乳酸菌对麻羽肉鸡生长和免疫机能的影响研究

选用1日龄温氏麻鸡母雏2400羽,随机分成3组,每组5个重复,每个重复160只鸡。试验Ⅰ组采用基础日粮+0.0125%黄霉素(4%);试验Ⅱ组采用基础日粮+1.5%乳酸菌制剂饮水;试验Ⅲ组采用基础日粮+1.5%乳酸菌制剂拌料后发酵6h。试验期72d,分为3阶段:前期(1～4周)、中期(5￣8周)、后期(9～11周)。结果表明:发酵方式添加乳酸菌组与抗生素组在生长性能和免疫机能方面无显著差异(P>0.05),但均比饮水组有所提高,发酵组可显著提高雏鸡盲肠内乳酸杆菌的数量,降低其内容物氨的浓度(P<0.05)。     

Effect of spineless cactus intake (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Opuntia ficus-indica</Emphasis>) on blood glucose levels in lactating sows and its impact on feed intake,body weight loss,and weaning-estrus interval

The effect of spineless cactus intake (Opuntia ficus-indica) on blood glucose (BG) levels in lactating sows and its impact on daily and total feed intake (dFI^?1 and TFI, respectively), body weight loss (BWL), and weaning-estrus interval length (WEI) were evaluated. Thirty-four hybrid (Yorkshire × Landrace × Pietrain) sows in lactation phase were used. Sows were divided into two groups: G1 (n = 17) where they received commercial feed and G2 (n = 17) provided with commercial feed plus an average of 2.0 ± 0.5 kg spineless cactus, based on a sow’s body weight. The variables evaluated were BG, dFI^?1, TFI, BWL, and WEI. Statistical analysis was performed by using a fixed and mixed model methodology, under a repeated measurements experiment. Group effects were found on all analyzed variables (P < 0.05). The BG was lower in G2 (55.2 and 64.5 mg/dL pre- and post-prandial, respectively), compared to that in G1 (70.9 and 80.1 mg/dL pre- and post-prandial, respectively) (P < 0.05). G2 showed better performance than G1 for dFI^?1, BWL, and WEI (P < 0.05) whose averages were 5.5 ± 1.8 kg, 7.4 ± 4.5%, and 5.3 ± 1.2 days, respectively. Averages for these variables in G1 were 4.7 ± 1.5 kg, 16.8 ± 4.6%, and 6.1 ± 1.6 days, respectively. Intake of spineless cactus reduced BG levels in lactating sows, generating greater dFI^?1, lower BWL at the end of lactation, and a lower WEI.     

六枝特区主要动物疫病免疫抗体检测与分析

采取猪血清68份、鸡血清71份,分别进行免疫抗体检测。结果合格率为:猪口蹄疫4.41%(3/68)、猪瘟70.59%(48/68);鸡新城疫87.32%(62/71)、高致病性禽流感76.06%(54/71)。     

半胱胺对肉兔生产性能和血清生化指标的影响

选择160只45日龄肉兔(公母各半)随机分成5组,在基础日粮中分别添加0、60、90、120、150mg/kg的半胱胺饲喂30d。结果表明:①在日粮中添加半胱胺可以提高肉兔的日增重和日采食量,降低料重比。其中90mg/kg组的肉兔日增重比对照组提高了15.78%(P0.01),日采食量提高了5.12%(P0.01),料肉比降低了9.09%(P0.01);②在日粮中添加半胱胺可以提高肉兔血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、生长激素水平,酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性,降低血清中尿素氮水平和谷丙转氨酶的活性。     

五龙鹅蛋用系及快长系体重与血清中GPT、LDH活力相关性研究

对9周龄蛋用系及快长系五龙鹅血清中GPT及LDH活力进行测定,比较两组鹅间两种酶活力高低,分析酶活力与相应周龄体重的表型相关.结果表明蛋用系与快长系五龙鹅体重存在显著差异(P＜0.05),而GPT和LDH活力差异不显著(P＞0.05).相关分析发现,两种鹅的GPT和LDH活力与体重无一致的相关性,品系间、公母间结果差异较大,相关不显著.但快长系GPT活力高于蛋用系,蛋用系LDH活力高于快长系;两种酶活力公鹅有高于母鹅的趋势.     

根据雏鸡血清酶活性对蛋鸡进行早期选种的研究

本研究测定了147只8、12周龄S220母雏血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、谷草转氨酶和乳酸脱氢酶活性,估测其遗传力及其与产蛋性能间的表型相关和遗传相关。结果表明,8周龄血清AKP活性遗传力为0.62,300日龄产蛋量遗传力为0.20,两者间的遗传相关为0.8245。利用8周龄血清AKP活性作为辅助性状对300日龄产蛋量进行间接选择,其间接选择效率为个体选择的1.4519倍,为家系选择的1.4837倍,为合并选择的1.1887倍。因此,8周龄血清AKP活性可作为蛋鸡早期选种血液生化指标之一。     

Improvement of trivalent leptospira vaccine by removal of anaphylactic agents

The anaphylactic reactions in cattle following leptospira vaccination mostly booster dose in different parts of Iran have been reported. The serum proteins as allergic substances are components of liquid phase of the vaccine. Therefore, the vaccine was modified by washing the whole cultures by centrifugations. The modified vaccine was safe in laboratory animals and cattle as well as under field conditions. Microagglutination test revealed a similar pattern of antibody response to the three Leptospira interrogans serovars (Canicola, Grippotyphosa, and Sejro hardjo) in all vaccinated cattle groups while was higher than the response of control animals. The results of the present investigation revealed that we can minimize postvaccination shock in vaccinated cattle populations with removing the shock proteins.     

Demographic dynamics and off-take of cattle herds in southern Mali

The herds of 95 families were monitored for 1 year in eight villages in the cotton-growing region of southern Mali. In 2006–2007, reproduction performances were average, with 0.54 calvings/year per cow, and mortality was low. Herd numerical productivity is not very high, less than 0.13/year, because of the high proportion of males kept for animal draught. Depending on the herd size, the behaviour of the families differs, in terms of off-take and in-take of animals. Families that only have one or two draught animals seek to increase their animal draught capacity, with a negative net off-take (−0.13/year). Families with two to three cows have a very low net off-take (0.02/year), with culling of adult animals compensated by purchase. They therefore capitalised this year, with an annual herd growth of 8%. Families with a very large herd (20 to 50 cows) take off more of their stock, with a net off-take of 0.08/year (very few animal purchases) and make a stock growth of 5%. And finally, families with an average-sized herd (6 to 19 cows) take off the whole of the year’s production, with a net off-take of 0.11/year and a nil stock growth rate. The use of a demographic model made it possible to measure the sensitivity of the productivity rate to the different demographic parameters.     

乳牛血清钙磷乘积与骨密度的关系

对３０头乳牛的血清钙，血清无机磷和骨密度值进行了测定，并进行了钙磷乘积与骨密度值的相关分析，研究表明，血清钙磷乘积为３２（２８～３４）时，骨密度增加最少，其增加值与血清钙，钙磷比值呈显著负相关，钙磷乘积为３８（３５～４０）时，骨密度增加最多，其增加值与血清钙，钙磷化呈极显著负相关，与血清无机磷呈显著性相关，钙磷乘积为５５（４１～１０４）时，骨密度增加居第二位，其增加值与血清钙，血清无机磷，钙磷乘积     

Effects of berberine on the growth performance,antioxidative capacity and immune response to lipopolysaccharide challenge in broilers

This study evaluated the effects of berberine on growth performance, immunity, haematological parameters, antioxidant capacity, and the expression of immune response‐related genes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐challenged broilers. We assigned 120 one‐day‐old male broilers (Ross 308) to two treatment groups; each group included two subgroups, each of which included six replicates of five birds per replicate. The experiment used a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with berberine treatment (0 or 60 mg/kg dietary) and challenge status [injection of saline (9 g/L w/v) or LPS (1.5 mg/kg body weight)] as the main factors. On days 14, 16, 18 and 20, broilers were intraperitoneally injected with LPS or physiological saline. Blood and liver samples were collected on day 21. Dietary berberine supplementation significantly alleviated the compromised average daily gain and average daily feed intake (p < 0.05) caused by LPS. The LPS challenge led to increased lymphocyte and white blood cell (WBC) counts, malondialdehyde (serum and liver) content, and immunoglobulin G and M, tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) expression (p < 0.05) and significantly reduced serum total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) activity (p < 0.05). Dietary berberine significantly mitigated the LPS‐induced decreases in the mRNA expression of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB), TNF‐α, IL‐1β, inducible nitrite synthase and cyclooxygenase‐2 (p < 0.05) in the liver. In conclusion, berberine supplementation has a positive effect on LPS challenge, which may be related to the increase in antioxidant enzyme activity and inhibition of both NF‐κB signalling and the expression of inflammatory mediators.