USING MACHINE LEARNING TO CLASSIFY IMAGE FEATURES FROM CANINE PELVIC RADIOGRAPHS: EVALUATION OF PARTIAL LEAST SQUARES DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK MODELS

As the number of images per study increases in the field of veterinary radiology, there is a growing need for computer‐assisted diagnosis techniques. The purpose of this study was to evaluate two machine learning statistical models for automatically identifying image regions that contain the canine hip joint on ventrodorsal pelvis radiographs. A training set of images (120 of the hip and 80 from other regions) was used to train a linear partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) model and a nonlinear artificial neural network (ANN) model to classify hip images. Performance of the models was assessed using a separate test image set (36 containing hips and 20 from other areas). Partial least squares discriminant analysis model achieved a classification error, sensitivity, and specificity of 6.7%, 100%, and 89%, respectively. The corresponding values for the ANN model were 8.9%, 86%, and 100%. Findings indicated that statistical classification of veterinary images is feasible and has the potential for grouping and classifying images or image features, especially when a large number of well‐classified images are available for model training.     

羌塘自然保护区湖泊变化及其原因分析

选取西藏羌塘自然保护区MSS、TM、ETM+数据和1[JP18]∶[JP]100 000地形图,以85° E为中心线,将研究区划分为东西两部分,解译该区域面积大于1 km2的所有湖泊。结果表明：1975-1990年,羌塘自然保护区湖泊呈退缩状态,湖泊个数由388个减少为277个,面积由6 603.3 km²减少到5 539.7 km²,面积减少达16.1%;2005年,湖泊个数比1990年增加164个,达441个,湖泊总面积9 652.2 km²,比1990年增加4 112.5 km²,增幅74.2%。在区域上,表现为东部变化幅度大于西部。同时,重点分析了研究区附近的狮泉河、改则、班戈、申扎、那曲、安多6个气象站1978-2007年的数据。结果显示：6个代表气象站年平均气温、年平均最高气温、年降水量均呈上升趋势,其中东部上升幅度较大,西部变化不明显;年蒸发量呈减少趋势。降水是影响湖泊变化最主要的因素。     

玉树州农牧业机械化发展过程中存在的问题及应对措施

玉树藏族自治州农牧业机械化稳步发展,但在当地特殊环境下,农牧业生产出现了脱轨式的裂变,农牧业机械化发展渐趋下滑态势,针对这种扭变现象,文章提出了一些探索农牧业“特色”发展的措施.     

旱稻渗入系拔节期根系性状QTL定位

研究稻作抗旱的根系特征及其遗传机理,在作物育种程序上改良作物根系性状,提高作物抗旱性,为水旱稻杂交选育抗旱高产品种提供理论依据。本研究利用187个SSR标记和1套具有180个家系的旱稻渗入系群体BC3F7构建遗传连锁图,采用单标记分析法,对拔节期根系的6个性状(最长根长、粗根数、总根数、平均最粗根粗、根干重、总干重)进行QTL定位。拔节期检测到QTL共56个,其中影响上述6个性状的QTL数目分别是9、10、3、12、9和13,其总贡献率分别为43%、44%、19%、70%、39%和68%。另外,在检测到的QTL中除与总根数有关的有2个来自毫格劳的等位基因降低性状值以外,其位点毫格劳的等位基因均增加性状值。92.8%的渗入位点对以沈农265为遗传背景的渗入系的根系6个性状有促进作用;定位到的影响不同根系性状的QTL多数成簇排列;在RM1261附近定位到影响3个性状的QTL,推测是一个与根系抗旱性状密切相关的基因区域。     

Sheep grazing in young oak Quercus spp. and ash Fraxinus excelsior plantations: vegetation control, seasonality and tree damage

An experiment was carried out where sheep were grazed in temporary fenced paddocks at a stocking rate of 178 LSU ha⁻¹ in a 5-year old broadleaf plantation of oak (Quercus spp.) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior) (1.5 m spacing) on fertile, former lowland pasture in Northern Ireland. The grazing regime was rotational and intensive, with two grazing periods of 5 days in February and October 2001. Results showed that a significant proportion of the rank herbage height was removed within the first 24 h of livestock introduction. Herbage biomass was reduced by approximately half after 5 days. Sward height in grazed plots remained significantly lower than control plots for over 6 months after cessation of grazing, whilst biomass remained significantly lower for over 4 months after cessation of grazing. No significant tree damage to either oak or ash was measured during the February grazing trial, however significant damage to the lateral branches of both oak and ash was observed in the October grazing trial. Leader damage did not occur on trees greater than 152 cm. Ash was more commonly browsed than oak. Annual height increment of both tree species was unaffected by grazing, but annual stem diameter increment was significantly reduced in both oak and ash in February grazed plots. Oak trees in both February and October grazed plots were found to have a significantly smaller annual increase in canopy diameter than those in control plots. Results are discussed with regard to practical implementation of controlled grazing in young broadleaf forestry plantations on fertile, lowland soils.     

肃南牦牛屠宰性能和肉品质研究

为研究肃南牦牛的屠宰性能及肉品质,揭示其遗传特性,选取12头(公母各半)4岁放牧肃南牦牛进行屠宰试验和肉品质分析,并与文献中已报道的甘南牦牛、天祝白牦牛、雪多牦牛、环湖牦牛等进行了对比分析.结果显示,肃南牦牛的活重和胴体重均高于环湖牦牛和天祝白牦牛,屠宰率高于查乌拉牦牛和环湖牦牛,净肉率高于甘南牦牛和环湖牦牛,熟肉率高...     

镉在黄瓜幼苗中的化学形态及亚细胞分布

为探究黄瓜幼苗对镉的吸收累积特性,将黄瓜幼苗置于6种镉浓度梯度(0、10、50、100、200、300μmol·L~(-1))营养液中培养17 d,测定黄瓜幼苗地上部和根部的镉含量以及镉在叶片的亚细胞分布和其化学形态分布。结果表明:随镉浓度升高,转移系数逐渐降低,黄瓜由根向地上部对镉的转运能力减弱。时间或浓度处理均会显著增加黄瓜叶片各亚细胞组分镉含量,镉的富集比例趋势表现为可溶性部分细胞壁细胞器,其中可溶性部分镉含量占44.88%～84.94%,远大于细胞器(3.10%～17.05%)与细胞壁(11.20%～39.66%)。相同时间下,随镉处理浓度的增加,镉在细胞壁组分占比先升高后降低,可溶性部分镉的占比先降低后升高。同时随着处理时间延长,细胞壁组分镉占比降低,可溶性部分镉占比升高。黄瓜叶片中NaCl提取态镉占比最高(33.69%～54.23%),但随着镉浓度提高,乙醇提取态、H2O提取态镉占比升高。当镉浓度达到300μmol·L~(-1)时,黄瓜叶片中的镉形态以乙醇提取态、H2O提取态和NaCl提取态占优势。总的来看,在器官水平上,黄瓜通过限制镉由根部向地上部传递的方式,降低镉对黄瓜地上部的毒害;亚细胞水平上,细胞壁对镉的吸持和液泡区室化是黄瓜对镉胁迫下的重要解毒方式,其中以液泡的区室化占主导位置;在化学形态分布上,镉的化学形态转化也是黄瓜应对镉胁迫的重要耐性策略。     

基于遥感植被指数的西藏那曲地区畜牧业旱灾指数保险产品设计研究

青藏高原是我国重要的畜牧业基地,畜牧业生产长期受到旱灾的影响,在当地开展旱灾指数保险产品设计具有重要意义。以青藏高原中部的那曲地区为例,深入分析了当地畜牧业旱灾的主要特点。该地区春夏两季出现的干旱主要引起牧草长势差、牲畜入冬膘情不足、越冬死亡风险上升的情况。针对该情况,在保险支撑防灾的保险产品设计理念下,拟定了通过旱灾指数保险补偿牧民补饲所需的草料成本的指数产品设计框架。在此框架下,综述了几类主要的可表征草场和畜牧业旱灾的气象指标和遥感植被指数,确立了以遥感植被指数估算草地鲜重,测算相对减产率作为赔付依据的旱灾指数方案。利用那曲地区2001—2014年间的牧草生长季MODIS-NDVI数据,测算了保险赔付的触发标准,厘定了保险费率,并以2003年为例对该指数产品的赔付流程进行了说明。研究结果可为当地开办相关指数保险产品,防范畜牧业旱灾风险,促进边疆民族地区经济社会可持续发展提供科学依据。     

贡山县核桃增效配套技术

笔者在贡山县应用了核桃大树“开槽放水”杂劣品种嫁接改良技术、漾濞大泡核桃“2-3主枝自然开心形或2-3主枝开心圆头形”树形配置技术和“平衡施肥”技术,总结出了适合贡山县核桃增效的配套技术,供参考使用.