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91.
K. Kusano DVM R.A. Curtis BSc SMIEEE C.A. Goldman BScAgr D.L. Evans BVSc PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2007,27(8):362-368
Analysis of individual breaths after exercise has potential for pulmonary function testing. The aims of this study were to investigate the dependence of measurements of pulmonary function in single breaths on time postexercise and tidal volume (VT) after treadmill exercise. Five Thoroughbred horses without evidence of airway disease were used. Horses had been previously acclimated to treadmill exercise and to wearing a face mask. A Quadflow spirometer recorded airflow rates continuously during 90 seconds after intense treadmill exercise to fatigue. Indices of function were based on ratios of times within each breath and analyses of the shape of relative flow–time curves within inspiration and expiration. Restricted maximum likelihood, general linear regression, repeated-measures one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and two sample t-tests were used, with statistical significance at P < .05. Time postexercise had no effect on several ratios based on time for inspiration (TI) and expiration (TE), and times to peak flows (TI/TT, TE/TT, TE/TI, Tpef [peak expiratory flow]/TE, and Tpif [peak inspiratory flow]/TI). Many variables were significantly dependent on VT. Occasional big respiratory cycles with VT more than 10% greater than in the previous breath had significantly different means for relative flow (Rf)/(TE/TI), epz50% (50% of the time from Tpef to end of expiration), epz75% (75% of the time from Tpef to end of expiration), and ipz75% (75% of the time from Tpif to end of inspiration). Predicted means for these variables differed by 10–20%. This study establishes guidelines for the selection of breaths after exercise, and describes a new approach to measurement of relative flow and time relationships. It was concluded that several time-based ratios have potential for measuring pulmonary function. However, care is needed when selecting breaths for calculation of most of the new relative flow–time variables. 相似文献
92.
Boel A. Fransson DVM PhD DACVS Anne-Sofie Lagerstedt DVM PhD Annika Bergstrom DVM Ragnvi Hagman DVM MSc PhD Jean S. Park PhD Boon P. Chew DVM PhD Marc A. Evans Claude A. Ragle DVM DACVS DABVP 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2007,17(4):373-381
Objective: To determine the frequency of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in canine pyometra and to evaluate the relationship between C‐reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and SIRS. Design: Prospective clinical study. Setting: Veterinary teaching hospital. Animals: Fifty‐three clinical cases of canine pyometra and 19 healthy control bitches. Interventions: Upon admission to the veterinary hospital, history and physical examination findings, including previously defined clinical SIRS parameters, were documented. Blood samples were obtained for hematology and biochemical tests and for CRP, TNFα, and IL‐6 analysis. The diagnosis of pyometra was confirmed by histopathology of the uterus after ovariohysterectomy. After surgery, clinical SIRS parameters, length of hospitalization, and mortality were recorded. Measurements and main results: Pyometra dogs were grouped as SIRS positive (30/53; 57%) or SIRS negative (23/53; 43%). Logistic regression showed that CRP was the only parameter that significantly related to SIRS apart from the clinical criteria that define this syndrome. The mortality rate was low (2/53; 3.8%), and conclusions regarding association with SIRS could not be drawn. A positive SIRS status, high plasma CRP concentration, and high body temperature were variables that related to increased morbidity reflected by the length of hospitalization. Conclusions: SIRS was seen in 57% of canine pyometra cases and a positive SIRS status showed a positive association with prolonged hospitalization. The mortality rate was low (3.3%) among SIRS positive dogs, indicating that progression to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) rarely occurs in surgically treated cases of pyometra. CRP was associated with SIRS and with prolonged hospitalization. Further studies of plasma CRP may be warranted in canine intensive care cases susceptible to development of SIRS and MODS. 相似文献
93.
Chris Garforth Kevin McKemey Tahir Rehman Richard Tranter Richard Cooke Julian Park Peter Dorward Chris Yates 《Livestock Science》2006,103(1-2):158-168
Unidentified heats contribute to declining fertility rates in English dairy herds. Several techniques have been advocated to improve heat detection rates. Despite demonstrable technical efficacy and cost-effectiveness, uptake is low. A study in South West England used the Theory of Reasoned Action (TORA) to explore dairy farmers' attitudes and beliefs towards heat detection techniques. Few farmers were convinced that following prescribed observation times, milk progesterone testing and using pedometers would fit their system or improve on their current heat detection practices. Perceived difficulty of using a technique was not a constraint on adoption. Without promotion that addresses identified barriers and drivers to adoption, little change in current practice can be expected. 相似文献
94.
Gross Anatomy of the Pancreatic Lobes and Ducts in Six Breeds of Domestic Ducks and Six Species of Wild Ducks in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J. W. Liu H. Evans P. Larsen D. Pan S. Z. Xu H. C. Dong X. B. Deng B. Wan T. Gi 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》1998,27(6):413-417
A previously unreported pancreatic duct was found by Liu (1989) in Pekin ducks. This duct has now been consistently found in six breeds of domestic ducks and six species of wild ducks in China. For purposes of Nomina Anatomica Avium it is hereby called the ‘first pancreatic duct’(Ducius pancreaticus primus) since it enters the duodenum at or near the flexure where the descending duodenum becomes the ascending duodenum. All other pancreatic ducts enter the duodenum later, closer to where it joins the jejunum. This first pancreatic duct drains the caudal extremity of the dorsal lobe of the pancreas and can be easily exteriorized for experimental purposes. Within the parenchyma of the dorsal lobe of the pancreas this duct communicates with the dorsal pancreatic duct. In the present study of the gross anatomy of the pancreatic lobes of domestic and wild Chinese ducks we describe and illustrate variations in position and number of all biliary and pancreatic ducts. 相似文献
95.
C. Evans 《Soil Use and Management》1985,1(2):50-52
Abstract. Two hill pastures in north Dyfed, Wales, were each treated at reseeding in 1971 with 2.25, 4.5 and 9.0 kg ha−1 cobalt sulphate. Herbage samples for analysis of Co content were taken in summer at each site from 1971 to 1976 and also at site 1 from 1977 to 1983. Acetic acid extractable Co was measured in soil samples taken each winter for the same period at both sites. At site 1, on a peat, the treatments continued to give worthwhile increases in herbage and soil Co after 13 years. At site 2, on a mineral soil, the residual effects were small and lasted no more than four years. It is suggested that me lower response and residual value at site 2 is due to higher levels of exchangeable and easily reducible manganese. 相似文献
96.
The distribution of 5'-nucleotidase (5'-NT) activity in the tissues of the sheep differs from that of gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT). Nevertheless, both enzymes are released into the plasma of sheep which have been infected with Fasciola hepatica or in which the bile duct has been ligated. In a sheep dosed with sporidesmin, a fungal toxin which damages the biliary tract, there was an increase in GGT activity in the plasma and urine but no change in 5'-NT activity. Neither enzyme was released into the plasma or urine of sheep dosed with carbon tetrachloride. In sheep with renal tubular necrosis and hepatocellular necrosis caused by dosage with hexachlorobutadiene, both enzymes were released into the plasma, and GGT, but not 5'-NT activity was found in urine. In sheep with tubular necrosis of the kidney caused by the administration of mercuric chloride, GGT activity, but not 5'-NT, increased in the plasma and urine. 相似文献
97.
T. A. Williams M. T. Abberton D. R. Evans W. Thornley I. Rhodes 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2000,185(2):121-128
Two medium leaf size varieties of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) were grown in mixture with a range of grass species and varieties in a field experiment conducted over 4 years. The clovers were grown singly or as a blend in swards with a tetraploid perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), a diploid Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) or tetraploid hybrids between these two species (Lolium x boucheanum Kunth). These grasses were also grown in monoculture. Swards were managed in a regime involving two periods of sheep grazing, two periods of cattle grazing and a silage cut in the same year for 4 years. The objectives of this experiment were 3‐fold: (1) to examine the yield and persistency of white clover in highly productive systems with modern perennial, hybrid and Italian ryegrasses; (2) to compare the performance of white clover varieties grown singly in mixture with grasses with their performance together as a blend, and (3) to examine the persistency of new Italian ryegrass varieties, exemplified by AberComo. The clover content of the sward remained high throughout the experiment, with a mean of 31 % overall. Differences in clover yield between plots were largely attributable to the effects of companion grasses. Total yields were very similar in plots containing different clover varieties and in plots where these varieties had been grown singly or as a blend. Grass yields in mixture were greater than those in monoculture but showed similar relative rankings. The diploid Italian ryegrass variety AberComo showed an unexpectedly high yield in the 4th year of the experiment. The implications of these results for strategies for productive, sustainable agriculture using modern white clover and ryegrass varieties are discussed. 相似文献
98.
J A Hawkins R R Evans T J Newby M H Delivorias T D Tyler 《Veterinary parasitology》1985,17(3):229-238
The efficacy of a morantel sustained release bolus (MSRB) for control of gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling steers was evaluated over a 6-month grazing period commencing on 26 March 1982. Three groups of 15 steers were allotted to the following treatments: Group 1 -- one MSRB at start of trial; Group 2 -- one therapeutic dose of thiabendazole at start of trial; Group 3 -- untreated control. The treatment groups were grazed separately. Parasite egg counts (EPG), herbage larval counts, pepsinogen levels and weight gains were monitored. Every other month, sets of 2 parasite-free tracer calves were placed in the pasture grazed by each treatment group and allowed to graze for 3 weeks before being subsequently necropsied for worm counts. At the end of the trial, 6 animals from each group were also necropsied for worm counts. The MSRB treatment resulted in significantly lower egg counts, fewer infective larvae on pasture, lower pepsinogen levels and lower worm burdens in tracer calves than was the case for the untreated group, but generally the levels were not significantly different from those associated with the thiabendazole treatment. The mean weight gain for the MSRB treated steers showed a significant advantage (70.9 lb) over the untreated animals, but was not significantly different from those which received thiabendazole. Total worm counts at the end of the trial were not different from any treatment group. 相似文献
99.
Shaky-leg lameness is a poorly defined, mild to very severe, painful lameness occurring mainly in 10-to-18-week-old fast-growing male turkeys. Since there are no significant gross or microscopic lesions in early or uncomplicated cases, the cause of the lameness is likely soft-tissue (muscle or tendon) pain. A case history of a flock problem of shaky-leg lameness is described, and it is suggested that stiffness and inactivity secondary to footpad dermatitis in these turkeys was responsible for the severe shaky-leg lameness in the flock. The cartilage lesion described is an avascular lesion and appeared to be the result of inactivity rather than the cause of lameness in these turkeys. 相似文献
100.
Abstract: Will future transportation carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per capita in Asia Pacific economies follow historical trends of the now developed world? Evidence to date is inconclusive. A comparison at similar income levels (purchasing power parity) between recent emissions in Asia Pacific countries and historical emissions in developed countries suggests diverging patterns. (A) High‐income Asia economies (Japan, Hong Kong and Singapore –‘low emitters’) exhibit lower emissions than a selected sample of seven developed countries (United States, Australia, France, the Netherlands, Italy, Sweden and United Kingdom). (B) Another set of Asian countries (South Korea and Taiwan –‘medium emitters’) follow the emissions trends of European countries, which are lower than those of Australia and the United States. (C) A third Asian group (Malaysia and Thailand –‘high emitters’) exhibit emission trends comparable to that of Australia. We describe these trends, examine their causes and extrapolate likely futures for emissions in low‐income Asia Pacific economies (China, Indonesia, Philippines and Vietnam). Although such predictions are speculative, the available evidence suggests that road CO2 emissions for Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam will follow those of the third group (high emitters), while those for China may follow either Group B or Group C. 相似文献