苯并芘对猪卵母细胞SHH信号通路影响的研究

如今空气污染问题仍广泛存在,其中苯并芘（Benzo （a） pyrene,BaP）是一种常见的空气污染物,对人和动物的健康具有严重影响。据报道,BaP可以显著降低卵母细胞IVM （卵母细胞体外成熟）能力,但机制尚不清楚。因此,本研究在猪卵母细胞IVM培养液中添加不同浓度BaP （50 μM、100 μM、200 μM）检测其对卵母细胞IVM能力的影响,并检测此过程SHH信号通路相关基因和蛋白的表达。结果显示50 μM BaP处理组卵母细胞IVM能力显著低于对照组（76.5 vs 68.1,P<0.05）,并随着BaP浓度增加进一步下降。同时,qPCR和免疫荧光染色检测发现,50 μM BaP处理组卵母细胞中SHH信号通路相关基因mRNA和蛋白表达量,均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。因此,本研究初步证明BaP可能通过破坏SHH信号通路降低猪卵母细胞IVM能力。     

木耳菌棒力学性能试验

以经过栽培的木耳菌棒为试验材料,在万能试验机上对不同含水率的菌棒试样进行剪切、压缩的力学性能试验。试验结果表明:含水率是影响菌棒剪切强度、抗压强度的重要自然因素。平均含水率分别为11.75%,21.16%,27.68%的菌棒其平均剪切强度分别为29.4k Pa、20k Pa、14.5k Pa。平均含水率分别为14.3%,24%的菌棒,其平均抗压强度分别为144.7k Pa、77.7k Pa。菌棒的含水率与剪切强度,抗压强度均呈幂指数关系。这些都为研制菌棒粉碎机械、选择粉碎参数提供了设计依据。     

柴油/天然气双燃料发动机工作过程模拟计算

把柴油/天然气双燃料发动机工作过程分成七个阶段:压缩阶段、滞燃期阶段、燃烧阶段、纯排气阶段、进排气阶段、纯进气阶段,建立了每个阶段的数学模型,燃烧过程用三个Wiebe函数来描述。在Matlab下的Simulink环境中建立发动机工作过程的仿真模型进行模拟,将仿真数据与试验数据进行对比,发现该模型的仿真结果与试验数据相吻合。     

基于快速成型技术的植保机械快速设计开发-以农用喷雾器为例

探讨应用先进的快速成型技术,进行植保机械快速设计开发的新途径。以植保机械中常用的农用喷雾器为例,进行喷雾器药液箱体的快速造型设计和手柄开关的快速结构设计,并对其进行分析。设计案例表明:快速成型技术解决了农用喷雾器设计开发中的一些难题,是植保机械快速设计开发的有效工具,对于加快推进植保机械化具有积极的促进作用。     

我国蔬菜育苗产业现状及发展动态

蔬菜育苗是蔬菜生产中的关键环节之一,不仅可以节约用种量、增加复种指数,而且便于集约化管理,在我国有广阔的市场前景。为此,阐述了我国目前主要的几种育苗方法及相关技术,指出现阶段我国蔬菜育苗产业存在着育苗企业良莠不齐、缺乏规范化管理、育苗方法技术滞后和劳动者技术水平低等问题,并有针对性地提出了解决措施。目前,随着我国农业种植结构的调整,蔬菜育苗产业正向基质低廉化、育苗工厂化、育苗专业化及种苗标准化等方向发展。     

The Fluorescent Characterization and Analysis of Two Brucella Attenuated Vaccine Infecting Mouse Macrophagocyte

The experiment was conducted to discuss the difference of binding time of green fluorescent protein B.melitensis M5 (GFP-M5) and B.abortus S19 (GFP-S19) infecting the mouse macrophagocyte (RAW264.7),lysosome,endoplasmic reticulum and golgi body in the initial stage and compare the binding rate of GFP-M5,GFP-S19 with organelle in different timeline,respectively,by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and flow cytometry.The result showed that GFP-M5 and GFP-S19 were successfully constructed.The intracellular survival ability of Brucella M5,Brucella S19,GFP-M5 and GFP-S19 were not obvisouly affected after infecting RAW264.7.GFP-M5 and GFP-S19 could enter the macrophagocyte in 30 mins,and in 2 h the Brucella could reach lysosome,endoplasmic reticulum and golgi body.In addition,the binding time for two attenuated vaccine did not show differences in 1,2,3 and 4 h.The content of GFP⁺ cell produced by RAW264.7 infected by GFP-M5 and GFP-S19 did not show significant differences (P>0.05).Therefore,the two strains did not have significant differences in the invasion ability in the initial stage of infecting host cell.     

Effects of Compound Plant Nutrients on Rumen Fermentation Parameters,Rumen Microbiota and Fatty Acid Composition of Longissimus dorsi Muscle in Finishing Small Tail Han Sheep北大核心CSCD

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of compound p1ant nutrients (CPN) on rumen fermentation parameters, rumen microbiota and fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi musc1e in finishing sma11 tai1 Han sheep. Sixteen 4-month-o1d finishing sma11 tai1 Han sheep with an initia1 body weight (BW) of (24.18±0.31) kg were random1y divided into two groups, name1y, with 8 rep1icates per group and 1 sheep per rep1icate. The sheep in the contro1 group were fed a basa1 diet, whereas the sheep of the contro1 group (CPN group) was fed the basa1 diet supp1ementation with 3‰ CPN. The experiment 1asted for 97 days after 7 days adaption. The resu1ts showed as fo11ows: compared with the contro1 group, 1) adding CPN decreased the concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) (P<0.05); 2) CPN supp1ementation affected beta diversity of rumen microbiota; 3) the re1ative abundance of Acidobacteriota, Erysipe1otrichaceae_UCG-002, Lactobacillus, and Megasphaera were enhanced by adding CPN (P<0.05), whereas, the re1ative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Prevotella was 1ower (P<0.05); 4) the supp1ementation of CPN had no significant effect on fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi musc1e of fattening sma11-tai1ed Han sheep (P>0.05); 5) the contents of tota1 MUFA, C18:1n9c, C14:1, C16:1, C18:2n6c, C18:3n3 and n-3PUFA in the longissimus dorsi musc1e were corre1ated with the re1ative abundance of Megasphaera, Erysipe1otrichaceae_UCG-002, Succiniclasticum and Ruminococcus (P<0.05). In conc1usion, CPN can regu1ate the rumen microbiota structure and reduce the rumen NH3-N concentration of fattening sma11-tai1ed Han sheep. In production practice, CPN can be used as a rumen eco1ogica1 regu1ator. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

植物线粒体蛋白质组与细胞质雄性不育研究进展

细胞质雄性不育(cytoplasmic male sterility,CMS)是植物杂种优势利用的基础,大量研究表明CMS是线粒体基因与细胞核基因互作的结果.蛋白质是基因表达的产物,也是基因功能的执行者,研究线粒体蛋白质有利于探索CMS产生机理.本文综述了CMS相关的线粒体蛋白质的研究进展,并探讨了PPR(peatatricopeptide repeats)基因的结构特征、生物学功能及对CMS相关基因的表达调控.     

铁皮石斛在人工光型密闭式植物工厂的适宜光照强度

人工光型密闭式植物工厂适于高附加值植物尤其是珍贵药用植物的大规模/低成本化生产,其环境调控对珍贵药用植物的产量和质量有重要影响。笔者研究探索在控制温度、湿度、CO2浓度和光周期的条件下,光照强度对铁皮石斛(Dendrobium officinale)组培苗生长发育的影响,以期找到铁皮石斛组培阶段在人工光可控环境下的适宜光照环境。鲜重约300mg的铁皮石斛单腋芽作为外植体在温度24±1℃、湿度65±5%、光周期12h/d、及光期CO2浓度800±50μmol/mol的环境条件下,设置光照强度为37、68、92、120μmol/(m2·s)的4组试验区,并使用容积为380mL的方型聚碳酸酯组培容器在人工光型密闭式植物工厂中培育92d。组培容器的顶部留2个直径为10mm的圆孔覆盖高分子透气膜用来与容器外进行气体交换。铁皮石斛组培苗的生长发育和生理活性在光照强度为68μmol/(m2·s)时最佳,超过92μmol/(m2·s)时呈现明显的光抑制;多糖含量随着光照强度的增强而增加,超过92μmol/(m2·s)时呈下降趋势,但是68和92μmol/(m2·s)光照强度试验区的多糖含量没有显著性差异。因此,铁皮石斛组培苗在人工光型密闭式植物工厂内培育的适宜光照强度为60￣70μmol/(m2·s)。