光通量和温差对马铃薯试管苗生长的影响

试验研究了光通量和昼夜温差对自养培养马铃薯试管苗生长的影响。结果表明:光通量为 200μmol/(m2·s)时,自养培养苗的生长、幼苗的净光合速率显著优于光通量50,100μmol/(m2·s)处理,且总气 孔数和张开的气孔数量也最多,分别为318.0和277.7个。7℃的昼夜温差有利于自养培养马铃薯试管苗的光 合作用,从而促进幼苗生长,获得健壮的植株。     

过热蒸汽干燥物料温度变化规律的试验研究

进行了过热蒸汽干燥过程物料温度变化规律的试验研究。结果表明 ,常压下无论进口温度如何 ,恒速干燥阶段物料表面的温度均为 1 0 0℃。因此 ,恒速段可使用更高的温度而不增加对物料的热损伤程度 ,而提高介质的温度可明显提高干燥速度。     

磁流间断面类型的讨论

本文从电磁流体力学间断面关系式出发，引进了无量纲参数ρ1Hn^2/4πJ2，对各种磁流间断面进行了讨论，讨论了各种磁流间断面间相互转换的可能性。     

王堤口渡槽橡胶布双曲扁壳新型闸门的构造原理

薄壳空间结构具有很多优点，我国在水工闸门中使用双曲扁壳结构的历史已有37年，但尚未见到采用橡胶布面板的。笔者结合工程实际，采用薄膜理论并采取相应的结构和构造措施，提出了胶布双曲扁壳新型闸门的具体分析与设计方法。工程应用中不但能消除面板的角点影响，而且保证了面板的无弯矩状态。     

白银市蔬菜基地土壤和蔬菜中重金属含量及其安全评价

目的为研究相互嫁接对红色和黄色2种樱桃番茄嫁接后代果实品质及镉含量的影响。方法用镉污染(10 mg/kg)的土壤进行盆栽试验,2种樱桃番茄相互嫁接后,分别收集砧木和接穗后代种子并进行播种栽培,各处理分别为：黄CK (黄色不嫁接)、红CK (红色不嫁接)、黄砧(黄色为砧木)、黄穗(黄色为接穗)、红砧(红色为砧木)和红穗(红色为接穗),并对后代果实进行分析。结果与黄CK相比,嫁接提高了黄砧的单果质量、果实硬度和果实中除维生素C以外的内在品质,并使该果实中的镉含量下降15.37%。与红CK相比,红砧果实中的可溶性蛋白、维生素C以及类胡萝卜素含量分别提高9.03%、10.14%和8.44%,果实中的镉含量下降8.00%。结论在镉污染下,种植黄砧和红砧既能提高果实品质,又能降低果实中镉含量。     

Transwell contact co-culture promotes growth and differentiation of single-dissociated iPSCs

AIM：To investigate the promoting role of Transwell contact co-culture system in the growth and differentiation of single-dissociated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). METHODS：Bovine corneal endothelial cells (CECs) at passage 1~2 (P1~2) were seeded on the underside of Transwell inserts placed into culture plates and were cultured in 37 ℃ and 5% CO2 for 8 h. Accutase digestion and 40 μm filter process disaggregated colony-aggregated iPSCs into single-dissociated iPSCs, and the cells were seeded on the inside of Transwell inserts with CECs in medium of mTeSR1 for 3 d and then in low-glucose DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS for 2 weeks. The characteristics and differentiation markers were evaluated by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), immunofluorescence staining, live & dead cell staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining. The group of iPSCs cultured in conventional medium was used as control group 1. The group of single-dissociated iPSCs co-cultured with CECs was set as experimental group, while single-dissociated iPSCs without co-culture were as control group 2. RESULTS：The bovine CECs showed typical hexagonal cobblestone shape. iPSCs showed colony-like growth, while became single-dissociated cells after Transwell contact co-culture with bovine CECs for 3 d. The single-dissociated iPSCs positively expressed the undifferentiated markers, Nanog and Oct4. The mRNA expression levels of Nanog, Oct4 and Sox2 between experimental group and control group 1 were both positive and had no statistical significance difference (P>0.05). The dead cells in experimental group decreased significantly, and there was statistically significant difference compared to control group 2 (P<0.01). After 14 d of induced differentiation co-culture, the single-dissociated iPSCs showed rather uniform polygonal morphology, increased dimension and no obvious colony existence. Negative ALP staining, positive immunofluorescence staining for ZO-1, AQP1 and CD31, and negative for CD34 and CD133 were also observed. The results of qPCR showed that the mRNA expression of Oct4, Nanog and Sox2 significantly decreased, and had statistically significant difference compared with control group 1 (P<0.01). CONCLUSION：When co-cultured with bovine CECs, iPSCs morphologically changed to endothelial-like cells and expressed some markers of CECs. Transwell contact co-culture system not only enhances the growth of single-dissociated iPSCs, but also promotes their differentiation.     

马铃薯休眠阶段中内源激素变化的研究

实验以早熟马铃薯品种费乌瑞它(Favorita)和中熟品种夏波蒂(Shepody)的脱毒试管苗为材料,诱导结薯,研究离体块茎在休眠与萌芽过程中不同时期的内源激素GA3,KT,IAA和ABA含量的变化。结果表明:①KT,GA3,IAA,三种激素含量随着休眠的解除呈明显上升趋势;②ABA的含量甚微,品种费乌瑞它仅在第一时期及品种夏波蒂仅在第一和第二时期检测出微量,此后均未检出,可见ABA的含量呈下降趋势。     

砷胁迫下磷用量对不同磷效率水稻产量、生物量以及P、As含量的影响

【目的】阐明磷肥用量以及水稻磷营养特性对砷污染水稻产量、生物量及其安全性的影响,探讨降低水稻砷污染的农艺措施。【方法】以2个耐低磷（磷高效吸收型品种99011和磷高效利用型品种580）和1个低磷敏感型水稻（99056）为材料,通过土培试验研究不同磷用量对中、高度砷污染土壤上水稻产量、生物量以及秸秆、颖壳和稻米P、As含量的影响。【结果】与无砷处理相比,50 mg•kg-1的砷略微增加水稻的生物量,但降低水稻产量,增施磷肥显著提高生物量和产量;100 mg•kg-1的砷显著降低水稻生物量和产量,增施磷肥显著提高生物量,但产量在磷用量为30 mg•kg-1时最高,磷用量为150 mg•kg-1时最低（为0）。砷污染土壤上,水稻不同部位As含量为秸秆>>颖壳>>糙米,且As含量随磷用量或砷浓度的增加而增加。在砷胁迫或者磷、砷双重胁迫下,同一处理的水稻产量、生物量以及秸秆、颖壳和糙米P含量均为99011＞580＞99056,3个品种之间差异显著,且磷用量越少、砷浓度越高,品种之间差异越大;秸秆、颖壳和糙米As含量为99056＞580＞99011,3个品种之间差异显著,且磷用量和（或）砷浓度越高,品种之间差异越大。在砷浓度≤50 mg•kg-1和磷用量≤30 mg•kg-1时,磷高效吸收型品种99011能够获得较高的产量,且稻米As含量低于国家食品安全标准。【结论】砷胁迫下,水稻产量及其As含量与品种磷营养特性以及施肥量密切相关。在中、轻度砷污染土壤上,可以通过选用磷高效吸收型水稻品种,并根据土壤磷丰缺程度适当减少磷肥用量等措施来保证水稻数量和质量安全。     

基于AHP-熵值法的农超信息对接绩效评估及优化

信息对接水平是决定农超对接中各主体生产经营结果、供应链效率和风险规避能力的重要因素。高水平的信息对接将通过主体间稳定的对接关系缓解信息不对称现象、降低交易成本、帮助实现农产品的质量安全可追溯性、综合治理与整体优化农超对接。研究发现,由于农超信息对接存在结构性差异,当前中国农超信息对接处于低水平状态,构建了农超信息对接的绩效评价体系,运用层次分析法和熵值法进行实证分析,结合调研数据,评出人员与技术是影响农超信息对接绩效最关键的影响因素,广州市东升农场有限公司所在供应链是相对最高效的农超信息对接供应链。     

从《中国图书馆学报》作者分析看我国图书馆学研究队伍现状

以《学报》1999～2003年间30期共690篇论文为统计源,对《中国图书馆学报》载文的第一作者情况进行统计分析。从《学报》作者的性别、年龄、学历、职称、地区分布、系统分布、合著情况等角度分析,透视图书馆学研究队伍的现状,为图书馆学研究提供某一角度的参考。