怎样正确购买受体牛

胚胎移植成功与否受体牛选择占有举足轻重的作用,下面谈谈怎样正确购买和选择受体牛。1品种受体牛品种的选择是做胚胎移植时应该首先考虑的问题。本地品种做受体会出现下列问题:受体牛体格小难产率高;由于都是役用牛产奶量很低,所产的牛乳不够犊牛吃;如是杂交牛,生殖器官发育往     

Mutant-prevention concentrations of enrofloxacin for Escherichia coli isolates from chickens

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the development of enrofloxacin resistance among Escherichia coli isolates obtained from chickens by determining mutant-prevention concentrations (MPCs) and sequence the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of gyrA and parC genes in selected isolates. SAMPLE POPULATION: 15 chicken-derived E coli isolates. PROCEDURES: For all isolates, MPC and minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of enrofloxacin were determined. The MPCs and maximum serum drug concentrations attained with enrofloxacin doses recommended for treatment of E coli infections in chickens were compared. Mutation frequencies and QRDR sequence changes in gyrA and parC were also determined. RESULTS: In 2 of 15 E coli strains, MPCs were low (0.016 and 0.062 microg/mL), MPC:MIC ratios were 2 and 4, and the GyrA and ParC proteins had no mutations. In 9 susceptible isolates with a GyrA point mutation, MPCs ranged from 2 to 16 microg/mL. For isolates with double mutations in GyrA and a single mutation in ParC, MPCs were > 32 microg/mL (several fold greater than the maximal plasma concentration of enrofloxacin in chickens); mutation frequencies were also much lower, compared with frequencies for single-mutation isolates. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: For E coli infections of chickens, MPC appears to be useful for determining enrofloxacin-dosing strategies. The high MPC:MIC ratio may result in enrofloxacin-treatment failure in chickens infected with some wild-type gyrA E coli isolates despite the isolates' enrofloxacin susceptibility (MICs 0.125 to 1 microg/mL). For infections involving isolates with high MPCs, especially those containing mutations in gyrA and parC genes, treatment with combinations of antimicrobials should be adopted.     

L-选择素分子结构及功能的研究进展

近 1 0年来 ,由于分子生物学及相关学科的理论和技术的飞速发展 ,使得对L 选择素的分子结构、分子功能的研究更加深入。就其分子结构而言目前已经完全清楚 ,而功能与其相应的问题仍在研究和探索之中。作为受体的选择素 ,其功能的实现是在其与相应的配体结合之后。表达与调节是在细胞因子、炎症介质以及其他因素的作用下 ,细胞表面黏附分子表达的水平和构型可以发生改变 ,以调节免疫平衡。L 选择素通过白细胞表面的Ca2 依赖的凝集素结构域和胞内小片段激活酪氨酸酶p56lck和ras的信号途径进行跨膜信号转导。活化依赖和活化独立的脱落、生理和病理意义及基因改造对功能的影响等方面目前仍在进一步的研究之中     

禽胰多肽研究进展

禽胰多肽(avian pancreatic polypeptide,APP)是由36个氨基酸残基组成,由胰脏胰多肽细胞分泌的一种多肽。研究表明,APP具有促进畜禽采食,加快生长发育,调节胃肠道运动,影响内分泌活动和保护细胞膜的完整性等多种生理作用。在近30年的研究工作中,人们对胰多肽的生理功能和临床应用有了一定的了解,但是对其生理活性及作用机制的研究尚处于探索阶段,在许多方面还有待进一步研究揭示。     

农村肉鸡养殖户在管理方面存在的误区

要想养好肉鸡,并获得较好的经济效益,必须要具备几个条件:优良的品种;全价的饲料;优良完好的设备;精心科学的管理;严格的防疫和疾病控制.现在当前农村肉鸡养殖户中管理方面存在的误区介绍如下:……     

采食高氟水草对绵羊胫骨生物力学特性及肋软骨胶原蛋白的影响

乌梁素海面积约293 km2,水生植物总产量360万t/年,是典型的重度富营养化草型湖泊。如何开发利用乌梁素海水草资源不仅能解决当地饲料资源短缺问题,同时对该区生态系统的恢复与重建也有着重要的现实意义。开发水草饲料中遇到的一个问题就是水草氟含量超标,含量在143.2~184.2 mg/kg之间,已超过绵羊牧草安全量限量(30~40 mg/kg),长期食入过量氟会引起畜禽氟中毒。很多研究都证明了过量无机氟(NaF)的食入不但影响骨骼代谢,还会影响动物内分泌、神经系统、造血功能。氟经过水草富集虽然含氟量高,但经过植物体的稳衡作用后,对动物体的毒性下降[1]…     

Ectoparasites are the major causes of various types of skin lesions in small ruminants in Ethiopia

Ectoparasites are the major causes of skin lesions in animals. Clinical, skin scraping examination, and histopathological studies were conducted to identify and characterize skin lesions in small ruminants caused by ectoparasites. Mange mites, lice, sheep keds, and ticks were collected from the skin of affected animals for species identification. Skin biopsies were collected from affected part of the skin and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathology. Of 1,000 sheep and 600 goats examined, 815 (81.50%) sheep and 327 (54.5%) goats were infested with one or more types of ectoparasites. Sarcoptes scabiei var ovis, Demodex ovis, Psoroptes ovis, Bovicola ovis, Melophagus ovinus, and Amblyomma variegatum and other tick species were identified from sheep. S. scabiei var caprae, Demodex caprae, Linognathus stenopsis, and A. variegatum and other tick species were identified from goats. Gross skin lesions or defects observed on the skin include stained and ragged wool, loss of wool/hair, nodules, crusts, lichenification, and fissuring. Microscopic evaluation of H and E stained skin sections revealed lesions in the epidermal layer such as hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, and melanin inconsistency on the basal cells of the epidermis. Follicular keratosis, perifolliculitis, frunculosis, perivasculitis, and aggregates of inflammatory cells (of acute and chronic type) with fibrosis were experiential in the dermal layer of the skin. Most of the skin lesions caused by ectoparasites are overlapping. Thus, ectoparasites control program should be executed to reduce skin lesions as skins are the major export commodity of the country.     

EM在养羊业中的应用

EM是一种新的微生物制剂,在动物生产中有着广泛的应用.该文主要综述了在羊只生产中EM制剂对羊只的环境、生长、产品质量、繁殖率、疾病防治等方面的作用效果,为实际应用提供了参考.     

西藏绒山羊被毛纤维特性的研究

本文研究了西藏绒山羊日土型、尼玛型和紫绒型被毛纤维中绒的直径和自然长度、毛的直径和长度、绒毛比。日土型羊绒的直径、自然长度均高于尼玛型和紫绒型,日土型和尼玛型羊的绒毛重量比高于紫绒型,而３种类型的绒毛根数比无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。绒的直径与自然长度、产绒量呈正相关,而且相关关系显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

鹿花盘水溶性成分的药理活性与临床应用

采用分子筛方法制备的鹿花盘水溶性成分及多肽具有明显地抑制戊酸雌二醇所致的乳腺增生,其作用强度较丙酸睾丸素１２５ ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 强。此外,还有较显著地促进巨噬细胞的吞噬功能和增加 Ｔ 淋巴细胞的增殖能力,抑制 Ｍ Ａ－ ７３７ 乳腺癌的生长,改善乳腺癌小鼠 Ｔ 淋巴细胞的衰竭。通过急性、亚急性、过敏性等安全性试验检查证明,鹿花盘水溶性成分无任何毒副作用,进一步通过１４６ 例乳腺增生患者的临床疗效观察,其有效率达８３５５ ％ ,是一种很有前途的妇女保健产品。