Development of Gene‐derived SNP Markers and Their Application for the Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Wild and Cultured Populations in Sea Cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus

The Apostichopus japonicus is a valuable aquaculture species in China. In this study, 51 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified from expressed sequence tags of sea cucumber using high‐resolution melting. The average observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) were 0.2462 and 0.2897, respectively. Thirty‐two of these loci were used for estimating the genetic similarity and variation between the five hatchery stocks from China and two wild stocks from Japan. No significant differences in Ho or He were observed between the wild and hatchery populations. The pairwise Fst (which ranged from 0.0119 to 0.0236) and the genetic identity (which varied from 0.9802 to 0.9915) showed no significant differentiation between the wild and cultured stocks. The analysis of molecular variance indicated the source of variation was at the level of “within the populations.” The information on the genetic variation and differentiation in cultured and wild populations of A. japonicus obtained in this study is useful for setting up suitable guidelines for founding and maintaining of cultured stocks and for future genetic improvement by selective breeding.     

Periplaneta americana peptide decreases apoptosis of pig-ovary granulosa cells induced by H2O2 through FoxO1

Oxidative stress can induce apoptosis of granulosa cells and lead to follicular atresia, thereby reducing the number of pigs giving birth. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Periplaneta americana peptide (PAP) on the apoptosis of the granulosa cells of pig ovaries (PGCs) induced by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) via FoxO1. PGCs were treated with H₂O₂ to establish a cell apoptosis model. Cell viability was measured using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and cell apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry. The malondialdehyde (MDA) level and nitric oxide (NO) content were detected to reflect the oxidative stress. Western blotting, qRT-PCR and overexpression were undertaken to determine the expression of FoxO1 and caspase-3, and immunofluorescence was used to detect FoxO1 in the nucleus and cytoplasm. PGCs were treated with 100 μM H₂O₂ for 6 hr, which resulted in oxidative damage and apoptosis and an apoptosis rate for PGCs of 32.95%. Next, PGCs were treated with 400 μg/ml PAP for 24 hr to repair the apoptosis induced by H₂O₂. PAP improved cell viability in H₂O₂-stimulated PGCs, the increased MDA level and NO content caused by H₂O₂ stimulation were reversed and the apoptotic rate of PGCs was reduced. The qRT-PCR and Western blotting results indicated that PAP decreased the H₂O₂-induced apoptosis and the expression of FoxO1 and caspase-3 in PGCs. The effect of PAP was the same following FoxO1 overexpression. FoxO1 was expressed in the nucleus when stimulated by H₂O₂ or overexpression; however, it migrated to the cytoplasm following PAP treatment. PAP decreased the apoptosis of PGCs induced by H₂O₂ by regulating FoxO1 expression and nuclear translocation.     

基于计算机断层扫描技术的木材密度检测研究

使用计算机断层扫描技术进行原木无损检测,通过对原木树种断层 CT 值的统计,对 CT 设备在检测过程中的窗宽与窗位进行了设定,同时拟合出了木材 CT 值一密度值的线性方程,为原木缺陷的无损检测及木材密度的测定提供一种新方法。     

PCR方法检测2型猪链球菌2种毒力因子

根据 2型猪链球菌毒力因子溶菌酶释放蛋白 (MRP)与细胞外蛋白因子 (EF)基因 (mrp与 epf)序列 ,分别设计、合成一对引物 ,建立聚合酶链反应 (PCR)方法。该方法扩增出 2型菌株的 mrp大小为 885 bp,epf为 62 6bp,而对马链球菌兽疫亚种 (C群 )、猪丹毒杆菌、猪肺疫巴氏杆菌、猪肺炎霉形体等 PCR均未扩增出任何条带。用 Xba 和 H ae 分别酶切 PCR扩增产物 ,均获得与预计一致的酶切图谱 ,PCR扩增产物测序结果显示 :其基因序列分别与 Gen Bank上公布的mrp全基因第 5 0 0～ 1 3 1 5位碱基及 epf全基因第 2 441～ 3 0 2 8碱基对一致。PCR检测的敏感度可达 1 0 0个细菌。用建立的 PCR对从病猪体内分离的菌株进行检测 ,检测的 1 5株 2型分离株中有 1 3株 mrp与 epf均为阳性 ,为典型的高毒力表现型菌株 (mrp epf ) ,1株为 mrp epf- ,1株为 mrp- epf- 。     

滨旋花和兴安天门冬种子萌发特性的研究

从温度、pH值、盐分及混播方面对滨旋花和兴安天门冬种子萌发特性进行了研究。结果表明，滨旋花种子萌发的适宜温度为15～2．3℃，最适温度为20℃；而兴安天门冬种子萌发的适宜温度为23-28℃，其中25℃时发芽率最高；二者的种子适合在稍偏碱性环境下萌发；盐分对种子的萌发有抑制作用。滨旋花种子硬实率高，属于环境强迫休眠，人工处理种皮，可以解除休眠。     

不同灌水量对枸杞土壤水分动态及蒸散耗水规律的影响

为了充分利用有限的水资源,调节土壤水分状况,根据枸杞生育期内土壤水分的变化特点,利用时域反射仪,在非称重式蒸渗仪（测坑）中研究不同灌水量下枸杞土壤水分动态变化和耗水规律。结果表明：灌水是影响枸杞园内土壤水分变化重要因素,土壤水分的消耗主要依靠灌水来补充;枸杞耗水量显著受土壤水分的影响,土壤越湿润,耗水量也越大;受温度和枸杞生长的影响,不同水分条件下枸杞月耗水高峰在5-9月,最高月耗水量在7月;最高旬耗水量分别在5月下旬、6月中旬和7月下旬;阶段耗水量的趋势均表现为：盛果期＞盛花期＞营养生长期＞秋果生长期＞秋果采收期。     

小麦4B染色体上LOX基因的等位变异及其区域分布

为了解中国不同麦区小麦种质资源籽粒脂肪氧化酶（lipoxygenase,LOX）活性相关基因TaLox-B1的差异和分布,利用小麦4B染色体上的功能标记LOX16和LOX18对7个麦区的436份种质资源进行分子检测。结果表明：在供试材料中共检测到3种TaLox-B1基因等位变异类型,分别为TaLox-B1a（与高LOX活性相关)、TaLox-B1b（与低LOX活性相关）和杂合型,其频率分别为19.0％、70.4％和10.6％。小麦LOX活性基因不同变异类型在各生态区的分布存在明显差异：基因型TaLox-B1a在黄淮冬麦区、北部冬麦区和长江中下游冬麦区分布较多,其比例分别为21.1%、19.8%和17.6%;基因型TaLox-B1b在西南冬麦区和长江中下游冬麦区分布较多,比例分别为87.9%、72.5%;杂合型仅存在于北部冬麦区、黄淮冬麦区与长江中下游冬麦区,比例分别为14.2%、12.4%和9.8%。利用标记LOX16和LOX18对53个自选高代品系进行分子检测,发现自选品系仅有TaLox-B1b与杂合型两种基因型,其中基因型TaLox-B1ab有32个,比例为60.4%。采用分子标记辅助选择,有利于快速鉴定小麦籽粒LOX活性,加速LOX的遗传改良和新品种选育。     

广东韶关国家森林公园药用植物资源分析

通过植物资源野外调查、标本采集和鉴定,对广东韶关国家森林公园药用植物资源进行了统 计分析。结果表明,广东韶关国家森林公园共有药用植物 507 种,隶属 122 科 343 属;其中蕨类药用植 物 18 科 21 属 30 种,裸子植物 1 科 1 属 1 种,被子植物 103 科 321 属 476 种;全草类、性凉类和清热类 分别在按用药部位、药性和功效分类中种数占比最高;整理了当地常见药用植物名录,并对该园野生药 用植物资源的保护和利用提出了建议,如建立野生药用植物数据库、建立小药园或开发相关旅游产品等。     

理性看待当前的蔬菜价格波动

分析了中国当前蔬菜价格低迷的现状,剖析了价格持续走低的原因,展望了后市蔬菜价格的运行趋势,揭示了蔬菜价格波动的合理性,提出应科学、辩证、理性地去认识其波动,使市场在蔬菜资源配置中发挥决定性作用,进而从消费引导、扶持政策、监测预警、产销模式等角度提出相关政策建议。     

森林健康评价研究综述

森林健康评价问题是当今社会的核心话题,做好森林健康评价可为森林健康经营、生态环境治理及林业发展提供理论依据。本文结合我国森林现状对森林健康和森林健康评价的概念进行归纳,从经营、生态的角度分别阐述森林健康的特征,并提出综合型特征。建立评价指标体系是国内外研究森林健康的首要任务与难题,其中指标的选择应随目标不同而相应变化,对此总结我国在该方面最具代表性的研究成果。指标权重的确定和评价森林健康的方法较多,我国常将层次分析法与专家打分法相结合使用。最后提出现阶段我国进行森林健康评价时存在的问题,以及根据所出现的问题对森林的未来发展趋势进行分析。