贵州新型农民培训培育的对策建议

农民是农业和农村的主体,提升农民素质不仅是解决"三农"问题的核心,也是推进新农村建设,发展现代农业的关键。贵州省农业人口比重大、科技素质总体偏低,直接制约了农村经济及国民经济的发展。为了解贵州农民的科技培训需求,在调查研究的基础上,针对贵州农民科技文化素质总体偏低的现状,提出贵州新型农民培训培育的对策建议。     

乙草胺对马铃薯田杂草防除试验研究

以大田马铃薯为研究对象,采用随机区组设计,研究播后立即喷施乙草胺(A处理)和播后14天喷施(B处理)对马铃薯田中多种杂草的防效。试验结果表明,乙草胺在2.25～3.75L.hm-2剂量范围内,A处理和B处理均可有效地防除单子叶和双子叶杂草。待马铃薯出苗后15天调查结果如下:A处理株防效在93.08%～95.28%之间,总鲜重防效在94.6%～99.37%之间;B处理株防效在93.0%～97.16%之间,总鲜重防效在97.38%～98.22%之间,而不同处理下不同剂量乙草胺杂草防效差异不明显,且对马铃薯生长无不良影响。从不同施药时间对后茬作物影响角度出发,建议播后立即喷施3.00L.hm-2防除效果较好。     

Physiological responses of Populus euphratica Oliv. to groundwater table variations in the lower reaches of Heihe River, Northwest China

Riparian vegetation in the lower reaches of Heihe River serves important ecological functions. However, the riparian ecosystems have been constantly deteriorating in the past 30 years simply due to water interception for oasis agricultural irrigation in the middle reaches of the river. This study pays a particular attention to Populus euphratica Oliv. forest because it is a dominant component of the riparian ecosystem in the lower reaches of Heihe River where the depth of groundwater table is the controlling factor in sustaining riparian ecosystems. To reveal leaf-related physiological responses of Populus euphratica Oliv. forest to groundwater table variations, we analyzed the relationships between the depth of groundwater table (DG) and three leaf-related parameters, i.e. leaf stomatal density (SD), specific leaf area (SLA), and stable carbon isotopic composition (δ 13 C). Our results show that the relationship between DG and leaf SD is a bi-mode one shaped by both salt stress and water stress. That is, salt stress appeared in shallow groundwater conditions and water stress happened in deep groundwater conditions, and the thin layer around 2.7 m of DG is a stress-free layer. Leaf SD fluctuated according to the DG variation, first decreased with increasing DG, then increased at depths ranging 2.7-3.7 m, and after a relatively stable plateau of SD at depths ranging 3.7-5.2 m, decreased again with increasing DG. Our results also show that SLA decreased exponentially with increasing DG and foliar δ 13 C values are also strongly dependent on DG, further demonstrating that these two parameters are sensitive indicators of water stress. The exponential curve suggests that SLA is more sensitive to DG when groundwater table is shallow and 3 m seems to be a threshold beyond which SLA becomes less sensitive to DG. Foliar δ 13 C becomes more sensitive when the groundwater table is deep and 7 m seems to be a threshold below which the δ 13 C signature becomes more sensitive to DG. These findings should be helpful in monitoring the growth and development of Populus euphratica Oliv. forests and also in providing protection measures (i.e. DG related) for Heihe River riparian forests.     

北方城市园林植物病虫害发生特点及防治

分析了北方城市园林植物病虫害发生的特点,提出从保障人、天敌、园林植物和城市生态系统安全的角度出发,科学使用各种防治方法。     

基于“3S”技术的玉米精准种植决策系统的设计

为了解决玉米种植过程中的测土施肥、品种选择、病虫草害诊治、产量预测和效益分析等精准决策问题,利用"3S"技术、人工智能技术和计算机程序设计等相关技术设计并开发了玉米精准种植决策系统。通过应用该软件系统,得到专家级的指导意见,帮助农民进行精准化玉米生产。     

丙型肝炎病毒NS4B蛋白调控Hep3B细胞非折叠蛋白质反应研究

研究表达的丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)NS4B对Hep3B细胞非折叠蛋白质反应的影响。NS4B重组真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1(-)NS4B通过脂质体转染Hep3B细胞,G418筛选和Western blot鉴定稳定转染细胞;RT-PCR检测稳定转染细胞内XBP1 mRNA剪接,Western blot鉴定ATF6蛋白切割,荧光素酶试验检测稳定转染细胞内GRP78和XBP1启动子活性。G418筛选和Western Blot鉴定证实获得稳定表达NS4B的Hep3B细胞;在该细胞内,XBP1 mRNA剪接、ATF6切割、XBP1和Grp78启动子激活均被检测到。NS4B在Hep3B的稳定表达诱导了非折叠蛋白质反应。     

舞毒蛾幼虫基因型的分子鉴定

为鉴定来自比利时红橡木原木上截获的2头鳞翅目幼虫,通过形态特征鉴定及对样本线粒体和常染色体上两段分子标记进行扩增和测序,并与其他舞毒蛾样本进行比对与分析.结果表明:该样品为舞毒蛾幼虫,且为亚洲型和欧洲型的杂交种.     

黄酮类化合物影响卵磷脂的研究进展

黄酮类化合物对机体有重要生理功能,能促进机体脂质代谢、提高免疫功能、改善生产性能,是一类具有广阔发展前景的新型饲料添加剂。本文综述了蛋黄卵磷脂在肝脏中合成过程和转运途径,探讨黄酮类化合物能够提高蛋黄卵磷脂含量的可能性。     

“十月桔”黄化与正常植株的矿质养分及果实品质比较

广东省“十月桔”(沙糖桔)叶片黄化现象目前有增加的趋势.以同一果园中正常树和严重黄化树为试材,测定分析其根际土壤和叶片矿质养分、叶片养分的DRIS值及果实品质.结果表明,与正常树果实相比,黄化树果实变小,着色变差,可滴定酸、维生素C和还原糖的含量提高,风味偏酸;供试果园土壤偏酸并处于缺镁、缺钙和缺锌状态,正常树与黄化树根际土壤矿质元素差异以有效钙最大;黄化树叶片中钙与锌的含量显著低于正常树,其余无显著差异;在叶片镁明显不足的背景下,再严重缺钙和一定程度缺锌是导致黄化的主要原因.     

动物园发展过程中的六个重要工作环节

作为全球自然保护体系重要组成部分的世界动物园系统,已成为野生动物移地保护的生力军,在濒危物种保存上发挥着越来越突出和重要的作用,是不可或缺的.但随着二十一世纪社会发展进程的不断加速,公众对生态及环境保护意识的不断增强,动物园能否顺应潮流,能否跟上时代的步伐,能否肩负起历史的重任,确实值得我们去认真地加以思考.毋庸置疑,动物园也必须随社会的发展而发展,紧紧围绕保护、教育的工作重心,认真履行其职责,励精图治,才能适应新时期的需要,与时俱进.在动物园发展过程中,我们认为只要把握住动物设施建设、动物场馆丰容、动物资源配置、动物种群管理、动物行为训练和公众保护教育等6个关键管理工作环节,并使其工作具有科学性和创造性,就不会丧失机遇,就能做到可持续发展.