The effect of M‐phase stage‐dependent kinase inhibitors on inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor 1 (IP3R1) expression and localization in pig oocytes

At fertilization, inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor type 1 (IP₃R1) has a crucial role in Ca²⁺ release in mammals. Expression levels, localization and phosphorylation of IP₃R1 are important for its function, but it still remains unclear which molecule(s) regulates IP₃R1 behavior in pig oocytes. We examined whether there was a difference in localization of IP₃R1 after in vitro or in vivo maturation of pig oocytes. In mouse oocytes, large clusters of IP₃R1 were formed in the cortex of the oocyte except in a ring‐shaped band of cortex adjacent to the spindle. However, no such clusters of IP₃R1 were observed in pig oocytes and there was no difference in its localization between in vitro and in vivo matured oocytes. We next tried to clarify which factor(s) regulates IP₃R1 localization, phosphorylation and expression using M‐phase stage‐dependent kinase inhibitors. Our results show that treatments with roscovitine (p34^cdc2 kinase inhibitor) or U0126 (mitogen‐activated protein kinase inhibitor) did not affect IP₃R1 expression or localization in pig oocytes, although the latter strongly inhibited phosphorylation. However, treatment with BI‐2536, an inhibitor of polo‐like kinase 1 (Plk1), dramatically decreased the expression level of IP₃R1 in pig oocytes in a dose‐dependent manner. From these results, it is suggested that Plk1 is involved in the regulation of IP₃R1 expression in pig oocytes.     

多种通信功能农田数据采集传输装置的研制

以影响农作物生长较大的因素:温度、湿度、光照强度作为研究对象,研制了一种具有多种通信功能的嵌入式数据采集传输装置.该装置可通过短信息(GSM)、以太网、本地存储(CF卡)3种方式与数据监控中心通讯.同时,给出了硬件原理图,移植了μC/OS-II实时操作系统和LwIP协议栈,详细分析了任务的划分和任务间通信.实验证明, 该系统实时性强、可靠性高.     

湖库底泥对重金属Pb吸附特性的研究

为了探究Pb在底泥和土壤中的吸附行为,通过OECD guideline 106平衡吸附法,来探讨Pb在底泥和土壤中的吸附特性以及不同pH、有机质和N、P含量对Pb吸附特性的影响。结果表明:Temkin模型能够更好地拟合底泥对Pb的吸附,R2=0.925;Freundlich模型能够更好地拟合土壤对Pb的吸附,r=0.971。Pb在15,25,35℃下吸附条件下,温度升高会促进底泥和土壤对Pb的吸附,ΔG0,ΔH0,说明底泥和土壤对Pb的吸附为自发的吸热反应;在pH为3~11的条件下,Pb的吸附量随pH的升高呈现出先升高后逐渐趋于平缓的趋势,当pH=5时吸附效果最好。去除有机质后,底泥和土壤对Pb的吸附量减少,分别减少了121.6,87.4mg/kg。随着溶液中N、P浓度的增加底泥和土壤对Pb的吸附量逐渐减小,推断是因为N、P加入时携带加入K+,K+与Pb产生了竞争吸附导致Pb的吸附量的降低。     

糖蜜酒精废水的生物脱色及其细菌群落结构分析

糖蜜酒精废水是糖厂利用糖蜜生产酒精后的废液,废水中色素的含量较高,脱色为该类废水处理过程中的一大难题。采用富集培养技术,将取自糖厂IC（internal circulation）反应器底部的活性污泥加入到不同浓度废水中进行富集,得到的菌群可使废水脱色24%、COD（chemical oxygen demand）去除率19.2%。为了提高菌群的脱色能力,研究了几种单因素对菌群生长、脱色及COD去除能力的影响,结果发现,菌群使废水脱色和去除COD的最佳条件为：10%（v/v）废水中添加0.5%葡萄糖、0.1%蛋白胨、0.1%KH2PO4、0.05%MgSO4·7H2O、0.05%KCl,废水初始pH7.0,在37℃培养7d,废水脱色率达46.2%、COD去除率为38.5%。为了了解以上条件下菌群的群落结构,采用分子生态学方法构建了菌群中细菌16S rDNA文库并对代表性的克隆进行了测序,结果显示其中细菌主要分布在Firmicutes、Proteobacteria、Bacteroidetes的7个目中,分别是Erysipelotrich-ales、Clostridiales、Lactobacillales、Xanthomonadales、Burkholderiales、Enterobacteriales、Bacteroidales。大多数细菌属于发酵型细菌,化能异氧型。本研究结果为利用微生物调控糖蜜酒精废水的生物处理提供了依据。     

茶树白化突变研究进展

新梢白化茶树是一类珍稀的叶色突变体,其白化新梢中氨基酸、茶多酚、咖啡碱、叶绿素、类胡萝卜素等物质含量与一般绿色叶茶树品种存在显著差异,这些特征性的生化成分对茶树生长发育、制茶品质具有重要作用。为了解析白化茶树资源的形成机制,研究人员已从不同角度开展了大量基础研究,积累了丰富的理化数据。近十几年来,随着组学技术的快速发展,为研究白化茶树突变体的光合作用机制、叶色变异机理提供了新的思路。本文综述了目前白化茶树资源在白化类型、生理生化特征,以及分子机制等方面的研究进展,以期为茶树白化机制的解析提供参考。     

西门塔尔牛与我国地方黄牛的杂种优势预测分析

旨在利用覆盖全基因组和与性状相关的SNPs标记分析西门塔尔牛和地方黄牛两个亲本群体的遗传结构,通过亲本种群之间的遗传距离预测不同杂交组合在生长、胴体和肉质性状上的杂种优势.本研究选择来自内蒙古锡林郭勒盟乌拉盖管理区牧场的1 222头西门塔尔牛和8个地方黄牛品种190头共组成8个杂交组合,对亲本群体进行遗传结构分析.利用...     

牛亚科物种TRs分布特点及着丝粒区卫星DNA进化研究

旨在研究牛亚科物种间串联重复序列（tandem repeats sequence,TRs）的分布特点及着丝粒区卫星DNA的进化关系。本研究基于普通牛、瘤牛、牦牛、水牛、野牛、独龙牛6个牛亚科物种的基因组序列,研究了不同物种间TRs的组成、分布及结构特点,并分析了6个牛亚科物种染色体着丝粒区卫星DNA的进化关系。结果表明：1）TRs在牛亚科物种中平均占比为2.03%,平均长度54.93 Mb,其中普通牛的占比最高3.42%（93.00 Mb）,瘤牛最低1.42%（37.88 Mb）。2）微卫星DNA在3类TRs中位点数最多,为483 405,占TRs总位点数85.64%,高于小卫星DNA（43 026,7.62%）和卫星DNA（38 180,6.75%）。3）通过对微卫星DNA丰度和平均长度分析发现,二碱基微卫星DNA在牛亚科物种中丰度最高,为70.93 loci/Mb,且以AC拷贝类别为主。4）通过构建着丝粒区1.715和1.723卫星DNA的系统发育树发现,1.715卫星DNA普遍存在于牛亚科物种的基因组中,而1.723卫星DNA在牦牛中不存在,两类卫星DNA在不同物种间或不同染色体上存在不同程度分化,具有较明显的种间特异性。TRs在牛亚科6个物种中平均占比为2.03%,微卫星DNA为TRs主要序列,且二碱基微卫星丰度最高,并以AC拷贝类别为主;1.715卫星DNA普遍存在于6个牛亚科物种的基因组中,但在物种间或染色体间存在不同程度分化。本研究结果为牛亚科物种间TRs分布特征及进化关系研究提供了重要理论依据。     

Possible involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in the maintenance of metaphase II attest in porcine oocytes matured in vitro

It has been reported that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (PKB) pathway plays a crucial role in the meiotic resumption and progression to the metaphase II (MII) stage of oocytes. However, the role of this pathway in meiotic arrest at the MII stage (cytostatic activity) is not well understood. In this study the effect of a PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, on the MAPK and p34^cdc2 kinase activities of matured porcine oocytes was examined. After maturation culture, both the MAPK and p34^cdc2 kinase activities in the oocytes were gradually decreased in a time-dependent manner. Although 25 µmol/L LY294002 did not affect either the MAPK or p34^cdc2 kinase activities, 50 µmol/L LY294002 suppressed the PKB phosphorylation and slightly decreased MAPK activity, but not the p34^cdc2 kinase activity. Therefore the effect of 10 µmol/L Ca²⁺ ionophore which was reported as inducing a transient decrease of p34^cdc2 kinase but not MAPK activities, was also examined in LY294002-treated oocytes. By additional treatment with LY294002 after Ca²⁺ ionophore, both the MAPK and p34^cdc2 kinase activities were decreased in a time-dependent manner, concomitantly with improvement of pronuclear formation. Therefore, we concluded that PI3K is involved in the maintenance of MAPK activity in matured porcine oocytes.     

ctsd、ctsl基因的多态性与雪龙黑牛胴体性状相关性研究

为了提高雪龙黑牛的胴体性状,进行新品种选育,本研究以组织蛋白酶D、L(Cathepsin D, Cathepsin L)基因为候选基因,利用PCR-RFLP方法对114头雪龙黑牛F1代商品牛进行多态性检测,应用SAS 9.2软件采用最小二乘拟合线性模型进行分析,结果表明,ctsd,c581t位点与雪龙黑牛的经济性状无明显的相关性,ctsl基因xma I位点与雪龙黑牛的三角牛腩厚显著相关,且AB型个体三角牛腩厚与AA和BB型个体三角牛腩厚差异显著。     

我国芒果育种和栽培中存在的问题和解决思路

探讨芒果育种和栽培中存在的问题,提出我国芒果育种的目标定位与栽培技术中主要问题的发展思路。