S100a10基因对小鼠前体脂肪细胞白色和棕色成脂分化的影响

旨在用小鼠模型探究全基因组关联分析(GWAS)筛选到的西门塔尔牛大理石花纹评分性状正相关基因S100钙结合蛋白A10( S100A10 )对小鼠前体脂肪细胞成脂分化的影响。本研究以来源于C57BL/6品系小鼠腹股沟两侧白色脂肪组织的前体脂肪细胞为材料,体外进行白色/棕色成脂分化。通过siRNA干扰 S100a10 基因表达,通过油红O染色检测前体脂肪细胞分化效果,通过荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)、蛋白免疫印迹和细胞免疫荧光检测基因和蛋白表达变化。结果显示,敲低 S100a10 后,通过油红O染色发现脂滴明显变少;通过qRT-PCR检测白色成脂分化标志基因 Pparg 、 C/ebpa 、 Fabp4 、 Glut4 、 Adiponectin 、 Leptin 表达量显著下降( P <0.01);棕色成脂分化基因 Ucp1、Pgc1a、Fabp4、Elovl3、Cox7a 表达量显著下降( P <0.01)。敲低 S100a10 后,通过蛋白免疫印迹检测发现,FABP4和PPARG在白色成脂分化中表达量显著下降( P <0.01),通过细胞免疫荧光检测发现FABP4在白色成脂分化中表达量下降;敲低 S100a10 后通过蛋白免疫印迹和细胞免疫荧光检测发现,UCP1和FABP4在棕色成脂分化中表达量显著下降( P <0.01)。综上表明,敲低 S100a10 基因后抑制小鼠前体脂肪细胞的白色/棕色成脂分化,本研究将为探究 S100A10 基因对于肉牛肌内脂肪沉积的影响提供科学依据。     

Quantitative structure-activity relationships of the fungicidal methyl N-phenylcarbamates

For 69 methyl N-phenylcarbamates having various benzene ring substituents, the fungicidal activity was determined against Botrytis cinerea resistant to benzimidazole fungicides by the agar medium dilution method. The structure-activity relationships were analyzed quantitatively using such physicochemical substituent parameters as hydrophobic π, steric B₅, and HB (hydrogen bonding) with the Hansch-Fujita method (C. Hansch and T. Fujita, J. Amer. Chem. Soc.86, 1616 1964). The hydrophobicity of substituents was favorable to the acitivity. The effect was position-specific, the importance being in the order of ortho meta > para. The activity was related parabolically to the maximum width of one of the m-substituents having the larger dimension. The hydrogen acceptability of p-substituents enhanced the activity. The preventive activity of compounds against gray mold of cucumber caused by the resistant B. cinerea, which was determined by the foliar application in pot tests, was dependent on the magnitude of the fungicidal activity and hydrophobicity of the compounds as analyzed by the adaptive least-squares method.     

河南部分地区H9亚型禽流感病毒的分离鉴定及交叉免疫攻毒保护试验

为了分离鉴定河南漯河、郑州H9亚型禽流感病毒及交叉免疫攻毒保护试验。于2011年用SPF鸡胚从河南漯河、郑州疑似感染H9亚型禽流感病毒的病料中分离出2株病毒,通过血凝及血凝抑制试验和RT-PCR方法进行鉴定,确定为AIV H9亚型;用河南省动物性食品安全重点实验室于2001年分离的2株H9亚型禽流感病毒分别制成油乳剂灭活疫苗免疫SPF鸡,然后再用上述4株病毒对免疫鸡群进行交叉攻毒,进行交叉免疫保护试验,测定其交叉免疫保护作用。结果表明：成功分离出2株H9亚型禽流感病毒;用2001年分离毒株所制备出的灭活疫苗免疫鸡后,试验鸡体内抗H9亚型禽流感HI抗体效价均明显上升,平均HI效价均大于11log2,不同毒株所诱导产生的HI抗体效价存在一定的差异;不同时期及地点分离的H9亚型禽流感流行毒株间均产生了较好的交叉保护,且同一地区的保护率更高,2001年的分离株对目前的流行毒株仍有很好的保护作用。     

Survey of porcine proliferative enteritis in the Tohoku District of Japan

A survey of proliferative enteritis (PE) in pigs at a meat processing plant was conducted using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing methods. During the investigation period, 227 of 83,717 pigs brought to the meat processing plant from Iwate, Fukushima, Miyagi, Niigata, and Yamagata Prefectures displayed characteristic general pathological features in terminal ileum, including mucosal hypertrophy and reticulation of serosal surface. Of these, 179 cases were further examined in the laboratory. All cases displayed characteristic histopathological features, and the specific band of the Lawsonia intracellularis (Li) causative agent of PE in pigs was detected in 155 cases by PCR testing methods. These results suggested a general infiltration of Li in the Tohoku district.     

Utility of progesterone receptor-ires-Cre to generate conditional knockout mice for uterine study

In mice, the conditional knockout strategy using the Cre-loxP system is useful for various types of research. The Cre mouse line with progesterone receptor promoter (Pgr^Cre) has been widely used to produce specific uterine gene-deficient mice, but in the Cre line, endogenous Pgr gene is replaced by Cre recombinase gene, which makes the breeding of homozygous mice (Pgr^Cre/Cre) difficult because they are infertile. Yang et al. (2013, https://10.1016/j.cell.2013.04.017 ) reported the generation of another Pgr^iresCre mouse line that still has endogenous Pgr gene, and they inserted Cre recombinase downstream of the Pgr gene via an internal ribosome entry site (IRES). It is possible that this new Pgr^iresCre line would be useful for uterine research as the mice can be bred as homozygotes (Pgr^{iresCre/iresCre}). Herein, we confirmed the Pgr^iresCre mice effectively directed recombination in the female reproductive tract and was capable of genetic alteration in the endometrium that enables the studies of its uterine function. Our findings demonstrate that the new Pgr^iresCre mouse line is also useful for the generation of uterine-specific knockout mice. The findings using Pgr^iresCre mouse will contribute to the understanding of reproductive systems and diseases in humans and domestic animals.     

SEM observations on larval shell morphology of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum and their utility

Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum is common and abundant on Japanese tidal flats, forming a commercially important clam fishery. However, annual catches of Manila clam have decreased drastically since 1975?C1985. To study larval recruitment processes of Manila clam, we carried out scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations on larval and juvenile shells of clams reared at 20 and 24?°C. There was no significant difference in final shell length of trochophores between 20 and 24?°C. However, the larval duration was much longer and the shell length of settled size of pediveligers was much larger for clams reared at 20?°C than those reared at 24?°C. These findings suggest that larval duration and growth, as well as settlement size, may vary markedly depending on temperature (and probably on season). The larval shell morphology of Manila clam can provide essential information about larval recruitment processes.     

Water loss regulation in mature Hevea brasiliensis: effects of intermittent drought in the rainy season and hydraulic regulation

Effects of soil and atmospheric drought on whole-tree transpiration (E(T)), leaf water potential (Ψ(L)) and whole-tree hydraulic conductance (K(T)) were investigated in mature rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis, clone RRIM 600) during the full canopy stage in the rainy season in a drought-prone area of northeast Thailand. Under well-watered soil conditions, transpiration was tightly regulated in response to high evaporative demand, i.e., above reference evapotranspiration (ET(0)) ~2.2 mm day(-1) or maximum vapor pressure deficit ~1.8 kPa. When the trees experienced intermittent soil drought E(T) decreased sharply when relative extractable water in the top soil was?相似文献   

Long-lived volcanism on the lunar farside revealed by SELENE Terrain Camera

We determined model ages of mare deposits on the farside of the Moon on the basis of the crater frequency distributions in 10-meter-resolution images obtained by the Terrain Camera on SELENE (Selenological and Engineering Explorer) (Kaguya). Most mare volcanism that formed mare deposits on the lunar farside ceased at approximately 3.0 billion years ago, suggesting that mare volcanism on the Moon was markedly reduced globally during this period. However, several mare deposits at various locations on the lunar farside also show a much younger age, clustering at approximately 2.5 billion years ago. These young ages indicate that mare volcanism on the lunar farside lasted longer than was previously considered and may have occurred episodically.     

Molecular characteristics of horse phospholipase C zeta (PLCζ)

A sperm‐specific phospholipase C (PLC), PLCzeta (PLCζ), is thought to underlie the initiation of calcium ([Ca²⁺]_i) oscillations that induce egg activation in mammals. In large domestic species, only bovine, porcine and recently equine PLCζ have been cloned, and the physiological functions of these molecules have not been fully characterized. Here, we evaluated the physiological functions of equine PLCζ (ePLCζ) in mouse oocytes. ePLCζ was cloned from testis using RT‐PCR. The expression of ePLCζ messenger RNA was confirmed in testis but not in other tissues. Microinjection of ePLCζ complementary RNA (cRNA) into mouse oocytes induced long‐lasting [Ca²⁺]_i oscillations, and most of the injected oocytes formed pronuclei (PN). The injection of cRNAs encoding horse, mouse, human and cow PLCζ into mouse oocytes showed that ePLCζ had the highest [Ca²⁺]_i oscillation‐inducing activity among the species tested. Mutation of D202R, which renders the protein inactive, abrogated the activity of ePLCζ. The nuclear translocation ability of ePLCζ was defective when expressed in mouse oocytes. Taken together, our findings show for the first time that ePLCζ has highest activity of the mammalian species studied to date. Our findings will be useful for the improvement of reproductive technologies in the horse.