霜霉菌侵染后葡萄叶片酵母双杂交cDNA文库构建

[目的]构建霜霉菌侵染后葡萄叶片的酵母双杂交cDNA文库,筛选致病因子在寄主葡萄体内的互作靶标,为葡萄霜霉病菌致病的分子机理研究提供材料基础.[方法]以一年生欧亚种葡萄西拉盆栽苗为试验材料,提取并等量混合霜霉菌侵染后0、12、18、24和36 h的葡萄叶片总RNA,利用基于Gateway技术的CloneMiner II cDNA文库构建试剂盒:首先将cDNA与pDONR222载体进行BP重组反应连接,连接产物转化大肠杆菌DH10B感受态细胞构建初级文库;然后初级文库质粒与pGADT7-DEST载体通过LR重组反应,重组反应产物转化大肠杆菌DH10B感受态细胞构建次级文库;再随机挑取次级文库转化Y187酵母菌株构建酵母双杂交cDNA文库;最后利用ImageJ软件和PCR反应分别统计库容量和鉴定重组率.[结果]构建的初级文库库容量为4.6×107 CFU,次级文库库容量为2.7×107 CFU,均达到构建cDNA文库的标准.酵母双杂交cDNA文库的插入片段主要集中在1000~2000 bp,且具有很好的多态性,文库质量较高.[结论]构建的霜霉菌诱导葡萄叶片酵母双杂交cDNA文库符合酵母双杂交筛选要求,可用于筛选霜霉菌致病效应蛋白在寄主体内的靶标及霜霉菌侵染寄主葡萄早期抑制寄主免疫过程中的致病机理研究.     

酵母单杂交文库构建及巨峰葡萄VvFT基因启动子上游调控因子筛选

[目的]利用酵母单杂交文库筛选巨峰葡萄VvFT基因启动子上游调控因子,挖掘参与调控葡萄开花时间的因子,为揭示花期转变代谢通路和定向改良葡萄品种提供理论参考.[方法]利用PlantCARE分析预测VvFT基因启动子顺式作用元件,并以VvFT基因启动子为诱饵,利用酵母单杂交文库筛选技术,筛选作用在VvFT基因启动子上游的调控因子.[结果]葡萄VvFT基因启动子区域存在13种启动子顺式作用元件,包括A-box、CAAT-box和TATA-box组成型调控元件;光响应调控元件ATC-motif、Box 4、G-Box和GT1-motif;茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)响应调控元件CGTCA-motif和TGACG-motif;干旱诱导的MYB结合位点元件MBS;玉米蛋白代谢必需的调控元件O2-site;参与生物钟控制的调控元件circadian;厌氧诱导必需调控元件ARE.以VvFT基因启动子为诱饵,筛选获得34条表达序列标签(EST),其中有21条为未知功能,有13条在植物生长、抗逆防御、信号转导、转录调控、蛋白酶等方面均有已知或预测的功能,包括转录抑制因子ft41、GRF1互作因子ft44、NAP1相关蛋白ft64及ft70分子伴侣DnaJ10.酵母单杂交点对点验证结果表明VvDnaJ10和VvFT基因启动子之间有相互作用.[结论]通过酵母单杂交文库筛选获取13条候选EST,虽然大部分EST功能预测分析结果与VvFT调控开花时间无明显的直接关系,但研究结果为进一步探索VvFT转录或表达水平控制葡萄开花时间的分子机制提供侯选基因.     

论农业文化遗产保护与美丽乡村建设——以云南为例

党的十九大提出了乡村振兴战略,美丽乡村是农业文明的重要体现,是中华民族的文化根脉和精神家园。云南有着丰厚的农业文化遗产,本文从农业文化遗产地村落景观保护、特有农作物品种保护和加大农业文化遗产宣传保护等层面,提出了挖掘云南农业文化遗产及建设云南美丽乡村的对策建议。     

色氨酰-tRNA合成酶基因WRS1调控水稻种子发育

【目的】氨酰-tRNA合成酶（aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, aaRSs）与遗传信息传递密切相关,已发现植物中aaRSs家族蛋白在维持翻译功能之余,还参与配子发生与胚发育、质体的早期发育以及免疫信号的感知与病害防御等生物学过程。本研究利用水稻胚乳发育缺陷突变体,分析水稻色氨酰-tRNA合成酶（WRS1）在胚乳发育中的作用,证明WRS1基因编码一个影响水稻胚乳发育的关键因子。【方法】本研究通过甲烷磺酸乙酯（ethyl methane sulfonate, EMS）诱变籼稻（Oryza sativa subsp. indica）品种N22,筛选到一个稳定遗传的水稻粉质胚乳突变体（wrs1）,图位克隆获得目标基因。对wrs1成熟种子进行形态学观察以及淀粉相关理化性质测定,利用细胞学切片分析wrs1发育中胚乳的结构,利用实时荧光定量PCR（quantitative real-time PCR, qRT-PCR）和GUS活性染色分析基因表达模式,通过qRT-PCR比较野生型与突变体花后12 d胚乳中淀粉合成相关基因表达情况,免疫印迹检测野生型与突变体成熟种子中淀粉合成酶蛋白积累情况,使用全自动氨基酸分析仪测定游离氨基酸含量。【结果】 wrs1突变体幼苗表现出明显的发育滞后且逐渐蔫萎死亡,从杂合突变体（WRS1wrs1）中分离到的粉质籽粒呈现明显的腹部皱缩,粒厚、千粒重下降,同时总淀粉含量下降,糊化淀粉的峰值黏度和崩解值均低于野生型。wrs1突变体发育胚乳中复合淀粉颗粒变小,排列疏松。WRS1定位于第12染色体长臂约183 kb的区间内,测序发现编码色氨酰-tRNA合成酶（tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, WRS）基因的第6外显子上发生单碱基替换,导致一个保守位置上的甲硫氨酸被替换。wrs1突变体中大部分淀粉合成相关基因表达量下调,且野生型与突变体间基因表达的变化与相应蛋白积累的差异存在不一致的趋势。wrs1突变体籽粒中蛋白质积累降低,而游离氨基酸含量显著升高。【结论】 WRS1编码色氨酰-tRNA合成酶,该基因突变后通过影响氨基酸稳态和蛋白质合成,造成淀粉合成相关基因异常表达从而影响淀粉的合成与积累,导致种子发育缺陷。     

Mechanism of elemene enhancing radiosensitivity of human glioma U251 cells

AIM To investigate the effect of elemene on the radiosensitivity of human glioma U251 cells and its mechanism. METHODS The U251 cells were used as a glioma model in vitro, and were exposed to different concentrations of elemene and different doses of radiation. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay, the apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the related protein levels were determined by Western blot. RESULTS Elemene inhibited the viability of U251 cells in vitro and enhanced the radiosensitivity of the cells. The cells in radiotherapy combined with elemene group had higher rates of early apoptosis, secondary necrosis and total cell death than those in radiation group. Elemene induced G₂/M phase arrest in the U251 cells. Elemene reduced the protein expression of cell division cycle protein 2 （Cdc2）, which resulted in the decrease in cyclin B1 expression induced by radiotherapy, thereby inhibiting the formation of cyclin B-Cdc2 complex. Elemene reduced Cdc2 activity by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Cdc2 protein at threonine 161, thereby inducing G₂/M phase arrest in the cells. It also mediated apoptosis by down-regulating survivin expression. CONCLUSION Elemene may increase the sensitivity of U251 cells to radiotherapy by down-regulating Cdc2 protein, decreasing cyclin B1 expression, inhibiting the formation of cylcin B-Cdc2 complex and down-regulating the expression of survivin.     

Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in trimethylamine N-oxide-induced oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

AIM: To investigate whether endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)-mediated oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS: The cell viability was examined by CCK-8 assay. The cells were stained by DCFH-DA, and the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed by phase-contrast microscopy and detected by flow cytometric analysis. The protein levels of phospho-IRE-1α, IRE-1α and GRP78/BiP were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: TMAO exerted no significant effect on the viability of HUVECs. For a long period (>24 h), even a low concentration (10 μmol/L) of TMAO increased the oxidative stress level in the HUVECs (P<0.05). TMAO increased the phosphorylation level of IRE-1α and significantly up-regulated the protein level of GRP78/BiP in HUVECs (P<0.01). Pretreatment with STF-083010, an inhibitor of IRE1α, for 1 h reduced TMAO-induced oxidative stress in HUVECs (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in TMAO-induced oxidative stress in HUVECs.