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排序方式: 共有106条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Julien Portier Isabelle Vallée Sandrine A. Lacour Régine Martin-Schaller Hubert Ferté Benoit Durand 《Veterinary parasitology》2014,199(3-4):153-159
The presence of the mesocercarial stage of Alaria alata (Goeze, 1792) in wild boar meat represents a potential risk for human, but little is known about the circulation of mesocercaria in wild boar populations. Routine Trichinella inspection, mandatorily performed in wild boar in France, also allowed detecting mesocercaria. We analyzed the results of this detection in the carcasses of 27,582 wild boars hunted in 2007–2011, in 502 hunting areas of the Rhine valley. Prevalence was globally low (0.6%), but 12% of the hunting areas were affected. These were clustered in lowlands of the Rhine valley, and prevalence strongly decreased with increasing elevation. In the lowlands, prevalence doubled between 2007 and 2011. This time trend and the geographic aggregation of positive wild boars suggest risk management measures based on targeted surveillance, control and prevention. 相似文献
72.
73.
Ratha Muon Chenda Lai Vincent Hervé Rainer Zaiss François Chassagne Eve Bureau-Point Sébastien Marchand Martine Audibert Jacques Berger Frank Wieringa Arnould Savouré Kimchhin Sok Jean-Dominique Meunier Vannak Ann Pascal Jouquet 《Soil Use and Management》2023,39(3):1172-1184
In the Lower Mekong Basin, paddy fields often appear as mosaics, with soil mounds covered by trees or other plants in a spotty distribution. These soil mounds are commonly named termite ‘lenticular mounds’ because termite bioturbation is considered to be at their origin. Termite mounds host a large diversity of animals and plants, increasing landscape patchiness. Because the preservation of these islands of biodiversity is threatened by modern agricultural practices, the aim of this study was to quantify their abundance and the services they provide to the local population. The abundance of mounds and their use by the population were quantified in a catchment in Cambodia. We found that mounds density reached ~2 mounds ha−1. Interviews carried out within the catchment showed that most of the interviewees used mounds for increasing the fertility of their field and for the cultivation of rice and other plants (e.g. sponge gourd and pumpkin). In addition to their potential to increase plant productivity, the survey revealed that animals (rats and snakes), mushrooms and 13 plant species found on or in mounds were consumed by the population. In addition to potentially contributing to an increase in food diversity, mounds also impacted farmers' health by allowing access to 20 medicinal plant species and indirectly via a reduction in pesticide use. In conclusion, this study is the first attempt to quantify the large number of services provided by termite mounds in Cambodia. This increase in the knowledge of the diversity of environmental and socioeconomic services provided by termite mounds is likely to contribute to their preservation and provide a basis for the sustainable management of biodiversity in paddy fields in the Lower Mekong Basin region. 相似文献
74.
Jérôme Molénat Patrick Durand Chantal Gascuel-Odoux Philippe Davy Gérard Gruau 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2002,133(1-4):161-183
In French Brittany, water pollution with nitrate due tointensive agriculture has become one of the major environmentalconcerns. In this article, the nitrate, sulfate and chlorideconcentrations from the groundwater and the stream of a first-order agricultural watershed, are analyzed to infer the mechanisms responsible for the distribution and transfer of nitrate within the watershed. The aquifer is constituted by three layers: the thin soil cover, the weathered shale and thefissured shale. The weathered shale groundwater appears to bea large reservoir of nitrate in the watershed. Indeed the amount of nitrate is estimated at about 450 kg N ha-1, 5 to 9 times the total annual nitrate flux in the stream. In the upslope zones, this groundwater exhibited high nitrate concentrations (up to 138.4±10.5 mg NO3 - L-1), which decreased along the flow paths towards the stream (77.1±13.8 mg NO3 - L-1). Unlike nitrate, sulfate concentrations showed an increase from uphillto downhill (from 6.1±0.8 to 12.5±5.4 mg SO4 2- L-1) with little change in chloride concentrations. These patterns are presumed to result from upward flows from fissured shale groundwater where denitrification by oxidation of pyrite occurs with sulfate as end product. A scheme of nitrate transfer is proposed where stream discharge would result from the mixing of three end members which are: uphill weathered groundwater, deep groundwater and water in the uppermost soil horizons ofthe bottomlands. Temporal variability of nitrate concentrationsin base flow reflects changes in the relative contribution of each end member. 相似文献
75.
Rondini L Peyrat-Maillard MN Marsset-Baglieri A Fromentin G Durand P Tomé D Prost M Berset C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(13):4338-4343
Ferulic acid (FA) is reported as a good antioxidant absorbed by human or rat but only few data deal with the influence of the food matrix on its bioavailability and with its potential protection against cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Wheat bran is used as a source of ferulic acid, the compound being mainly bound to arabinoxylans of the plant cell walls. Pharmacokinetic profiles of FA and its metabolites are established in rats. Free and conjugated FA quickly appear in plasma, reach a plateau 1 h after intake and remain approximately constant at 1 microM up to 24 h. 2.3% of FA are eliminated in urine. Compared with results obtained after intake of free FA, the presence of FA-arabinoxylans bonds in the food matrix increases the occurrence time of FA in the organism and decreases the level of urinary excretion in 24 h. Nevertheless, sulfated FA is still the main plasmatic form. The antioxidant activity of plasmas of rats fed with a standard diet (containing no FA), pure ferulic acid (5.15 mg FA/kg bw) or bran (4.04 mg FA/kg bw) are measured in an ex vivo test using AAPH as free radical inducer. Plasmas of rats fed with bran show a better antioxidant activity than the control group and the pure FA supplemented group, increasing the resistance of erythrocytes to hemolysis by factors of 2 and 1.5, respectively. These results show the good bioavailability of FA from bran and its potential efficiency to protect organism against pathology involving radical steps of development. 相似文献
76.
Olivier?GimenezEmail author Rémi?Choquet Laurent?Lamor Paul?Scofield David?Fletcher Jean-Dominique?Lebreton Roger?Pradel 《Journal of Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Statistics》2005,10(2):184-196
In a capture-recapture analysis, uncertainty in the parameter estimates is usually expressed by presenting classical Wald-type
confidence intervals. This approach involves (1) the assumption that the maximum likelihood estimates are asymptotically normal
and (2) numerical computation of the variance-covariance matrix of these estimates. When the sample size is small or when
the estimates are on the boundary of their domain, a Wald confidence interval often performs badly. A natural alternative
is to use profile-likelihood confidence intervals. In general, these intervals require a greater amount of computation. We
propose a new implementation of this approach that is efficient, both in reducing the amount of computation and in coping
with boundary estimates. We also show how profile-likelihood confidence intervals can be adjusted for overdispersion. Simulations
were used to check whether nominal coverage levels were attained, and allowed us to compare this approach with the classical
Wald procedure. We illustrate this work by considering a multi-state model for a sooty shearwater (Puffinus griseus) population. 相似文献
77.
78.
Abstract The production of an irrigated grass/clover pasture was evaluated under continuous grazing at a range of stocking rates (20.6 to 35.9 Merino ewe units ha‐1 and two nitrogen fertiliser treatments (0 and 300 kg N ha‐1 a‐1) over a period of four years. The clover content of the pastures declined, while the grass component increased with increased pasture age on both nitrogen treatments, leading to grass domination by the end of the trial period. The clover content (%) of the green dry matter (DM) was higher and the grass content (%) lower on the zero‐nitrogen than the nitrogen‐fertilised pastures, with the average daily gain of the sheep and wool production per ewe unit highest at low stocking rates on the zero‐nitrogen treatment. However, the total amount of green DM was higher on the nitrogen‐fertilised than on the unfertilized treatment, resulting in higher stocking rates for maximum wool and meat production per hectare. A higher profit margin was realised at lower stocking rates on the zero‐nitrogen treatment when compared with the fertilised treatment. The low weaning mass of the lambs at high stocking rates on the fertilised pastures questions the profitability of using nitrogen fertiliser on irrigated grass/clover pastures. 相似文献
79.
80.
H El Garch JE Crafford P Amouyal PY Durand C Edlund Toulemonde L Lemaitre V Cozette A Guthrie JM Minke 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2012,149(1-2):76-85
A recombinant canarypox virus vectored vaccine co-expressing synthetic genes encoding outer capsid proteins, VP2 and VP5, of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) serotype 4 (ALVAC(?)-AHSV4) has been demonstrated to fully protect horses against homologous challenge with virulent field virus. Guthrie et al. (2009) detected weak and variable titres of neutralizing antibody (ranging from <10 to 40) 8 weeks after vaccination leading us to hypothesize that there could be a participation of cell mediated immunity (CMI) in protection against AHSV4. The present study aimed at characterizing the CMI induced by the experimental ALVAC(?)-AHSV4 vaccine. Six horses received two vaccinations twenty-eight days apart and three horses remained unvaccinated. The detection of VP2/VP5 specific IFN-γ responses was assessed by enzyme linked immune spot (ELISpot) assay and clearly demonstrated that all ALVAC(?)-AHSV4 vaccinated horses developed significant IFN-γ production compared to unvaccinated horses. More detailed immune responses obtained by flow cytometry demonstrated that ALVAC(?)-AHSV4 vaccinations induced immune cells, mainly CD8(+) T cells, able to recognize multiple T-epitopes through all VP2 and only the N-terminus sequence of VP5. Neither VP2 nor VP5 specific IFN-γ responses were detected in unvaccinated horses. Overall, our data demonstrated that an experimental recombinant canarypox based vaccine induced significant CMI specific for both VP2 and VP5 proteins of AHSV4. 相似文献