水稻糖苷水解酶基因OsBE1在叶绿体发育中的功能

叶绿体在植物碳水化合物代谢中起着至关重要的作用,然而有关碳水化合物代谢在叶绿体发育过程中的功能却知之甚少。从水稻中克隆了一个Oryza sativa Branching Enzyme 1 (OsBE1)基因,该基因编码一个糖苷水解酶13家族的蛋白。OsBE1与拟南芥AtBE1的一致性为66%,但与水稻典型淀粉分支酶的一致性仅约为40%。该基因的T-DNA插入功能缺失突变体osbe1幼苗白化,且其白化表型不能用外源糖类拯救。osbe1突变体幼苗最终在三叶期死亡。淀粉染色表明,osbe1突变体中淀粉的含量与野生型无明显差异。进一步的研究表明,osbe1突变体叶绿体数目较少,且无明显的基质片层结构。构建了OsBE1基因过量表达载体pCAMBIA1300-35S-OsBE1,并将其转化水稻中花11。获得的108株转基因水稻中,77株表现不同程度的黄化。本文初步揭示了碳水化合物代谢调控叶绿体发育的机制,并为深入研究糖苷水解酶BE1的功能奠定了基础。     

Identification of quantitative trait locus and prediction of candidate genes for grain mineral concentration in maize across multiple environments

Trace metal elements are essential in daily diets for human health and normal growth. Maize is staple food for people in many countries. However, maize has low mineral concentration which makes it difficult to meet human requirements for micronutrients. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait locus (QTL) and predict candidate genes associated with mineral concentration in maize grain. Here, a recombinant inbred line population was used to test phenotype of zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) concentrations in six environments and then a QTL analysis was conducted using single environment analysis along with multiple environment trial (MET) analysis. These two strategies detected a total of 64 and 67 QTLs for target traits, respectively. Single environment analysis revealed 13 QTL bins distributed on seven chromosomes. We found that five candidate genes associated with mineral concentration were located in the same intervals identified by Comparative mapping of meta-QTLs in our previous study. The genetic and phenotypic correlation coefficients were depended on the nutrient traits and they were significant between Fe and Zn, Fe and Cu, Fe and Mn in all environments. The results of this study illustrated the genetic correlation between maize grain mineral concentrations, and identified some promising genomic regions and candidate genes for further studies on the biofortification of mineral concentration in maize grain.     

播期对鄂中北地区不同类型粳稻产量、生育期及温光利用的影响

为了明确鄂中北地区稻麦周年轮作模式下,播期对不同类型粳稻生育期、产量及其构成因素、温光资源利用的影响,以常规早熟中粳、中熟中粳、迟熟中粳、籼粳杂交早熟中粳和籼粳杂交中熟中粳为材料,在湖北省襄阳市农业科学院团山试验基地进行试验。结果表明,随着播期推迟,各类型粳稻生育期均显著缩短,迟熟中粳缩短幅度最大,籼粳杂交早熟中粳缩短幅度最小。各类型粳稻营养生长阶段受温光影响较大,而生殖生长阶段相对稳定;随着播期推迟,各类型粳稻全生育期有效积温及其利用率显著降低,日照时数利用率呈减少趋势。同一播期内,籼粳杂交中粳热量利用率高于常规中粳;各类型粳稻产量均以第Ⅰ播期最高,第Ⅴ播期最低,产量下降的主要原因是每穗颖花数和结实率显著降低。鄂中北地区粳麦周年轮作模式下,粳稻应首选籼粳杂交中熟中粳和常规迟熟中粳,其次是籼粳杂交早熟中粳。籼粳杂交中熟中粳和常规迟熟中粳的最佳播期为5月9日-5月15日。     

转基因玉米CM8101特异性定性PCR检测方法

旨在为转基因安全监管提供技术支撑,本研究建立了转基因玉米CM8101定性检测方法.根据CM8101转基因玉米插入序列信息,于3'端侧翼序列处设计PCR引物.通过扩增体系优化、特异性测试、灵敏度测试、稳定性测试等技术参数的测试建立了转基因玉米CM8101定性检测方法.结果表明:本特异性检测方法各项参数符合相关转基因分子检...     

箭筈豌豆、玉米产量对间作和施氮水平的响应

研究不同施氮水平下箭筈豌豆、玉米产量对单作和间作的响应,对于优化栽培措施、提高作物产量具有重要意义.本试验于2017年在甘肃河西绿洲灌溉区进行,重点研究是不同施氮水平下箭筈豌豆、玉米在单作及间作模式中干物质累积、产量构成、产量表现.结果 表明,间作箭菩豌豆干物质累积量与单作相比在不施氮(N0)、减量施氮(N1)和常规施...     

不同生态环境木薯高产高效栽培分析

为研究在不同生态环境地区不同木薯间差异和发掘高产高效木薯品种,对6个试验点的4份木薯品种进行鲜薯产量和经济效益的研究。结果表明,在不同生态环境下不同品种的木薯鲜薯产量不同,不同品种的经济效益不同。其中栽培在新马街试验点的木薯品种‘SC124’的鲜薯产量是供试样品中最高的,达到66816.67 kg/hm²,该品种的经济效益也是供试品种中最高的,可达40090.00元/hm²。试验结果为进一步推广高产高效木薯品种提供了有利材料,并为木薯资源开发提供了方法和手段。     

褪黑素对低温胁迫下棉花种子萌发特性的影响

低温胁迫严重影响棉花种子萌发,为明确褪黑素对低温胁迫下棉花种子萌发的调控作用,本研究以海岛棉品种‘新海41号’为试验材料,分析不同褪黑素浓度处理对低温胁迫(15℃)下棉花种子的萌发特性、抗氧化酶活性、丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化氢含量影响。结果表明,低温下棉花种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数较常温对照分别降低17.41%、13.52%和74.96%,胚根长度降低40.35%,SOD、POD、CAT活性略有增高,MDA和H₂O₂含量有所增加。低浓度的褪黑素（10 μmol/L和20 μmol/L）处理显著增加了低温胁迫下棉花种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数以及胚根长度,增强抗氧化酶的活性,减少MDA、H₂O₂的产生,其中20 μmol/L褪黑素处理后,与低温对照相比SOD、POD、CAT活性分别上升3.53%、29.47%、3.45%,MDA和H₂O₂含量分别减少13.93%和8.08%。适宜浓度的褪黑素处理能有效缓解低温胁迫对棉花种子萌发的损伤,增强种子耐低温性,其中20 μmol/L褪黑素处理效果最好。     

一种改良的快速高质大豆基因组DNA提取方法

为了探索一种适用于大豆叶片基因组DNA的快速、高效的提取方法,在传统的SDS提取方法的基础上,通过将缓冲液成分和浓度进行改良并加入表面活性剂Tween-20,优化实验流程。用限制性内切酶对该方法提取的DNA进行酶切及电泳检测,可得均一弥散条带。以提取的DNA模版扩增大豆Actin基因,测序后证实片段正确。同样以其为模版以SSR引物Sctt011进行SSR-PCR反应,并通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测,也可观察到特异性明显且无杂质的目的条带。实验结果表明,该方法提取的DNA完全符合各种分子实验的要求。本研究方法可用于快速提取大豆叶片基因组DNA,同时提高了提取DNA的质量。     

冬种马铃薯新品种‘闽薯1号’高产栽培试验

以 ‘闽薯1号’为试验材料,采用裂区设计,探讨不同品种和栽培方式对冬种马铃薯产量的影响。结果表明：（1）6种不同处理间商品薯产量差异均达极显著水平。其中,以‘闽薯1号’稻草包芯+地膜覆盖栽培的鲜薯产量为39.39 t/hm2,增产44.23%,大中薯率高达95.2%,生育期缩短5天,每公顷可增加纯收入1.66万元,增产增效最为显著。其次是‘闽薯1号’地膜覆盖栽培,‘紫花851’常规栽培处理最低。（2）同一品种不同栽培方式的产量、大中薯率和商品率表现依次为稻草包芯+地膜覆盖>地膜覆盖>常规栽培。（3）同一栽培方式不同品种的产量差异显著,表现依次为‘闽薯1号’>‘紫花851’。稻草包芯+地膜覆盖栽培具有增产增效显著、增温保墒、保水防旱、抑制杂草、减轻病虫害和防霜冻害等优点。马铃薯新品种‘闽薯1号’采用稻草包芯+地膜覆盖配套栽培技术,具有良好的推广应用前景。     

Maternal inheritance of sugars and acids in peach (P. persica (L.) Batsch) fruit

Maternal inheritance of sugars and acids in peach fruit were investigated during two successive years using reciprocal populations derived from ‘low acid’ (LA) flat peach ‘Zaolupan’ and non-LA round peach ‘Zaoxing’. The reciprocal populations segregated into LA round, LA flat, non-LA round and non-LA flat-fruited offspring. Generally, the reciprocal populations had similar range and mean values of sugar and acid. Mean values were to different degree lower than or similar to mid-parental values. Maternal inheritance did not show significant effects on sugars and acids. Broad sense heritability of sugars and acids was high, ranging from 0.61 to 0.90. The correlations among sugars and acids were studied, and positive correlations were always found between glucose and fructose, and quinate and shikimate. Generally, mean glucose, fructose, sorbitol, quinate and shikimate contents did not show significant difference among LA round, LA flat, non-LA round and non-LA flat-fruited progenies. Mean sucrose and total sugar contents of flat-fruited progenies tended to be higher than round-fruited progenies, while mean malate, citrate and total acid contents did not significantly differ with fruit shape (round vs. flat).