Fructose 1,6-biphosphate aldolase in the sera of Simmental young bulls Connection with the fattening capacity, muscle quantity and protein content

SUMMARY: The activity of enzyme aldolase (ALD) was determined in the sera of Simmental young bulls, with the purpose to see whether there exists a relationship between the enzyme activity and fattening capacity and whether the ALD could be an indicator of the muscle quantity and protein content. Early ALD activity was correlated with slaughter weight and ADG in the last fattening month. The regression analysis suggests that young bulls with higher serum ALD acitivity at the start of the experiment had more total muscles and less bone in the analysed rib part. On the basis of ALD activity in the first fattening month it was possible to estimate protein and fat content in the MLD. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Fructose-1,6-biphosphat Aldolase beim Serum Simmentaler Jungbullen. Beziehung zwischen Mastf?higkeit, Muskelmenge und Proteingehalt Aldolase (ALD) Enzymt?tigkeit im Serum von Simmentaler Jungbullen wurden in Hinblick auf eine Beziehung mit Mastf?higkeit, Muskelmenge und Proteingehalt untersucht. Es zeigt sich eine Korrelation zwischen früher ALD Aktivit?t und Schlachtgewicht und Tageszuwachs im Endmastmonat. Regressionsanalyse ergab, da? Jungbullen mit h?herer ALD Aktivit?t bei Mastbeginn mehr Muskelanteil im m. longissimus dorsi und weniger Knochen besitzen. ALD Aktivit?t im ersten Mastmonat erlaubt Sch?tzung des Protein- und Fettgehalts im m. long, dorsi. RESUMEN: Fructosa 1,6-bifosfato aldolasa en el suero de los terneros simentales. Relatión con sus capacidades de ser cebados, su cantidad de músculos y el contenido de proteínas Con el fin de establecer la relación entre la actividad de enzimas y las capacidades durante el proceso de la ceba, asf como para precisar si el ALD puede servir como indicador de la cantidad de músculos y el contenido de proteinas, intentaba determinarse la actividad de los enzimas de aldolasa (ALD) en el suero de los terneros simentales. A base de la actividad indicial del ALD, es posible estimar el peso final de matadero y la crecencia diaria media durante el último mes de la ceba. Tras una análisis regresiva se ha probado que los terneros con una actividad mayor del ALD en el suero a principios del proceso de su ceba tienen más músculos en total en la parte de costillas y m. longissimus dorsi mientras que tienen menos huesos. A base de la actividad del ALD durante el primer mes de la ceba es posible estimar el contenido de proteinas y grasa en m. long, dorsi. RéSUMé: Fructose 1.6-biphosphate aldolase dans le sérum des taurillons de Simmental. Le rapport entre l'aptitude à l'angraissement, la proportion des muscles et la teneur en protéines On a déterminé l'activité de l'enzyme aldolase (ALD) dans le sérum des taurillons de Simmental afin de vérifier s'il existait un rapport entre l'activité des enzymes et l'aptitude à l'engraissement et si l'ALD pouvait être indicatrice de la proportion de muscles et de la teneur en protéines. A la base de l'activité initiale de l'ALD, il est possible d'évaluer le poids de la carcasse et le gain quotidien moyen au cours du dernier mois d'engrais. Par analyse régressive, il a été établi que les taurillons à l'activité supérieure de l'ALD dans le sérum avaient au début de l'engrais plus de muscles au total dans la région costale et le m. longissimus dorsi et moins d'os. A la base de l'activité de l'ALD au cours du premier mois d'engrais il est possible d'évaluer la teneur en protéines et en graisse dans le muscle longissimus dorsi.     

Serum bile acids and the assessment of hepatic function in dogs and cats

Current literature in veterinary internal medicine regarding the clinical use of the serum bile acids test to assess hepatobiliary function in dogs and cats is reviewed. The test is best used in cases where clinical signs and routine laboratory tests are suggestive of liver disease. It is a highly sensitive and specific test of hepatic function, and is the best method of assessing liver function available to the private practitioner. Abnormal results do not determine etiology, severity, or prognosis of the disorder. They merely indicate the need for hepatic biopsy. The serum bile acids concentration should always be measured in both a fasting and a two-hour postprandial sample.     

The pharmacokinetics of thiamphenicol in lactating cows

The pharmacokinetics of thiamphenicol were studied after intravenous and intramuscular administration of 25 mg/kg body weight in lactating cows. Distribution (t _1/2) and elimination (t _1/2) half-lives of 6.10±1.39 min and 1.60±0.30 h, respectively, were obtained after intravenous administration. The body clearance was 3.9±0.077 ml/kg per min and the apparent volume of distribution was 1220.79±256.67 ml/kg. The rate at which thiamphenicol appeared in the milk, as indicated by the penetration half-life (t _1/2P) (serum to quarters), was found to be 36.89±11.14 min. The equivalent elimination half-life (t _1/2E) (quarters to serum) from the milk was 3.62±1.06 h and the peak thiamphenicol concentration in the milk was 23.09±3.42 µg/ml at 2.5±0.32 h.After intramuscular injection, the elimination half-life was 2.2±0.40 h, the absorption half-life was 4.02±1.72 min and the peak concentration in the serum was 30.90±5.24 µg/ml at 23±8.4 min. The bioavailability after intramuscular administration approached 100%. The penetration half-life was 50.59±6.87 min, the elimination half-life was 5.91±4.97 h and the mean peak concentration in the milk was 17.37±2.20 µg/ml at 3.4±0.22 h.Abbreviations AUC area under the concentration-time curve - CAP chloramphenicol - C _max peak concentration - IM intramuscular - IV intravenous - TAP thiamphenicol - t _1/2 distribution half-life - t _1/2 elimination half-life - V _c volume of central compartment - V _d volume of distribution     

Malignant catarrhal fever in a swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calf in New Zealand

Malignant catarrhal fever was diagnosed in a newly imported swamp buffalo calf. This disease is prevalent in deer and cattle in New Zealand and causes sporadic losses in these species. The disease is recognised as a problem in buffaloes overseas and this paper records the first case in a swamp buffalo in New Zealand.     

Optimal cultivar mixtures in focal plant diseases

This paper deals with a study on the effects of mixtures of partially resistant cultivars in focus forming plant diseases. The focus expansion velocity in a mixture of two partially resistant cultivars depends on four parameters, the focus expansion velocity in a crop of cultivar 1 only and in a crop of cultivar 2 only, the net-reproduction in a crop of cultivar 1 and of cultivar 2, respectively. An explicit equation is developed for the damage of a cultivar mixture where the crop is infected by two physiological races of the pathogen. It is shown that cultivar mixtures exist where damage is smaller than in crops of either of the two cultivars only. A simple explicit formula is given on the basis of which it can be decided whether an optimal mixture exists for a given pathosystem.     

Segregation and linkage analysis of DNA markers in microspore derived and F2 populations of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

Summary The segregation of RFLP and RAPD markers was compared in two oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) breeding populations from the cross Topas x R4, the latter being a low linolenic mutation line. A total progeny of 68 F₂ and 40 microspore derived plants were studied with 25 markers. The results indicated a significant excess of Topas alleles at five RAPD loci in the microspore derived population. This suggests that genomic regions which probably affect microspore culture ability do not have identical distribution in the two population types.     

Genotypic differences in speed and magnitude of response to ahemeral lighting

1. The paper compares between three genetically different lines in their egg weight and shell thickness response to a 28‐h cycle.

2. The response in shell thickness to ahemeral lighting was more rapid (2.2 d) than for egg weight (4.2 d).

3. Differences between genotypes were evident in both the speed and magnitude of response.

4. Overall, egg weight and shell thickness on the 28‐h cycle were 7% and 8% greater than on 24 h.

5. The allometric increase indicates that the increase in shell weight was on average 14% more than the increase in egg weight.