元化的道路,针对不同的技术路线和工艺过程,加强多学科交叉研究.     

基于虚拟仪器的谷物成分近红外检测仪设计与试验

结合近红外光谱分析技术和虚拟仪器技术,设计了多波段谷物成分近红外检测仪.该仪器采用漫反射原理,由光路系统、电路系统和软件系统组成.卤钨灯发出的全波谱光被调频后,由滤光片形成扫描光谱,然后被样品吸收漫反射后的近红外光由检测器接收并转换为电信号,经调理后最终被采集卡送入计算机中作进一步处理.在制备26个样品的基础上,进行了系统性能测试.试验结果表明,仪器的噪声水平低,重复性相对较差,对预测的准确度还不理想,通过多次重复装样检测平均值可提高准确性.该仪器可以用于测定谷物样品中的蛋白质、淀粉和脂肪等多种成分.     

基于夫琅和费暗线原理的太阳诱导叶绿素荧光

叶绿素荧光技术是探知植物生理状态及其与环境关系的理想方法.太阳诱导叶绿素荧光可以利用夫琅和费暗线原理进行提取.阐述了夫琅和费暗线探测自然光条件下光合作用荧光的基本原理和方法,以及波长760nm叶绿素荧光探测仪的光学系统、仪器硬件组成及其各部分功能、仪器的软件设计.通过与ASD地物光谱仪器的对比试验表明,研制的太阳诱导叶绿素荧光测量的数据与地物光谱仪测量的数据相关系数都大于0.9.基于夫琅和费暗线原理的太阳诱导叶绿素荧光探测仪器提供了一种低成本、实时测量作物冠层太阳诱导叶绿素荧光的方法和仪器.     

真空干燥条件对稻米食味品质的影

通过食味仪测量糙米理化指标数据,借鉴精米模型,利用系数重估法得出糙米主要成分含量与食味值的关系式.采用二次正交旋转组合设计方案,在控制干燥时间直至稻谷含水率达15%左右的基础上,建立了糙米食味值的数学模型.研究表明,干燥温度、初始含水率和真空度是影响稻米真空干燥食味品质的3个重要因素.对食味值的影响从大到小依次顺序为干燥温度、初始含水率、真空度,且前二者与食味值呈负相关,后者与之呈正相关.     

Soil compaction and forest floor removal reduced microbial biomass and enzyme activities in a boreal aspen forest soil

Soil enzymes are linked to microbial functions and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems and are considered sensitive to soil disturbances. We investigated the effects of severe soil compaction and whole-tree harvesting plus forest floor removal (referred to as FFR below, compared with stem-only harvesting) on available N, microbial biomass C (MBC), microbial biomass N (MBN), and microbial biomass P (MBP), and dehydrogenase, protease, and phosphatase activities in the forest floor and 0–10 cm mineral soil in a boreal aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) forest soil near Dawson Creek, British Columbia, Canada. In the forest floor, no soil compaction effects were observed for any of the soil microbial or enzyme activity parameters measured. In the mineral soil, compaction reduced available N, MBP, and acid phosphatase by 53, 47, and 48%, respectively, when forest floor was intact, and protease and alkaline phosphatase activities by 28 and 27%, respectively, regardless of FFR. Forest floor removal reduced available P, MBC, MBN, and protease and alkaline phosphatase activities by 38, 46, 49, 25, and 45%, respectively, regardless of soil compaction, and available N, MBP, and acid phosphatase activity by 52, 50, and 39%, respectively, in the noncompacted soil. Neither soil compaction nor FFR affected dehydrogenase activities. Reductions in microbial biomass and protease and phosphatase activities after compaction and FFR likely led to the reduced N and P availabilities in the soil. Our results indicate that microbial biomass and enzyme activities were sensitive to soil compaction and FFR and that such disturbances had negative consequences for forest soil N and P cycling and fertility.     

Influence of non-cellulose structural carbohydrate composition on plant material decomposition in soil

The C mineralisation pattern during the early stage of decomposition of plant materials is largely determined by their content of different carbohydrates. This study investigated whether detailed plant analysis could provide a better prediction of C mineralisation during decomposition than proximate analysis [neutral detergent solution (NDF)/acid detergent solution (ADF)]. The detailed analysis included sugars, fructans, starch, pectin, cellulose, lignin and organic N. To determine whether differences in decomposition rate were related to differences in hemicellulose composition, the analysis particularly emphasised the concentrations of arabinose and xylose in hemicelluloses. Carbon dioxide evolution was monitored hourly in soil amended with ten different plant materials. Principal component and regression analysis showed that C mineralisation during day 1 was closely related to free sugars, fructans and soluble organic N components (R ² = 0.83). The sum of non-cellulose structural carbohydrates (intermediate NDF/ADF fraction) was not related to C mineralisation between days 1 and 9. In contrast, a model including starch and protein in addition to the non-cellulose structural carbohydrates, with the hemicelluloses replaced by arabinose and xylose, showed a strong relationship with evolved CO₂ (R ² = 0.87). Carbon mineralisation between days 9 and 34 was better explained by xylan, cellulose and lignin (R ² = 0.72) than by lignocellulose in the ADF fraction. Our results indicated that proximate analyses were not sufficient to explain differences in decomposition. To predict C mineralisation from the range of plant materials studied, we propose a minimum set of analyses comprising total N, free sugars, starch, arabinose, xylan, cellulose and lignin.     

榆林市风沙区水土保持植物配置模式初探

榆林市风沙区是我国西北黄土高原地区水土流失最为严重的地区之一,合理配置水土保持植物措施,可有效降低风沙危害、减少入黄泥沙、改善生态环境。根据该区立地条件类型的划分,以小叶杨、沙柳、沙棘、柠条、爬地柏等乔灌木为主,提出4种水土保持植物配置模式:1)对于平缓沙丘及丘间低地,采用迎风坡前方下部种植灌木或每隔1个沙丘进行乔灌混交的种植模式;2)对盖沙土梁峁坡及沟坡,采用在沟坡配置灌木纯林,梁峁坡为乔灌混交的模式;3)沟谷地川滩地地势平坦,坡度较小,以农田防护林带建设为主;4)盐碱土河滩地主要选择耐盐渍的树种和草种,与河水主流方向成30°～45°交角栽植林带,采取行间混交或带状混交。这些水土保持植物配置模式可为同类地区的水土保持植被建设提供借鉴。