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201.
L.J.Polintan 《农业工程技术:农产品加工》2011,(5)
印度贫困地区发现一种新的发电方式,并从中得到安慰。一位名叫Manoj Shinha的可再生能源企业家,开拓性地使用废弃稻米壳作为生物给料来为印度最贫穷的省邦之一比哈尔邦提供电力。 相似文献
202.
Martínez Silvestre A Rodríguez Domínguez MA Mateo JA Pastor J Marco I Lavín S Cuenca R 《The Veterinary record》2004,155(9):266-269
Blood samples were taken from the ventral coccygeal vein of 15 El Hierro giant lizards (Gallotia simonyi) (seven females and eight males), six La Gomera giant lizards (Gallotia bravoana) (four males and two females) and four Tenerife giant lizards (Gallotia intermedia) (two males and two females), and 31 blood parameters were measured. Among the haematological parameters there were significant differences between the three species in heterophils, azurophils and lymphocytes, but no significant differences in red blood cell count, white blood cell count, haemoglobin, packed-cell volume, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils. In terms of blood chemistry there were significant differences between the three species in cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, sodium, chloride, urea, uric acid, total proteins, prealbumin, albumin and gamma globulins, but no significant differences in calcium, potassium, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase, bile acids, alpha-1 and alpha-2 globulins and beta globulins. 相似文献
203.
Muhid A Robertson I Ng J Yang R Ryan U 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2012,191(1):135-137
Two hundred and forty calf faecal samples from 16 Malaysian farms were screened by PCR for Giardia spp. The overall prevalence was 12.5% and the overall farm prevalence was 68.8% (11/16 farms). The prevalence in pre-weaned and weaned calves was 16.7% and 8.3%, respectively. Sequence analysis of 25 isolates identified all as G. duodenalis assemblage E. Management factors associated with an increased risk of infection with Giardia spp. included keeping weaned calves in pens with sand floors and calf age. Keeping pre-weaned calves in pens with concrete floors and calving in single cow calving areas decreased the risk. 相似文献
204.
205.
Kuroishi T Komine K Kai K Itagaki M Kobayashi J Ohta M Kamata S Kumagai K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(8):899-906
To investigate the pathological role of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) in bovine mastitis, the production of SEs and TSST-1 was investigated in staphylococci isolated from 120 mammary gland secretions (MGS, 51 from no clinical sign-mammary glands and 69 from staphylococcal mastitic-mammary glands) collected from dairy farms where staphylococcal mastitis frequently occurred in Miyagi and Yamagata prefectures from 1997 to 1998. Concentrations of these toxins and specific antibody titers in each MGS were also measured. Furthermore, SEC and TSST-1 were inoculated into lactating mammary glands and inflammatory responses were analyzed. A high percentage of staphylococci including Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from both no clinical sign- and mastitic-MGS produced both SEC and/or TSST-1. The concentration of SEC increased with the severity of the mastitis, and was significantly higher (P<0.05) in acute mastitic-than in no clinical signs-MGS. Titers of specific antibodies to TSST-1 in MGS were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those to SEC, regardless of whether or not the cows were lactating or mastitic. Specific antibodies purified from MGS neutralized each toxin in vitro. A significant increase (P < 0.05) in somatic cell counts was induced by the intramammary inoculation of SEC but not TSST-1. These findings indicated that SEC rather than TSST-1 plays an important role in the pathology of staphylococcal bovine mastitis. The inflammatory activity of TSST-1 was probably neutralized by specific antibodies in MGS. 相似文献
206.
McClenahan D Fagliari J Evanson O Weiss D 《American journal of veterinary research》2000,61(5):492-498
OBJECTIVE: To determine the capacity of inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-8 (IL-8), platelet-activating factor (PAF), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and leukotoxin to prime, activate, or alter deformability of adult bovine neutrophils. SAMPLE POPULATION: Blood collected from 5 healthy adult Holstein cows. PROCEDURE: Isolated neutrophils or whole blood was incubated with TNF-alpha, IL-8, PAF, LPS, or leukotoxin, and neutrophil chemiluminescence, degranulation, deformability, shape change, CD11b expression, and size distribution was measured. RESULTS: Incubation with TNF-alpha, IL-8, PAF, and LPS primed neutrophils for oxygen radical release but caused minimal oxygen radical release by themselves. None of the inflammatory mediators induced degranulation. Incubation with TNF-alpha and PAF resulted in a decrease in neutrophil deformability and induced shape change in neutrophils. Incubation with PAF consistently resulted in an increase in neutrophil size as measured by use of flow cytometry. Only IL-8 caused an increase in expression of CD11b by neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Inflammatory mediators tested had minimal effects on neutrophil oxygen radical production or degranulation but did prime neutrophils for oxygen radical production. Incubation with PAF and TNF-alpha caused a decrease in neutrophil deformability and altered neutrophil shape and size. Results of our study indicate that PAF- and TNF-alpha-induced changes in neutrophil deformability and size may cause integrin- and selectin-independent trapping of neutrophils in the lungs of cattle with pneumonic pasteurellosis. 相似文献
207.
208.
Highly conserved protective epitopes on influenza B viruses 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
C Dreyfus NS Laursen T Kwaks D Zuijdgeest R Khayat DC Ekiert JH Lee Z Metlagel MV Bujny M Jongeneelen R van der Vlugt M Lamrani HJ Korse E Geelen Ö Sahin M Sieuwerts JP Brakenhoff R Vogels OT Li LL Poon M Peiris W Koudstaal AB Ward IA Wilson J Goudsmit RH Friesen 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6100):1343-1348
Identification of broadly neutralizing antibodies against influenza A viruses has raised hopes for the development of monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapy and "universal" vaccines for influenza. However, a substantial part of the annual flu burden is caused by two cocirculating, antigenically distinct lineages of influenza B viruses. Here, we report human monoclonal antibodies, CR8033, CR8071, and CR9114, that protect mice against lethal challenge from both lineages. Antibodies CR8033 and CR8071 recognize distinct conserved epitopes in the head region of the influenza B hemagglutinin (HA), whereas CR9114 binds a conserved epitope in the HA stem and protects against lethal challenge with influenza A and B viruses. These antibodies may inform on development of monoclonal antibody-based treatments and a universal flu vaccine for all influenza A and B viruses. 相似文献
209.
Gabriël S Ververken C Vercruysse J Duchateau L Phiri IK Goddeeris BM 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,144(1-2):61-67
The objective of this study was to elucidate whether calves born to infected dams had been primed against Schistosoma mattheei antigens. Infection-confirmed, pregnant cows were randomly selected for monitoring their offspring. Pre-colostral serum was collected from the neonates for the detection of specific antibodies at birth, as they indicate a transplacental transfer of schistosome-specific antibodies and antigen. At the age of approximately 2 months, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of calves were analysed for specific memory by antigen-specific stimulation in vitro. Twenty-six of the 30 calves demonstrated S. mattheei-specific proliferation. All 12 seropositive-born, as well as 14 of the 18 seronegative-born (before colostrum uptake) calves displayed mattheei-specific proliferation. The results indicate that the calves were primed against S. mattheei and might explain why seropositive-born calves from infected dams are better protected against S. mattheei, and query the impermeability of the damaged ruminant placenta with consequences for antigen transfer. 相似文献
210.
Gabriel A Poncelet L Van Ham L Clercx C Braund KG Bhatti S Detilleux J Peeters D 《The Journal of small animal practice》2006,47(3):144-149
OBJECTIVES: To characterise clinical, electrophysiological and histopathological findings. To analyse pedigree information in six young related Pyrenean mountain dogs with laryngeal paralysis-polyneuropathy complex (LP-PNC). METHODS: A retrospective study of clinical records and pedigrees of six young related Pyrenean mountain dogs with LP-PNC was carried out. RESULTS: All dogs were presented with laryngeal paralysis and concurrent megaoesophagus. Electrodiagnostic testing was performed in three dogs and showed electrophysiological abnormalities in the distal appendicular muscles. Histopathological findings of peripheral nerve samples were dominated by distal axonal degeneration. Clinical, electrophysiological and histopathological findings were supportive of a diagnosis of degenerative, sensorimotor LP-PNC, similar to that reported in young dalmatians and rottweilers. All dogs died or were euthanased by two years of age. An autosomal recessive mode of inheritance was suspected based on pedigree analysis. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Congenital LP-PNC should be suspected in any young dog presenting with laryngeal dysfunction and other concurrent neurological abnormalities. The prognosis is usually poor. 相似文献