‘库尔勒香梨’果实外观描述概况及其调控研究进展

该文对‘库尔勒香梨’果实不同外观特征的名称进行了综述,包括花萼脱落的果实、花萼宿存的果实,萼端凹陷的果实、萼端突起的果实,"公梨""母梨",粗皮果、畸形果。并提出统一名称的合理建议。还对‘库尔勒香梨’果实外观调控研究进展加以综述。     

一期后矢状入路肛门直肠成形术治疗中,高位无肛（附5例报告）

１９９１～１９９３年６月，采用一期后矢状入路肛门直肠成形术治疗５例中、高位无肛病儿。结果：５例中除１例术后第２天因硬肿症死亡外，余４例术后大便控制功能与同龄正常儿相近（其中１例术后在熟睡时偶有少许稀便排出，但３个月后与正常儿相近）。讨论了该术式的可行性及优越性，并提出了适应征及注意事项。     

金钱豹消化试验

为探讨金钱豹对含植物性成分的混合日粮的消化情况,采用市售某品牌罐装犬粮(简称罐头组)饲喂7只金钱豹,测定其主要营养成分的表观消化率,同时设牛肉和瘦猪肉组成的纯肉日粮(简称纯肉组)作为对照。结果表明,纯肉组干物质、粗蛋白、脂肪、能量等主要营养成分的表观消化率分别为：(97．37±0．69)％、(98 98±0．32)％、(97．78±0．47)％、(98．30±0 43)％,罐头组干物质、粗蛋白、脂肪、能量等主要营养成分的表观消化率分别为：(74．49±4．18)％、(85．74±1．50)％、(90．45±5．02)％、(94．92±3．27)％。其中干物质和蛋白质的表观消化率组问呈极显著差异(P＜0．01),脂肪的表观消化率组间达显著差异(P＜0．05),而能量的表观消化率组间差异不显著(P＞0．05)。     

体细胞数对发酵乳品质的影响研究

为确定用于生产发酵乳的原料乳质量标准,以提高发酵乳产品品质,选用蒙牛自有牧场30头不同健康状况、不同泌乳期的荷斯坦牛原料乳,按体细胞数分为低于20万个/mL组、20万-80万个/mL组及大于80万个/mL组,在发酵乳制备的当天及样品冷藏后的第1、7、14、21天分别测定发酵的产酸曲线、发酵乳的质构特性。结果表明,随着原料乳中体细胞数的增加,产品黏度下降,弹性降低,硬度增加,pH值降低,品质下降。     

Prevalence of bovine genital campylobacteriosis and trichomonosis of bulls in northern Nigeria

Background

A survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of campylobacteriosis and trichomonosis, and their concurrence with brucellosis, in cattle in three states of northern Nigeria.

Methods

A total of 602 preputial samples was collected from bulls in 250 herds and tested using culture and identification. Various indigenous and exotic breeds were studied and four major management systems were encountered. Age of the cattle was estimated using dentition, farm records or cornual rings.

Results

The estimated true animal-level prevalence of Campylobacter fetus infection was 16.4% (95% CI: 13.0-20.7), of which 18.5% was C. f. fetus and 81.5% was C. f. venerealis. Of the latter, 92% were C. f. venerealis biovar intermedius strains. Animal-level prevalences in Adamawa, Kano and Kaduna states were 31.8%, 11.6% and 8.3% respectively, and were highest in bulls >7 years old (33.4%) and in the Gudali breed (28.8%). Of the 250 herds, 78 (25.5%, 95% CI: 19.4-32.7) had at least one infected bull, and herd prevalence was highest in the pastoral management system (43.5%). After adjustment for confounding using multivariable analysis, the odds of C. fetus infection were highest in Adamawa state (P < 0.01), in the pastoral management system (P < 0.01), and in bulls >7 years old (P = 0.01), and tended to be higher in Bos taurus breeds (P = 0.06). There was a strong positive association between the presence of campylobacteriosis and brucellosis (P < 0.01), both within bulls (OR = 8.3) and within herds (OR = 16.0). Trichomonosis was not detected in any herds.

Conclusion

Bovine genital campylobacteriosis is prevalent particularly in the pastoral management system in northern Nigeria, with C. f. venerealis biovar intermedius as the major aetiology. There was a strong positive correlation between the occurrence of campylobacteriosis and brucellosis. No evidence of trichomonosis was found in herds in this study.     

基于注意力机制神经网络的荒漠区蒸散量模拟

该研究对基于注意力机制的长短期记忆（Attention-Based Long Short Term Memory,AT-LSTM）模型对蒸散量（Evapotranspiration,ET）模拟的可行性和有效性进行验证,以提高环境数据缺失情况下的蒸散量模拟精度。基于盐池县2012-2017年的每30 min环境数据,利用不同环境因子组合构建基于注意力机制的LSTM模型,并将其与极限学习机（Extreme Learning Machine,ELM）模型、支持向量机（Support Vector Machine,SVM）模型、长短期记忆（Long Short Term Memory,LSTM）模型在日尺度、月尺度和季节尺度上进行对比分析。结果表明：与其他3种模型相比,当输入环境因子变化时,AT-LSTM模型模拟精度变化很小,模拟效果均较好。当输入空气温度、净辐射、相对湿度、土壤温度、土壤含水率所有环境因子时,基于AT-LSTM模型的模拟效果最好,均方根误差（Root Mean Square Error,RMSE）为0.013 mm/30 min,平均绝对误差（Mean Absolute Error,MAE）为0.006 mm/30 min,相关系数（Correlation Coefficient,R）值为0.905。且无论是从小时尺度、日尺度和月尺度来看,AT-LSTM模型的模拟效果均优于其他3种模型。在环境因子缺失的情况下,净辐射对盐池县ET的模拟贡献程度最大,仅输入净辐射时,AT-LSTM模型模拟得到的RMSE和MAE分别为0.014、0.007 mm/30 min,R为0.892。AT-LSTM模型模拟精度高,模型稳定性强,对蒸散量模拟预测具有一定的适用性,仅输入净辐射的AT-LSTM模型可以作为环境数据缺失条件下的蒸散量预测模型。     

Monitoring of QoI fungicide resistance in Plasmopara viticola populations in Japan

BACKGROUND: The increasing occurrence of QoI fungicide resistance in Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & MA Curtis) Berl. & DeToni populations is becoming a serious problem in the control of grapevine downy mildew. In Japan, the existence of QoI‐fungicide‐resistant P. viticola was reported in 2009. RESULTS: The QoI fungicide resistance in P. viticola samples collected from vineyards in Japan in 2008 and 2009 was monitored. Resistant P. viticola were detected in the regions where QoI fungicides have been introduced in accordance with the pest management programme, whereas in Hokkaido vineyards, where QoI fungicides have not yet been introduced, QoI‐fungicide‐resistant P. viticola were not found. CONCLUSION: Japan comprises thousands of islands and is physically isolated from other countries by the sea. Monitoring the emergence, incidence and distribution of QoI fungicide resistance in P. viticola populations in Japan is necessary to improve pest management strategies for downy mildew disease in Japanese vineyards. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

On the Analysis of EMCS and Its Application in the Project of Shenzhen Underground

In this paper, the selection of type, function and technological requirements of EMCS for Shenzhen Underground has been introduced.Based on the investigation for EMCS's worldwide applications and the analysis of practice in Shenzhen Underground, the comparison and selection of PLC and DDC have been done completely.At the same time,the introduction of EMCS is organized by the center level, station level and the spot level.