2种低毒杀虫剂防治水稻粘虫示范试验

为合理使用低毒农药防治水稻粘虫,2015年7月在广西乐业县同乐镇和甘田镇进行25%灭幼脲悬浮剂和2.2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微乳剂防治粘虫大田示范试验。结果表明:施药后17 d,核心区25%灭幼脲对粘虫的防治效果和保叶率分别为96.19%和94.73%,在培训指导农民防治示范区的防效分别为93.50%和95.10%;施药后10 d,核心区2.2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对粘虫的防治效果和保叶率分别为96.61%和97.35%,在培训指导农民防治示范区的防效分别为90.07%和89.59%。25%灭幼脲和2.2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐处理区对粘虫的防效均要高于农民自防区。     

Dexmedetomidine attenuates acute alcoholic hepatic injury in mice

AIM: To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on acute alcoholic hepatic injury in mice and to explore the possible mechanisms. METHODS: Kunming mice (n=50) were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=10): normal saline control (NS) group, acute alcoholic hepatic injury model (E) group, low-dose (10 μg/kg) DEX (E+L) group, medium-dose (50 μg/kg) DEX (E+M) group and high-dose (100 μg/kg) DEX (E+H) group. The animals were sacrificed at 6 h after gavage of alcohol or normal saline. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. The livers were removed for evaluation of histological characteristics and determining the content of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) amd interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the liver tissues by ELISA. The expression levels of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the liver tissues were evaluated by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with NS group, the levels of ALT, AST and TG were obviously increased in E group, which were obviously decreased in E+M and E+H groups. Compared with NS group, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and MDA were obviously increase in E group, which were obviously decreased in E+M and E+H groups. Compared with NS group, the activity of SOD and the content of GSH were obviously decreased in E group, which were obviously increased in E+M and E+H groups. Compared with NS group, the expression of CYP2E1 and NF-κB was obviously increase in E group, which was obviously decreased in E+M and E+H groups. Compared with NS group, ethanol induced marked liver histological injury, which was less pronounced in E+M and E+H groups. CONCLUSION: DEX has a protective effect on mouse liver with acute alcoholic injury by the involvement in the processes of antioxidation and antiinflammation, and its mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of CYP2E1 and NF-κB expression.     

Screening of lentiviral vectors carrying effective siRNA targeting S1P2 gene

AIM:To screen the lentiviral vector carrying siRNA with higher efficiency of suppressing the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2(S1P2) gene expression in the primarily cultured corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).METHODS:SHR and SD rats (n=5 each) were used for primarily culturing corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells.The cells were randomly divided into 6 groups:SHR siRNA-1,SHR siRNA-2,SHR siRNA-3,SHR GFP,SHR control (SHR non-transfection group),and SD control (SD rat control group).Each group had 5 samples with 1.0×10⁵ cells of each sample.At 72 h after transfection (MOI=60) with lentiviral vectors carrying S1P2 siRNA into the SHR corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells,the expression of GFP was observed under fluorescence microscope.The protein expression of S1P2,ROCK1,ROCK2 and eNOS in the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells,and the mRNA expression of S1P2,ROCK1 and ROCK2 were determined by by Western blot and RT-PCR.RESULTS:The transfection efficiency of the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells in SHR siRNA-1,SHR siRNA-2,SHR siRNA-3 and SHR GFP groups were>80%.Compared with SHR control group,the mRNA levels and the protein expression of S1P2,ROCK1 and ROCK2 in SHR GFP group showed no remarkable changes,while those in SHR siRNA-1,SHR siRNA-2,SHR siRNA-3 and SD control groups were significantly lower than those in SHR control group (P<0.05).The protein expression of eNOS in SHR siRNA-1,SHR siRNA-2,SHR siRNA-3 and SHR GFP groups were not significantly changed as compared with SHR control group,but that in SD control group was significantly higher than that in SHR control group.CONCLUSION:Three groups of siRNA lentiviral vectors targeting S1P2 inhibit the expression of S1P2 in the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells of SHR,and by silencing the S1P2 expression,the expression of ROCK1 and ROCK2 is inhibited.Among them,siRNA-1 has the highest inhibitory efficiency.     

Protective effects of taurine on LPS-induced myocardial damage in rats

AIM: To investigate the effects of taurine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced myocardial damage in rats. METHODS: Healthy male SD rats (n=30) were randomly divided into control group (CON), LPS model group (LPS) and taurine treatment group (TAU). The rats in CON group and LPS group were intravenously injected with normal saline, and the rats in TAU group were injected with taurine (100 mg/kg). After 2 h, the rats in LPS group and TAU group were intraperitoneally injected with LPS at 10 mg/kg, and the rats in CON group were injected with normal saline. Six hours after injection of LPS, the blood samples were collected for determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. The myocardial tissues were processed for histological examination and the analysis of Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with CON group, LPS significantly reduced SOD activity in the serum and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) protein expression in the myocardial tissues, increased the serum content of MDA and levels of TNF-α and IL-6. LPS also significantly elevated the levels of TNF-α and IL-6, and up-regulated the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in the myocardial tissues. Taurine pretreatment significantly elevated SOD activity and HO-1 protein expression level, decreased the levels of COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6 and phosphorylated NF-κB. Histological observation showed that taurine reduced inflammatory response in the myocardial tissue. CONCLUSION: Taurine attenuates LPS-induced myocardial damage in rats. The beneficial effects of taurine may be associated with its reduction of p-NF-κB/COX-2 signaling by activation of HO-1/CO.     

Model construction of rat coronary artery smooth muscle cell endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by thapsigargin

AIM: To investigate the primary culture method for coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMCs), and to establish the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) model in CASMCs of SD rats. METHODS: CASMCs were cultured by tissue explant method. The morphological characteristics were observed under optical microscope. The marker proteins of CASMCs, including α-SMA and SM-MHC, were identified by immunofluorescence technique. The protein expression levels of BiP and CHOP, the marker molecules of ERS, were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: The spindle-shaped CASMCs climbed out from the edge of coronary artery tissues after 6 d, and formed the typical "hill and valley" growth pattern of CASMCs at 9~10 d. The result of immunofluorescence technique showed that α-SMA and SM-MHC were positively expressed. The results of Western blot showed that the protein expression of BiP and CHOP in TG (1 and 2 μmol/L) treatment groups was increased compared with control group. Compared with control group, the protein expression of BiP and CHOP was significantly increased after 1 μmol/L TG treatment for 24 and 48 h. CONCLUSION: CASMCs can be successfully cultured by tissue explant method. ERS model of CASMCs was established by 1 μmol/L TG treatment for 24 h.     

华南型黄瓜新品种‘力丰’

‘力丰’黄瓜是以耐热自交系‘冠农–863’为母本,抗病自交系‘揭阳乌皮青–311’为父本配制而成的杂交一代华南型新品种。植株生长势强,早熟性及丰产性好。瓜圆筒形,瓜长25 cm,单瓜质量400 g左右,品质良,风味佳,耐贮运。耐热,抗枯萎病,一般产量60.0 t·hm~(-2),适合华南地区春秋季及东南亚地区种植。     

宿根福禄考幼苗对盐胁迫的生理响应

以盆栽宿根福禄考幼苗为试材,研究了不同浓度的NaCl胁迫处理对其叶片丙二醛、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质和游离脯氨酸含量的影响,以探讨宿根福禄考幼苗对盐胁迫的生理适应特性。结果表明:在低于120mmol·L~(-1) NaCl胁迫处理下,宿根福禄考幼苗丙二醛含量增加幅度并不大;当胁迫浓度超过120mmol·L~(-1)时,其含量骤然增加;随着NaCl胁迫浓度的升高,可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白质含量均呈"先升高后下降"的趋势;可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸二者同步积累,共同发挥其渗透调节功能。     

供钾水平对小白菜同化物及钾素分配的影响

以"苏州青"和"矮脚黄"2个小白菜品种为试材,采用室内模拟砂培培养法,研究了供钾水平(0.0、2.5、5.0、7.5、10.0mmol·L~(-1))对其根、叶柄和叶片同化物及钾素分配的影响,以期为采用钾高效利用技术提高小白菜产投比的钾营养诊断相关研究奠定基础。结果表明:供钾水平对小白菜生物量的影响随其生育期的延长而增大。其中,"苏州青"的同化物分配对供钾水平的响应较"矮脚黄"相对敏感,其可食部分生物量(地上部生物量、产量)最大时的供钾水平相对低于"矮脚黄",而植株不同部位钾含量最高时的供钾水平却相对高于"矮脚黄"。小白菜植株不同部位钾含量的高低顺序依次为叶柄、叶片和根系,且不同部位钾含量最高时所需要的外源供钾水平及钾在小白菜植株不同部位的分配百分比均表现为叶片叶柄根系,说明小白菜植株不同部位对供钾水平的敏感性存在明显差异。适宜的供钾水平可能通过协调同化物在植株不同部位的分配,并维持分配比例的稳定性,达到促进小白菜生长的效果。与正常供钾水平比,供试的2个品种小白菜对过量钾的响应也存在一定的差异:分别通过明显降低"苏州青"的根系钾含量及矮脚黄的根系同化物的分配,而减少了钾在其各自根系中的分配。缺钾通过降低同化物,特别是钾在小白菜叶柄中的分配而明显增加了其向叶片和根系的分配,进而提高了小白菜的根冠比。随着供钾水平的升高,只有叶柄的同化物和钾分配的百分比均有所升高,且以钾分配百分比的升高幅度远大于同化物。综上所述,叶柄钾含量和叶柄钾分配百分比对小白菜钾营养状况存在较好的指示作用。     

大葱ISSR反应体系的建立及优化

以大葱嫩叶为试材,采用单因素试验和正交实验探讨了Mg~(2+)浓度、dNTPs浓度、引物浓度、TaqDNA聚合酶用量、模板DNA以及Buffer用量对大葱ISSR-PCR扩增的影响,建立了大葱ISSR反应体系。结果表明:优化后的最佳反应体系为10μL反应体系中,10×Buffer缓冲液1.0μL,Mg~(2+)浓度为2.0mmol·L~(-1),dNTPs浓度为0.3mmol·L~(-1),引物浓度为0.65μmol·L~(-1),Taq酶1.0U,模板DNA为60ng,用灭菌的超纯水补齐体积至10μL。对大葱71份样品材料进行ISSR-PCR扩增体系的检测结果显示,该优化体系扩增的产物条带清晰,稳定性高,为大葱种质ISSR分子标记遗传结构分析提供参考依据。