俄罗斯饲料高粱育种与生产

介绍了俄罗斯饲料高粱的种质资源保存及创新、育种方法、加工技术、生产情况及开发现状。     

超声波-臭氧协同预处理含酚农药废水的研究

采用超声波(US)协同臭氧(O3)氧化法预处理含酚农药废水,考察了O3通入量、US的频率、pH、H2O2的加入等条件,对处理效果的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件.结果表明:在相同条件下,US-O3试剂协同法的处理效率比单一O3试剂氧化法、单一US法的处理效率要好.在pH=3,温度为30℃,US频率60 kHz,O3流量30mL/min,H2O2投加量,COD的去除率可以达到80%.     

Changes of shortening amplitude-frequency relationship in hyperthyroid rat cardiomyocytes

AIM: The aim of this study was to observe the cardiac performance in 2-week or 4-week levothyroxine (T4)-induced cardiac hypertrophy and to elucidate the possible underlying mechanism of cardiac hypertrophy transition to heart failure in T4 treatment rats.METHODS: The blood pressure and pulse rate were measured by tail-cuff technique.The cardiac output and the preload-cardiac output were measured in working heart mode.The shortening of unloading contraction in cardiomyocytes was observed by an edge-detector system.RESULTS: Resting heart rate in T4 treatment rats increased significantly and the width of cardiomyocytes widened in T4 rats,but the length of cardiomyocytes had no difference compared with control values.The cardiac output in 2-week T4 group was higher than that in control group.The cardiac output increased when the preload increased from 5 mmHg to 15 mmHg.The unloading shortening amplitude at 1 Hz and 2 Hz increased in 2-week T4 group.No difference between 2-week T4 group and control group at 4 Hz was observed.When the stimulating frequency increased from 1 Hz to 4 Hz,the shortening amplitude also increased in control cardiomyocytes,but decreased in 2-week or 4-week T4 group.The shortening amplitude increased further in 4-week T4 group as compared with that in control.The time to peak shortening and time from peak shortening to 75% relaxation reduced at each frequency in 2-week and 4-week T4 group.The shortening and relaxation rates in 2-week or 4-week T4 group were higher than those in control group at 1 Hz and 2 Hz.The shortening and relaxation rate kept higher at 4 Hz in 2-week T4 group,but showed no difference with control at 4 Hz in 4-week T4 group.CONCLUSION: These above results suggest that shortening amplitude-frequency relationship of cardiomyocytes in 4-week T4 rats is earlier to be altered than cardiac performance in working heart.     

应用二花脸与大约克猪建立参考家系进行连锁分析的研究

应用１头德国大约克公猪及３头二花脸母猪通过回交法（父女交配）建立了参考家系，采集了１５４头个体的血样，对１２号染色体 微卫星位点（ＳＷ９５７、ＳＷ１５５３、ＳＷ１３５０、ＳＷ８７４）检测了每个个体的基因型，应用ＣＲＩＭＡＰ程序进行了连锁分析得出了３个位点在猪１２号梁色体上的最佳排序为：ＳＷ１５５３－ＳＷ１３５０－ＳＷ８７４。其中在ＵＳＤＡ－ＭＡＲＣ家系中由于未检测到重组而不能排序的两个位点（ＳＷ１     

香根草对扑草净污染水体的净化潜力

  目的  探究香根草Vetiveria zizanioides对扑草净污染水体的修复潜力。  方法  采用温室水培模拟实验的方法，研究香根草对水体不同初始质量浓度(1.0、5.0、10.0、15.0 mg·L?1)扑草净的吸收和去除特征。  结果  相同培养时间下，随水体扑草净初始质量浓度增加，香根草茎叶和根系扑草净质量分数显著增加(P＜0.05)，在第5天达到最大值，之后呈波动下降趋势；随培养时间延长，水体扑草净质量浓度显著降低(P＜0.05)。与未种植香根草相比，香根草种植组水体扑草净降解半衰期缩短了14.80~19.78 d，去除率提高了22.52%~55.57%。相关性分析表明:水体扑草净质量浓度与香根草转移系数呈极显著负相关(P＜0.01)，与相对去除率相关性不显著(P＞0.05)，与培养时间呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01)。  结论  种植香根草可提高水体扑草净降解速率和去除率，香根草可作为扑草净污染水体修复的先锋植物。图2表4参31      

Reflections on the system of evaluation of gene-edited livestock

The rapid development of biotechnology has provided a greater understanding of the biological functions of major candidate genes that have important functions regarding economic traits, and new materials for livestock breeding have been obtained through gene editing (GE) and embryo manipulation with the purpose of improving quality and output and reducing the costs and risk of disease. Public concerns, particularly over safety risks and production performance, must be addressed. Evaluation is the most important component of the regulation of gene-edited livestock and is a crucial guarantee of public safety before the marketing of gene-edited animal products. Here, the system of evaluation of gene-edited livestock is discussed in terms of public safety and production performance. The search for safe and ethical applications in the GE of livestock, a case-by-case evaluation strategy, and classification and simplification are used in order to promote a more efficient, objective, comprehensive and operable evaluation system.     

不同处理时间对东部白松种子活力的影响

采用L9(34)正交试验设计,开展了不同处理时间对东部白松种子活力测定、发芽势和发芽率的影响试验.结果表明:酒精处理时间(A)对提高种子发芽势、冷水浸泡时间(B)和层积处理时间(C)对提高种子发芽势和发芽率均达到显著水平(P<0.05),3个因素对种子活力测定影响未达到显著水平(P>0.05),影响种子活力测定、发芽势和发芽率的主次水平的因素排序均为C>B>A,提高种子活力的较佳组合为A1 B2 C3和A1 B3 C3,即在冷水中浸泡7～14 d,种子和沙子体积比1:3混合均匀,放在密闭塑料盒中,置于4℃的冰箱内层积处理60 d,效果最佳.     

微生物资源的生物勘探

从传统资源研究方法和"meta-技术"两方面阐述了微生物勘探的必要性,介绍微生物勘探的主要内容与研究方法,讨论微生物勘探对微生物资源研究的意义与价值及其发展趋势。     

山黧豆β-ODAP与硫代谢关系研究进展

山黧豆(Lathyrus sativus)是干旱、半干旱地区和贫困地区的重要饲料和粮食作物。长期以来,对于其内源毒素非蛋白氨基酸β-N-草酰-L-α,β-二氨基丙酸(β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionicacid,β-ODAP)的过度强调导致山黧豆优良的农艺性状和在膳食平衡中的作用遭受无视。随着全球气候变化,山黧豆优良的综合抗逆性重新引起了科学家的正视。本文根据山黧豆作为传统有毒作物的定位,对其β-ODAP代谢与硫代谢以及抗旱性关系的研究进行了综述,并指出含硫营养的改善是山黧豆育种的重要方向。