Fine needle aspiration biopsy of malignant tumors in dogs and cats: a report of 102 cases

Fine needle aspiration biopsy is a fast and inexpensive technique well tolerated by animals. Its efficacy for the diagnosis of malignancy and determination of cellular origin was investigated for 97 malignant tumors and five benign lesions in 83 dogs and 19 cats. Histological examination of the lesions was performed in each case. Malignancy was detected by cytology in 69% of the malignant tumors. The cellular origin of the lesion was determined in 74% of the cases. Confirmation of malignancy and determination of cellular origin permitted an early diagnosis and prognosis. Since fine needle aspiration biopsy and cytology cannot definitely rule out malignancy, a surgical biopsy and histopathology should be done when malignancy is suspected clinically and not confirmed cytologically. Specimens of good quality, adequate collaboration between the cytologist and clinicians, and sufficient knowledge of pathology and cytology are basic requirements for obtaining good results with fine needle aspiration biopsy and cytology.     

Some diagnostic, biologic and morphologic characteristics of Francisella tularensis strains isolated from the ticks Ixodes ricinus (L.) in the Prague agglomeration

Four infectious agents were isolated from the ticks Ixodes ricinus (L.) collected in the recreational area and park-forest of Prague. On the basis of cultivation, staining, biochemical, serologic properties, pathogenicity for animals and histological tests they were identified as Francisella tularensis with the following features: they are short, gram-negative rods of approximate dimensions of 0.3 X 0.8 micron, growing in enriched media after 3-4 day incubation at 37 degrees C. They form small circular, at first transparent, later greyish turbid colonies with regular rims. They are little active biochemically. They are susceptible to streptomycin and some broad spectrum antibiotics. They react positively with tularemic serum, but in lower titres than those in which this serum reacts with standard antigen. The microbes are highly pathogenic for mice, guinea-pigs, young rats, in which a massive bacteriemia occurs before death, but they do not kill rabbits. They multiply well in chick embryo, but do not grow in cell or tissue cultures. The most important histologic changes were observed in liver and spleen of mice. No pathologic changes were found in brain, lungs, heart, kidneys. Necroses were found in liver and in their marginal zones the microbes were present. Conspicuous were changes in numerous hepatocytes which became enlarged due to microbial multiplication and finally transformed into "sacs" packed with microbes. Histological and electronoptical examination showed that these are intracellular parasites fringed with a light lytic zone. Discussed is the problem to what extent the properties of the isolated strains are typical of F. tularensis as well as the importance of their detection from the aspect of epidemiology and differential diagnostics.     

Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder in a Beluga Whale (Delphinapterus leucas)

A transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder was found in a beluga whale stranded in the St. Lawrence middle estuary. Various organs of this animal were submitted to high resolution gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry analysis. High frequency of urinary bladder cancer in the human population of the same area and the presence of carcinogenic compounds in the marine environment of this animal are discussed.

Concurrent isolation of Edwardsiella tarda from various organs of this whale is also reported.

     

A fossil noctuid moth egg from the late cretaceous of eastern north america

A moth egg assignable to the family Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) is described from 75-million-year-old sediments from Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts. This sample, which extends the fossil record of this farnily and modern heteroneuran moths back to the Cretaceous, may provide insight into the coevolution of moths and flowering plants, as well as have implications for the evolution of bats.     

油茶炭疽病的综合防治

1962—1963年在四川省泸县地区进行油茶炭疽病的防治試驗。結果表明:采用营林措施(修除树上病部)和化学保护(噴射1∶1∶150波尔多液)的综合防治方法,病株防治效果可达89.77％,防止果病率达70.02％。严重病区,可在冬(12月)、春(2月)修除病部各一次(或可集中在2月进行),发病期間(4—8月)噴射波尔多液8—10次(条件不許可山区,也至少5次)。噴药宜連續性。上述措施,应进行2—3年。     

北京地区春玉米螟害产量损失估计方法及防治指标的商榷

根据1962—1964年北京地区12块春播玉米地心叶期卵和卵虫(第一代)成活率資料,并参考国内对螟害与玉米产量損失关系的研究成果,提出了春玉米上因玉米螟为害而造成的产量損夫估計方法和药剂防治的参考指标。心叶期卵的平均成活率及其标准誤为57.4±2.9％,卵块的脫落是死亡的主要原因。幼虫期的平均成活率及其标准誤为5.64±0.89％。这两个平均成活率的变異系数都比较小,相关分析表明,百株着卵量与成长幼虫数是相关的。故可职利用卵和幼虫的平均成活率由着卵密度来估計成长幼虫密度。心叶期卵和幼虫的合計平均成活率及其标准誤为3.4±0.51％。在95％可靠性时的置信区間为3.4±1.173％,卵块的平均粒数为31.7粒。若职单株平均一虫所造成的产量損失率为5％計,可用丁式来估計产量損失: 产量損失％=[(心叶期百株累計卵块数×31.7)×(0.034±0.012)]×0.05 在經济核算士,作者初步認为职損失率1.5％作为防治标准比較合适。以此推算,欲达到这一損失率,心叶期百株累計卵块应为28块(用平均成活率計算)至21块(用成活率上界計算)。一般可定为24块。根据心叶期百株累計卵块数与累計着卵株百分率或百株高峯卵块数之間存在的相关,百株累計24块卵,相当于累計着卵株率28％,或百株高峯卵块6块。在实践上就可以用它們作为心叶期的防治指标。     

油茶炭疽病的发生与蔓延

四年来,作者对油茶炭疽病的侵染途径、传播方式、发病的阶段性、特点和具体条件职及病害蔓延等規律进行了研究。 結果指出,病菌侵染途径以伤口为主,也可能从自然孔道侵害果实。潛育期随气温上升而縮短,15℃至28℃时,潛育期由15天缩短为5天。分生孢子借助雨滴、风夹雨进行传播,干燥气流不能传菌。林間象(虫甲)、螞蚁不是传病的主要媒介。病害发生具有鮮明的季节性。果实发病期长,自4月至10月。病害有初期、中期、盛期和末期四个时期。感病宿主存在、菌源量积累和高温降雨为病害发生、发展的决定性因素。病害发展有間歇期和消长期。植株发病类型有:早发型、中发型、后发型及突发型四种。病果类型有:内侵型、邻侵型和外侵型三种。油茶炭疽病的逐年蔓延速度在一年内为36.5—50.0％;二年内为51.9—60.3％;三年内为55.8—61.8％。