Identification of SSR loci in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Betula luminifera</Emphasis> using birch EST data

Expressed sequence tags(ESTs) are generated from single-pass sequencing of randomly picked cDNA clones and can be used for development of simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers or microsatellites.However,EST databases have been developed for only a small number of species.This paper provides a case study of the utility of freely available birch EST resources for the development of markers necessary for the genetic analysis of Betula luminifera.Based on birch EST data,primers for 80 EST-SSR candidate loci were ...     

肉苁蓉人工接种技术

肉苁蓉为多年生寄生草本植物。文章主要介绍了肉苁蓉接种、管护和采收等环节的技术。     

风幕式静电喷杆喷雾喷头雾化与雾滴沉积性能试验

为了解决传统施药方式药液在植株中下冠层沉积量不足、雾滴粒径分布不均匀等问题,对常规喷杆喷雾扇形喷头设计了一种双平板感应式荷电装置,试验测量了该扇形静电喷头产生的雾滴荷质比、空间上的横向和纵向粒径分布并验证了在风幕和静电作用下雾滴的沉积性能。试验结果表明:荷质比随着静电电压的增大先增大后趋于稳定,随喷雾压力的增大而减小;静电作用能够减小雾滴粒径,并且使雾滴粒径横向分布更加均匀;随着喷头远离测量装置,纵向雾滴粒径逐渐增大;风幕作用能够改善雾滴在冠层中的沉积性能,相同条件下,有风幕时雾滴沉积分布的变异系数为0.645,与无风幕时的0.871降低了25.95%;静电作用能够改善雾滴在冠层中的沉积性能,在静电电压0和6 kV作用下,雾滴沉积分布的变异系数减小了50.2%;荷电条件下,随着喷雾压力的增大,雾滴的沉积分布均匀性反而会减小。该研究可为进一步研究新型喷头荷电装置及风幕式喷杆喷雾机的研发提供参考。     

中国中东部农田作物水分利用效率时空分布及影响因子分析

为研究中国中东部地区农田生态系统水分利用效率时空分布特征,该文利用遥感数据、气象数据以及国家分省区农业统计数据,基于农作物种植结构所划分的地区,通过趋势分析方法,分析了2003-2012年10 a间农田水分利用效率的时空分布特征。结果发现:华北地区农田多年平均水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)高于南方水田区,山东半岛、辽东半岛以及江苏沿海地区农田WUE最高,多年农田WUE均值高达2.0 g/kg,而东北平原及东南丘陵地区农田WUE多年均值则较低,平均在1.5 g/kg以下。中国中东部农田WUE总体上呈上升趋势。其中,华北平原以及松嫩平原农田WUE增加趋势明显,最大年均增幅达0.02 g/(kg·a),而东南丘陵、江淮以及三江平原等地,农田WUE则呈减小趋势,最大年均降幅达-0.007 g/(kg·a)。整体上看,北方地区农田WUE的涨幅高于南方。考虑气候变化后,灌溉和施肥对中国中东部农田WUE的影响较小。气候变化则是影响中东部农田WUE的主要因素。在北方地区,对农田WUE变化有显著影响的因子为年降水量,而在南方地区,年均温的影响则更显著。相比于在中东部北方地区农田WUE年际变化主要受到年降水量对农田蒸散发(evapotranspiration,ET)的影响,在南方地区,农田WUE年际变化则主要受到年均温对农作物总初级生产力(gross primary productivity,GPP)的影响。该研究可为农田区水资源合理利用以及中东部农田生态环境持续发展提供参考。     

轮式车辆动力传动系自激振动研究（Ⅰ）——自激振动的机理分析

研究了轮式车辆动力传动系自激振动的机理。建立了动力传动系力学模型，对振动进行了相平面分析，得出地面附着系数随滑转率的增加而减小的特性是造成车辆传动系自激振动主要原因的结论     

EDTA对铅污染土壤上芥菜生长及铅积累特性的影响

采用盆栽实验研究了EDTA对Pb污染土壤上芥菜生长及Pb积累特性的影响。结果表明,单独Pb处理对芥菜生物量没有明显的影响,但高Pb处理(2000mg kg-1 Pb)芥菜地上部含水量显著降低;Pb处理芥菜体内Pb含量随土壤Pb浓度的增加而明显增加,根系Pb含量高于地上部Pb含量;3mmol kg-1 EDTA处理能促进土壤Pb溶解,增加土壤有效Pb含量,影响芥菜的正常生长,芥菜地上部生物量下降,高Pb浓度处理比低Pb浓度处理更明显;EDTA处理14天芥菜地上部和根系Pb积累量都比不加EDTA的对照明显增加,地上部Pb总量增加到对照的13.1～80倍;EDTA处理芥菜地上部与根系Pb含量的比值上升,表明EDTA处理促进Pb向地上部运输,这种促进作用因土壤Pb浓度的不同而略有差异。     

新平冰糖橙果园营养水平与产量、品质状况系统分析

为全面了解云南省新平县冰糖橙果园营养与产量、品质水平现状,并为冰糖橙优质丰产栽培施肥技术提供理论依据,选择新平县主产冰糖橙乡镇22个典型果园,采集果实、春梢叶片和土壤等样品各105份,对果实内在品质指标和所有样品的矿质营养元素含量进行了系统检测分析,揭示新平冰糖橙产量、品质水平及其与营养状况的关系。结果表明,新平冰糖橙果园土壤大多为酸性红壤,pH值平均为5.73;土壤整体较为贫瘠,有机质缺乏占52%;土壤碱解N缺乏占96%,有效P、速效K含量缺乏和过量并存。叶片P、Zn、Mg含量普遍缺乏,其比例分别达95%、93%、60%,而叶片Cu、Mn、Fe和N含量过高,过量比例分别为93%、63%、51%和36%。新平冰糖橙果园整体产量低、品质较差,株产平均为23.1 kg,果实可食率为59.96%,可溶性固形物(TSS)、可滴定酸(TA)和Vc含量分别为10.13%、0.49%和40 mg·100 mL~(-1),有较大提升空间。每生产1 t冰糖橙果实所需的N、P_2O_5、K_2O分别为2.63～3.15、0.88～1.05、4.38～5.25 kg。土壤、叶片养分含量与产量、品质指标的相关性分析表明,土壤碱解氮含量与产量显著正相关,与Vc含量极显著正相关;土壤速效钾含量与TSS含量极显著正相关;叶片N含量与TSS含量呈显著负相关;叶片Mg含量与TSS含量,叶片Ca含量与果皮厚度,叶片Zn含量与TSS、Vc含量均呈极显著正相关。综上所述,新平冰糖橙果实品质低、果园间差异大,土壤与树体养分波动性较大,叶片缺Zn而Cu过量普遍,部分果园缺Mg而N过量,多数果园为酸性红壤导致养分易流失而贫瘠。因此,施肥管理上建议适当增加施肥次数,缓效氮肥代替速效氮肥,重视有机肥深施,针对性施用中微肥,尤其是Mg和Zn营养补充,为新平冰糖橙提质增效施肥管理提供理论依据与技术支持。     

南京周边地区古砂砾层土壤和岩石形成的数学分析

Research samples were taken from an ancient gravel stratum which is not only a representative soil layer along the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River in East China ,but also one of the primary Neozoic strata in Nanjing district.Located mostly on the second and third terraces,the ancient gravel strata formed the geomorphic landscapes of terrace and step.They were complex in constitution,varied widely in stability,of multiple sources,locally derived ,and associated with braided streams in the deposition environment ,A CIPW(Cross,Iddings,Pirsson and Washington) method modified by the author was used to analyze the soil-rock-forming materials of finer grains(less than 2 mm in size) of the ancient gravel stratum.Results of the analysis showed that the sandy grains were composed of apatite,ilmenite,potassium feldspar,plagioclase,enstatite and free quartz,the clay mainly of kaolinite,and the cement of a combination of silicon,aluminum and iron at a ratiof of 46:44:10.In the soil-rock-forming processes, including compactional solidifiation,water-stable illuviation-cementation,homogneous overgrowth and so on,the loose soil-rock-forming components gradually changed into consolidated soil and further to the early stage of lithification.Meanvwhile,from ,the analysis,we found that the ancient gravel stratum had been protected by overlying Xiashu loess or basalt and the overloading resulted in overconsolidated strata ,The modified CIPW method was applicale and effective for semi-quantitative analysis.     

泥蚶能量代谢相关的同工酶的分析

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析了泥蚶（Tegillarca granosa）能量代谢相关的10种同工酶。酯酶和α-淀粉酶是同能量吸收有关的酶，主要分布于消化腺里。苹果酸脱氢酶、苹果酸酶、异柠檬酸脱氢酶、琥珀酸脱氢酶、醇脱氢酶、乳酸脱氢酶、6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶和三磷酸腺苷激酶是与能量代谢相关的酶。泥蚶的能量供应有3种途径：有氧呼吸、无氧酵解和磷酸戊糖途径。从泥蚶体内含有很高活性的6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶可知，磷酸戊糖途径是泥蚶糖代谢的主要途径，NADP为供能体。同其它贝类相比，泥蚶的三磷酸腺苷激酶的活性很低，这与它们的埋栖生活不活跃运动的习性是一致的。     

Development of EST-SSR in foxtail millet (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Setaria italica</Emphasis>)

The development of EST-SSR in foxtail millet (Setaria italica) for polymorphism and transferability study was reported here. From 1213 EST sequences, 30 SSRs were obtained and primers were designed for 26 SSRs. Among them, four pairs of SSR primers amplified polymorphic products in 12 foxtail millet cultivars and one accession of Setaria viridis, a wild relative of foxtail millet, with 10 alleles detected for the four loci and 2.5 alleles per locus. In addition, ten SSR markers could be transferred to other nine Gramineae species. The putative functions of 11 ESTs containing polymorphic and transferable SSRs were also identified.