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排序方式: 共有142条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
101.
Okuda Y Kuroda M Ono M Chikata S Shibata I 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(10):1017-1025
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influences of genetic and antigenic variations in field isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) on vaccine efficacy. Four-week-old pigs were vaccinated with a commercial modified live virus vaccine. Four weeks after vaccination, pigs in both the vaccinated group and the non-vaccinated group were challenged intranasally with 10(7) TCID(50) of PRRSV wt-11 (Experiment 1) or PRRSV wt-7 (Experiment 2). Based on genome sequencing of ORF5 and cross neutralization test results, PRRSV wt-11 is similar to the vaccine strain, whereas wt-7 is distinct from the vaccine strain. In the vaccinated challenged groups, clinical signs were less severe, the mean rate of weight gain was greater, and gross lung lesions were less severe when compared with the non-vaccinated challenged groups in both experiments. In Experiment 1, the virus was isolated from serum at 3 days post-challenge, and the mean virus titers in broncho-alveolar lavage fluids (BALF) and tissues were lower in pigs in the vaccinated challenged groups compared with those in the non-vaccinated challenged group. In Experiment 2, virus isolation from serum, BALF and tissues showed no significant differences between the groups. These results suggest that commercial PRRSV vaccine could be effective in reducing clinical disease following a challenge with field isolates of PRRSV. However, with regards to virological protection, the efficacy of the vaccine may be affected by the nature of the PRRSV isolates. 相似文献
102.
The use of sonoelastography to assess the recovery of stiffness after equine superficial digital flexor tendon injuries: A preliminary prospective longitudinal study of the healing process 下载免费PDF全文
N. Tamura T. Nukada T. Kato T. Kuroda Y. Kotoyori K. Fukuda Y. Kasashima 《Equine veterinary journal》2017,49(5):590-595
103.
Projections of nutrient supply to a wakame (Undaria pinnatifida) seaweed farm on the Sanriku Coast of Japan 下载免费PDF全文
Shigeho Kakehi Kimiaki Naiki Takuya Kodama Taku Wagawa Hiroshi Kuroda Shin‐Ichi Ito 《Fisheries Oceanography》2018,27(4):323-335
Wakame (Undaria pinnatifida) aquaculture is one of the major fishery industries on the Sanriku Coast of Japan. Low concentrations of nutrients in the autumn, when the germinated wakame sporophytes are installed at aquaculture facilities, induce defective growth, resulting in withering. To determine the characteristics of the nutrient variations in this region, we conducted hydrographic measurements off the coast of Iwate Prefecture. The measured results showed that in the autumn, vertical mixing pumped nutrients from the deeper layers to the mixed layer, where nutrients had been depleted during the summer. Based on these results, we developed a one‐dimensional model incorporating vertical mixing by atmospheric cooling to project the vertical distribution of the nutrient concentrations. By conducting ensemble calculations, we created a probability projection calendar for the nutrient supply up to 50 days ahead. This information was provided to wakame farmers before they installed the germinated sporophytes. The projected probability calculated from the initial conditions on 11 October 2016 was 0% until 25 October and gradually increased to 85% on 30 November. The nitrate concentration detected by an ultraviolet nitrate sensor moored at a wakame farm revealed that the nutrient concentrations reached a critical threshold on 18 November. The projected probability on that date was 75%; therefore, the projection was successful. The observed temporal evolution of the temperature, salinity, and nutrient concentrations was well reproduced by our model. The information obtained using this model is expected to reduce the risk of wakame withering and improve the efficiency of wakame production. 相似文献
104.
Akinori Takasuka Hiroshi Kuroda Takeshi Okunishi Yugo Shimizu Yuichi Hirota Hiroshi Kubota Hideo Sakaji Ryo Kimura Shin‐Ichi Ito Yoshioki Oozeki 《Fisheries Oceanography》2014,23(4):304-321
The occurrence and density of Pacific saury Cololabis saira larvae and juveniles were examined in relation to environmental factors during the winter spawning season in the Kuroshio Current system, based on samples from extensive surveys off the Pacific coast of Japan in 2003–2012. Dense distributions of larvae and juveniles were observed in areas around and on the offshore side of the Kuroshio axis except during a large Kuroshio meander year (2005). The relationships of larval and juvenile occurrence and density given the occurrence to sea surface temperature (SST), salinity (SSS), and chlorophyll‐a concentration (CHL) were examined by generalized additive models for 10‐mm size classes up to 40 mm. In general, the optimal SST for larval and juvenile occurrence and density given the occurrence was consistently observed at 19–20°C. The patterns were more complex for SSS, but a peak in occurrence was observed at 34.75–34.80. In contrast, there were negative relationships of occurrence and density given the occurrence to CHL. These patterns tended to be consistent among different size classes, although the patterns differed for the smallest size class depending on environmental factors. Synthetically, the window for spawning and larval and juvenile occurrence and density seems to be largely determined by physical factors, in particular temperature. The environmental conditions which larvae and juveniles encounter would be maintained while they are transported. The survival success under the physically favorable but food‐poor conditions of the Kuroshio Current system could be key to their recruitment success. 相似文献
105.
The amaranthaceous dwarf glasswort, Swiss chard, table beet, spinach and Mexican tea were grown in solutions containing 0, 20, 40, 80, 120, 160, 180 and 200 mol m?3 sodium chloride (NaCl). Maximum growth and increase of biomass production compared to that at 0 mol m?3 of dwarf glasswort was observed at 200 mol m?3 (245%), and Swiss chard (146%), table beet (128%) and spinach (138%) at 80 mol m?3. The growth of these species increased with increasing sodium (Na) concentration of shoot until it reached 4.18, 2.42, 1.60 and 1.58 mol kg?1, respectively. These indicate that the order of Na-loving character is dwarf glasswort >> Swiss chard > table beet = spinach. The water contents increased with increasing Na concentration until growth reached maximum in dwarf glasswort and Swiss chard. In these highly Na-loving species, Na is activity transported to shoots and utilized for producing osmotic pressure to absorb water. 相似文献
106.
Genetic variants of Kudoa septempunctata (Myxozoa: Multivalvulida), a flounder parasite causing foodborne disease 下载免费PDF全文
F Takeuchi Y Ogasawara K Kato T Sekizuka T Nozaki Y Sugita‐Konishi T Ohnishi M Kuroda 《Journal of fish diseases》2016,39(6):667-672
Foodborne disease outbreaks caused by raw olive flounders (Paralichthys olivaceus) parasitized with Kudoa septempunctata have been reported in Japan. Origins of olive flounders consumed in Japan vary, being either domestic or imported, and aquaculture‐raised or natural. Although it is unknown whether different sources are associated with different outcomes, it is desirable to identify whether this is the case by determining whether unique K. septempunctata strains occur and if so, whether some are associated with foodborne illness. We here developed an intraspecific genotyping method, using the sequence variation of mitochondrial genes. We collected olive flounder samples from foodborne disease outbreaks, domestic fish farms or quarantine offices and investigated whether K. septempunctata genotype is associated with pathogenicity or geographic origin. The 104 samples were classified into three genotypes, ST1, ST2 and ST3. Frequency of symptomatic cases differed by genotypes, but the association was not statistically significant. Whereas K. septempunctata detected from aquaculture‐raised and natural fish from Japan were either ST1 or ST2, those from fish inspected at quarantine from Korea to Japan were ST3. Our method can be applied to phylogeographic analysis of K. septempunctata and contribute to containing the foodborne disease. The genotype database is hosted in the PubMLST website ( http://pubmlst.org/kseptempunctata/ ). 相似文献
107.
Hiroshi Kuroda Daisuke Takahashi Humio Mitsudera Tomonori Azumaya Takashi Setou 《Fisheries Science》2014,80(2):127-138
We developed a realistic 1/50° high-resolution ocean model capable of resolving submesoscale variability, and performed particle-tracking experiments based on this ocean model to identify elements that significantly affect the transport of the eggs and larvae of the Japanese Pacific walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma into Funka Bay. The high-resolution model reproduced representative features of the oceanographic conditions of the main spawning area and season. A comparison of particle-tracking experiments performed under the passive transport condition based on high-resolution (1/50°) and low-resolution (1/10°) ocean models showed that high-resolution modeling is essential in order to realistically simulate the transport process. In this regard, however, the vertical motion of particles cannot be explained by the passive transport condition, as it leads to unrealistically deep sinking of particles in the simulation. Turning our attention to feasible non-passive transport conditions, we then incorporated the buoyancy motion of particles and conducted additional experiments that mainly differed in the particle density adopted. We clarified that buoyancy is an important factor in the retention of particles near the sea surface, and that the ratio of the particles that remain in Funka Bay to the number of particles released is sensitive to the vertical motions/positions of the particles, implying that it is necessary to model this vertical motion more accurately by incorporating more realistic biological processes or a statistical distribution into the particle-tracking model. 相似文献
108.
Keiko Kuroda 《Journal of Forest Research》2012,17(1):58-64
Xylem dysfunction progresses rapidly in Pinus thunbergii infected with pine wilt disease. The present report deals with the timing and process of the extensive dehydration of tracheids
by embolism and the subsequent desiccation of the xylem with disease development. An ultrasonic acoustic emission (AE) technique
was used to detect embolisms in the xylem of pine trunks. In most of the P. thunbergii saplings inoculated with the pathogen Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the AE frequency suddenly increased in the second week after inoculation. The high-frequency AE continued for about 3 days
and into the nights. Harvesting of specimens at this time revealed that white air-filled patches, representing the dehydrated
and dysfunctional areas, had just emerged in the sapwood. The AE events in the night must be due to something other than embolisms
in healthy trees. Frequent embolism of tracheids, which was suggested by the elevation of the AE frequency, might occur due
to the decrease in the tensile strength of xylem sap. This hypothesis is supported by previously reported data. Host cells
that had reacted to infection with B. xylophilus produce and release chemicals which can lower the surface tension of xylem sap. During the second increase of AEs, most of
which occurred in the third week, xylem desiccation and needle yellowing progressed. Needle fading then became distinct, and
the tree was close to death when the AE frequency dropped during the fourth week. By monitoring the AE, the first physiological
abnormality that took place very early after infection was detected. 相似文献
109.
Ken Watanabe Isao Kobayashi Naohiro Kuroda Masaki Harada Shuichi Noshiro 《Journal of Wood Science》2012,58(5):383-390
We propose a non-destructive method to predict the oven-dry density of Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy so as to calibrate a commercial moisture meter. A prediction model for oven-dry density was developed using NIR spectra obtained from Sugi samples with a known density. The density of air-dried Sugi boards was predicted with the developed model. Then, the moisture content (MC) of the boards was measured by a hand-held capacitance-type and an in-line microwave moisture meters. For each board, the moisture meters were calibrated by the predicted density. The predicted density was correlated with the measured one with an R 2 of 0.81 and a standard error of prediction (SEP) of 15.3 kg/m3 within the measured density of 279.2–436.4 kg/m3, indicating that the developed model was applicable for predicting oven-dry density of Sugi. The MC readings of both moisture meters showed a good correlation with the oven-dry MC that ranged from 12.1 to 28.9 %. For both moisture meters, the density calibration with the NIR-predicted density gave a higher R 2 and a lower SEP than with the conventional calibration with the mean density. These results demonstrate that the present density calibration using NIR spectroscopy could improve the performance of the moisture meters for the air-dried Sugi boards with varying densities. 相似文献
110.
Nishiyama T Mae T Kishida H Tsukagawa M Mimaki Y Kuroda M Sashida Y Takahashi K Kawada T Nakagawa K Kitahara M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(4):959-963
Turmeric, the rhizome of Curcuma longa L., has a wide range of effects on human health. The chemistry includes curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids as components, which are known to have antioxidative, anticarcinogenic, and antiinflammatory activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of three turmeric extracts on blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetic KK-A(y) mice (6 weeks old, n = 5/group). These turmeric extracts were obtained by ethanol extraction (E-ext) to yield both curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids, hexane extraction (H-ext) to yield sesquiterpenoids, and ethanol extraction from hexane-extraction residue (HE-ext) to yield curcuminoids. The control group was fed a basal diet, while the other groups were fed a diet containing 0.1 or 0.5 g of H-ext or HE-ext/100 g of diet or 0.2 or 1.0 g of E-ext/100 g of diet for 4 weeks. Although blood glucose levels in the control group significantly increased (P < 0.01) after 4 weeks, feeding of 0.2 or 1.0 g of E-ext, 0.5 g of H-ext, and 0.5 g of HE-ext/100 g of diet suppressed the significant increase in blood glucose levels. Furthermore, E-ext stimulated human adipocyte differentiation, and these turmeric extracts had human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) ligand-binding activity in a GAL4-PPAR-gamma chimera assay. Also, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, and ar-turmerone had PPAR-gamma ligand-binding activity. These results indicate that both curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids in turmeric exhibit hypoglycemic effects via PPAR-gamma activation as one of the mechanisms, and suggest that E-ext including curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids has the additive or synergistic effects of both components. 相似文献