食用菌渣肥和氮磷钾组合对青椒产量品质的效应

采用回最优设计研究食用菌渣与氮，磷，钾肥组合对青椒的效应。结果表明，施用菌渣能改善土壤条件和氮，磷的有效性，从而提高青椒果实的产量及糖分和维生素Ｃ的含量。寻优计算表明，每盆青椒果实达３９０－４５０ｇ时，需施菌渣肥１３３．３０－１５０．１９ｇ，Ｎ３．１８－３．５１ｇ，ｐ２Ｏ５１．７３－１．９４ｇ，ｋ２Ｏ１．３４－１．６９ｇ。     

Study on the porcinophilic foot-and-mouth disease virus I. production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against VP1

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) reported here were produced against the porcinophilic foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) that caused the devastating swine disease on 1997 in Taiwan. A panel (25) of MAbs were found to react with VP1 of O/Taiwan/97 (O/97) by ELISA with various potencies. The biological identities of these VP1 reacting MAbs, such as neutralization activity, isotype and capability to distinguish between two serotype O FMDVs, O/97 and O/Taiwan/KM1/99 (O/99), were further analyzed. Eleven out of the total eighteen O/97 neutralizing MAbs were able to neutralize heterologous O/99. Eight O/97 neutralizing and five non-neutralizing MAbs could differentiate two serotype O FMDVs by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) implied that these thirteen MAbs recognized O/97 specific epitope(s). Furthermore, reactivities of the VP1 reacting MAbs with a 29 amino acids synthetic peptide (P29) representing the betaG-betaH loop of VP1 were analyzed by ELISA and fourteen were found positive. MAb clone Q10E-3 reacting strongest with VP1 and P29, neutralizing both but not differentiating two serotype O viruses suggested that the antibody binding site might involve the RGD motif and its C terminal conserved region on betaG-betaH loop. MAbs with diverse characters presented in this study were the first raised against porcinophilic FMDV. The complete set of MAbs may be used for further studies of vaccine, diagnostic methods, prophylaxis, etiological and immunological researches on FMDV.     

Effects of glandular trichomes on the development of Phytophthora infestans infection in potato (S. tuberosum)

S. berthaulltii Hawkes, a wild potato species, possesses two types of glandular trichomes on its leaf surface: types A and B wich confer resistance to insects. Preliminary results indicated that the presence of glandular trichomes also confers resistance to Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight. In this paper we report the evaluation of trichome characteristics (density and exudate activities) performed on 8 lines of potato, including the control varieties Desirée and Tropicana, 5 hybrid lines derived from intercrosses and backcrosses between S. tuberosum and S. berthaultii and one accession of S. berthaultii. Whole plants of the 8 genotypes were inoculated with a spore suspension of Phytophthora infestans in order to evaluate their resistance to late blight. The resultant disease incidence correlated negatively with type A trichome density and with polyphenol-oxidase (PPO) activity of type A trichome glands. The removal of type B trichomes exudate by leaf dipping in ethanol did not influence the disease development after artificial inoculation of detached leaves. Type B trichome exudate was extracted and the fraction corresponding to Fatty Acids Sucrose Esters (FASE) was recovered after Thin Layer Chromatography and tested on the fungal mycelium in vitro. The FASE exhibited a slight inhibitory effect on mycelium growth. The results of the experiments are discussed, and several hypotheses regarding the possible role of types A and B trichomes are formulated. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

干旱胁迫对大豆生理指标的影响

研究了不同生育时期干旱胁迫对大豆各生育时期生理指标的影响,采用胁迫系数与灰色关联度分析相结合的方法,对12个大豆品种抗旱性进行综合评价.结果表明:12个大豆品种在干旱胁迫下,叶片相对含水量(RWC)均下降,可溶性糖含量(WSS)升高,游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量逐渐增加,丙二醛(MDA)含量多数逐渐增加,过氧化物酶(POD...     

核桃-小麦复合系统中细根的分布及形态变异研究

【目的】研究核桃(Juglans regia)-小麦(Triticum aestivum)复合系统中细根的分布格局及形态变异,为种间关系研究及农林复合系统的合理设计提供依据。【方法】以核桃、小麦单作为对照,采用根钻法取样,用WinRHIZO根系分析系统对根系形态进行分析,比较核桃-小麦复合系统与单作系统中植物细根的空间分布和形态差异。【结果】①复合系统中核桃细根根长的垂直分布重心深度为35.49 cm,比核桃单作(29.97 cm)下移了5.52 cm;水平径向的分布重心为距树干基部0.91 m,比核桃单作(0.99 m)向树干基部靠近了0.08 m。复合系统中小麦根长的分布重心深度为18.46 cm,比小麦单作(26.04 cm)上移了7.58 cm。②复合系统中核桃细根的平均根长密度为83.6 cm/dm3,比核桃单作(135.6 cm/dm3)降低了38%;复合系统中小麦根长密度为1.74 cm/cm3,比小麦单作(1.22cm/cm3)增加了42%。③复合系统中核桃细根的平均比根长在0~30 cm土层为5 149.34 cm/g,大于核桃单作(3 624.68 cm/g),而在30~100 cm土层为2 626.59 cm/g,小于核桃单作(3 906.9 cm/g);复合系统中小麦比根长在0~50 cm土层为10 019.5 cm/g,小于小麦单作(11 811.7 cm/g);在50~100 cm土层为14 328.9 cm/g,大于小麦单作(13 389.6 cm/g)。【结论】复合系统中0~30 cm土层及水平径向距树干基部1.5~2.0 m是根系竞争最剧烈的区域,为了适应复合系统的地下竞争,核桃和小麦在生长过程中对细根的空间分布及形态产生了可塑性反应。     

稻田和池塘养殖模式对中华绒螯蟹肠道菌群、免疫酶活及肌肉游离氨基酸的影响

为了探究稻田和池塘养殖模式对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)肠道菌群、免疫力和肌肉风味影响,选取同一批次稻田和池塘的中华绒螯蟹在5月和10月对其肠道菌群、免疫酶活和肌肉游离氨基酸进行测定。结果表明：中华绒螯蟹肠道优势菌群为软壁菌门、拟杆菌门、变形菌门和厚壁菌门。在季节和养殖模式均对蟹的肠道菌群造成影响的情况下,季节变化对菌群变化的影响更大。从5月到10月,稻田养殖模式下中华绒螯蟹肠道菌群的丰富度和多样性均出现上升趋势,而池塘养殖模式下肠道菌群的丰富度和多样性则无显著变化。两种养殖模式下中华绒螯蟹肠道中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)在5月的活性均高于10月,在10月池塘模式下的免疫酶活性溶菌酶(LZM)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)显著高于稻田模式。各组肌肉中均检测出14种呈味氨基酸,呈味氨基酸中甜味氨基酸含量(TSAA)>总苦味氨基酸(TBAA)>总鲜味氨基酸(TUAA),且池塘养殖模式下中华绒螯蟹肌肉中TSAA和总游离氨基酸TFAA高于稻田养殖模式下含量。因此,池塘养殖模式较稻田养殖模式下的中华绒螯蟹肠道菌群时间上更稳定,免疫酶活更强,肌肉风味更优。     

罗湾水电站引水系统过渡过程研究

为了对罗湾水电站增容前后的引水系统过渡过程和机组增容改造对引水系统建筑物的影响进行研究，应用水击计算方法中的电算法进行计算，得出了调压室最低、最高涌浪水位，蜗壳处最大压力水头和机组转速最大升高。结果表明，电站增容后引水系统完全能满足有关规范和设计的要求。     

隧道窑用于焖烧法生产活性炭初试

用隧道式活化炉取代焖烧炉生产活性炭的试验结果表明：按照活化工艺温度８５０℃,时间３６～６０ｈ,粉状活性炭产品质量可达到部颁标准,颗粒活性炭延长活化时间,产品质量可达到载体炭的质量,隧道窑焖烧法用以生产颗粒炭是可行的。     

Characteristics of Medical Waste in Taiwan

The purpose of this study was threefold: to investigate the types and amounts of medical waste from various hospitals in Taiwan; to analyze residues from incinerated medical waste for heavy metal content; and to measure the amount of infectious and general medical waste per bed per day and determine the ratio of infectious to general medical waste. Information was first obtained on the amounts of medical waste produced per bed per day and on waste handling and treatment. Next, residue samples were taken from incinerators and analyzed for heavy metal content. Third, daily records concerning waste content and weight from one hospital were kept over the period of one year. Chromium (Cr) and zinc (Zn) concentrations were significantly higher in medical waste than in general waste. Medical waste fluctuated significantly over the one-year period. Records showed that wastes containing dialysis material and wood/cotton materials were found to have the highest weight and wastes containing human organs had the lowest weight. Results of the present study underscore the need for all hospitals to effectively separate waste for proper treatment and disposal, particularly waste that produces residues which may be hazardous to the environment. In addition, hospitals also need to recycle or reuse certain materials in order to reduce waste production.     

小麦不同世代群体轮回选择效应

由10个高蛋白和4个高产小麦亲本的太谷核雄性不育株(经6～10代转育)等量种子混合组成基础群体B₁;由4个高产小麦亲本的太谷核雄性不育株等量种子混合组成基础群体B₂。对B₁进行混合选择(MS)和单性状集团选择(CS),对B₂进行回交混合选择(BS),各进行3轮选择,研究了6个性状的直接遗传进度。结果表明,利用太谷核雄性不育基因进行小麦轮回选择是有效的。对于单个性状的改良,CS是最有效的方法,且第一轮(C₁)选择进度最大,但多元方差分析表明CS不利于群体的变异。MS在第2轮(C₂)效应最大,BS到第3轮才显示出最大效应,而且MS和BS均有利于群体的变异。从3轮选择的平均效应看,MS是3种轮选方法中最好的一种方法。