Occurrence of 2n gametes in the F1 hybrids of Oriental × Asiatic lilies (Lilium): Relevance to intergenomic recombination and backcrossing

Cytological modes of the origin of 2n gametes were investigated in six different genotypes of F₁ hybrids between Oriental and Asiatic (OA) lilies (Lilium, 2n = 2x = 24). Chromosome pairing between the parental genomes was very low, the average frequency range from 0.3 to 1.2 bivalents per cell among the genotypes. Within a genotype the frequency of bivalents varied from 0 to 6 in some cases. The normally occurring haploid pollen grains were totally sterile. In contrast, in different genotypes, variable percentages of 2n pollen were found and shown to be fertile as estimated from pollen germination. A cytological analysis of Metaphase I and subsequent stages of meiosis using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) revealed that there was intergenomic recombination between the alien genomes. Following Metaphase I stage, three different types of abnormal cytological events led to the formation of 2n pollen: (i) Post-Metaphase I division (PMI), (ii) Post-Metaphase II division (PMII) and (iii) Asymmetric Cytokinesis of the pollen mother cell followed by chromosome division. All three cytological events led to first division restitution (FDR) gametes. Based on in vitro pollen germination it was proved for two genotypes that 2n pollen was viable only during the first day of anthesis. It was possible to use 2n pollen successfully for backcrossing. Implications of 2n pollen for intergenomic recombination in BC₁ progenies are discussed.     

3种低温等离子体技术对水稻秸秆糖化率的影响

为探寻环境友好的秸秆预处理方法,提高秸秆等生物质资源的利用效率,以水稻秸秆为原料,采用3种不同的低温等离子体装置：灭菌柜、介质阻止放电及射频电容耦合对其进行预处理,分别对3种方法的处理条件进行优化,并在此基础上考察预处理后秸秆对纤维素酶的吸附能力及纤维素和半纤维素的糖化效率。结果表明,与未处理的秸秆对照相比,3种方法均可以降低水稻秸秆对纤维素酶的吸附能力,同时提高秸秆中纤维素和半纤维素的糖化率;其中,介质阻挡空气放电对秸秆的处理效果最好,秸秆对酶的吸附率比未处理秸秆的对照组降低了67.6%,而纤维素和半纤维素的糖化率分别比未处理秸秆的对照组提高了34.6%和44.7%。该研究为今后利用低温等离子体预处理秸秆相关技术的改进和深入研究提供了参考。     

Phosphorus fractionation and adsorption characteristics in drinking water reservoir inlet river sediments under human disturbance

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Sediment phosphorus fractionation, adsorption kinetics, and adsorption isotherm characteristics were studied in two rivers, Muyang River and Lengshui River in...     

Effects of maternal limb ischemic preconditioning on structural and functional changes of mitochondria in fetal hippocampal neurons induced by intrauterine distress-reoxygenation in rats

AIM: To investigate the effects of maternal limb ischemic preconditioning (LIP) on the mitochondrial structures and functions of the hippocampal neurons induced by reoxygenation in the intrauterine distress fetal rats. METHODS: Pregnant rats (n=40) were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham (S) group, LIP group, fetal distress (FD) group and LIP+FD group. Intrauterine ischemia model was established through the experimental design. The ultrastructure of the mitochondria in CA1 area of the hippocampus was observed. The mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured. The content of ATP and MDA in the hippocampus tissue was detected. The activity of Mn-SOD was observed. RESULTS: Compared with sham group, the ultrastructure of mitochondria in CA1 area of the hippocampus was damaged in FD group and LIP+FD group. The mitochondrial membrane potential, the content of ATP and the activity of Mn-SOD were decreased. However, the content of ROS and MDA was increased. Compared with FD group, the ultrastructure of mitochondria in CA1 area of the hippocampus was intact in LIP+FD group. Furthermore, the reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP content were inhibited. The activity of Mn-SOD was increased, but the content of ROS and MDA was decreased in LIP+FD group. CONCLUSION: Limb ischemia preconditioning inhibits the damage the mitochondria of fetal hippocampal neurons induced by reoxygenation in the intrauterine distress fetal rats.     

筇竹与黄皮树人工混交林中筇竹地上部分生物量模型构建

本研究以筇竹与黄皮树人工混交林中筇竹地上部分为研究对象,测定分析了1~4年生分株地上部分各构件生物量及含水率,建立人工筇竹分株地上部分各构件的生物量及总生物量模型,以期为人工筇竹林的经营管理及其碳汇项目的开发提供科学依据。结果表明：随着筇竹分株年龄的增加,各构件含水率和生物量均逐渐减少,筇竹1~4年生分株地上部分平均含水率分别为57.62%、53.40%、50.01%、42.66%,平均生物量分别为133.99、123.31、109.76、85.39 g/m²;各年龄分株地上部分生物量的分配均呈现出秆＞枝＞叶的变化规律。不同年龄分株的胸径与秆、枝、叶生物量及地上部分总生物量均有极显著相关性(P＜0.01)。以胸径为自变量建立的各年龄筇竹分株地上部分总生物量模型的决定系数(R²)均在0.93以上,具有较高的可信度,也有着较强的适用性,可用于类似立地条件下的筇竹分株生物量估测。     

珍稀绢丝昆虫柳蚕的DNA条形编码与系统进化初步分析

利用DNA测序技术获得柳蚕(Actias selene)线粒体细胞色素酶C亚基Ⅰ基因(COI)5′端574 bp的片段,作为用于柳蚕种质资源分子鉴定的DNA条形编码(GenBank:FJ358505)。测定的柳蚕COI基因序列与其它大蚕蛾科绢丝昆虫的COI序列一样,均表现出偏好于碱基T的倾向(AT skew=-0.179)。在所分析的蚕类昆虫中,柳蚕与合目大蚕蛾的遗传距离最小(0.120),而与蓖麻蚕之间的遗传距离最大(0.138)。构建的NJ和UPGMA分子树中,大蚕蛾科的柳蚕属、柞蚕属、蓖麻蚕属、大乌桕蚕属、栗蚕属均各自形成一个支系,并且明显形成两个分支:大蚕蛾族(saturni-ini),包括柳蚕、柞蚕和栗蚕;眉纹大蚕蛾族(attacini),包括蓖麻蚕和大乌桕蚕。这一结果与传统分类一致。     

2016-2017年陕西省小麦区试品种（系）综合抗病性鉴定与评价

为了解2016-2017年陕西省区试的137份小麦品种(系)对条锈病、白粉病和赤霉病的综合抗病水平,以当前我国小麦条锈病主要流行小种CYR32、CYR33和CYR34混合菌株、小麦白粉菌混合菌株和小麦赤霉病强致病力菌株为病原,对区试品种(系)进行成株期人工接种鉴定。结果表明,137份区试材料中,有2份材料对条锈病、白粉病和赤霉病兼具抗性,占供试材料的1.5%,分别为西农238和西农928;6份材料对条锈病和白粉病兼具抗性,占供试材料的4.4%;对条锈病、白粉病和赤霉病表现高抗的材料（含免疫/近免疫）分别占供试材料的34.3%、2.9%和0.7%,中抗品种分别占35.0%、4.4%、33.6%,中感品种分别占21.9% 、8.0% 、30.7%,高感品种分别占8.6%、84.7%、35.0%。陕西省区试小麦品种（系）对条锈病的抗性整体较高,对白粉病和赤霉病的抗性相对较差。     

广东平远植物区系的研究

本文报道了广东平远县植物区系的组成及其特点。该区系种类丰富，计有野生维管植物１８２科，５８９属，１１５４种，其中有相当数量的古老珍稀濒危植物；区系的地理成分复杂，以热带一亚热带成分占优势。该区属古热带植物区的华南亚区。     

PGPR菌剂对辣椒的促生效应及根际土壤细菌的响应研究

研究田间条件下PGPR菌剂灌根对辣椒根际土壤细菌数量及群落结构的影响,为深入探究PGPR菌剂的田间促生机制提供理论依据。以4株PGPR菌株制成PGPR菌剂,对辣椒进行灌根,并采用Illumina-MiSeq平台对辣椒根际土壤细菌V3-V4区进行Paired-end测序,结合细菌及功能菌群数量、辣椒产量指标,比较分析菌剂灌根配施全量化肥(PGPR-CF1)、菌剂灌根配施80%化肥(PGPR-CF2)和全量化肥(CK)处理后对辣椒根际土壤细菌数量及群落结构特征的影响。结果表明:PGPR菌剂灌根后辣椒根际土壤细菌及包含固氮、解磷及解钾等功能菌群的数量显著提高,且物种丰度和多样性均高于对照,细菌优势度则表现为PGPR-CF1和CK组高于PGPR-CF2。所有土样共得到有效序列573 896条,在相似水平为97%下聚类分析得到OTUs数分别为2 153个(CK)、2 337个(PGPR-CF1)、2 358个(PGPR-CF2);各处理辣椒根际土壤中的优势门为酸杆菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门、绿弯菌门、浮霉菌门和变形菌门,相对丰度总占比分别为83.7%(PGPR-CF1)、79.55%(PGPR-CF2)和79.77%(CK)。PGPR菌剂灌根后增加了伯克霍尔德氏菌目、芽孢杆菌目、鞘脂单胞菌目等的相对丰度,降低了芽单胞菌目、酸杆菌目的相对丰度。Pearson指数表明,辣椒产量和单果重与根际土壤细菌多样性和丰度正相关。研究显示,PGPR菌剂处理,可以提高根际土壤细菌和功能菌群的数量,同时影响了物种多样性和群落结构,并促进了辣椒增产。     

小麦耐冷相关基因TaCTR的克隆及其表达特性分析

低温冷害是小麦生长发育过程中面临的重要非生物逆境因素。为了挖掘小麦耐冷功能基因,本研究采用同源克隆的方法从普通小麦品种小偃22中分离到一个耐冷相关基因TaCTR,该基因序列全长2 192 bp,含有12个外显子、11个内含子,编码区全长为1 407 bp,编码468个氨基酸,分子量约为53.43 kDa;系统进化树分析表明,该基因在进化关系上与山羊草最近;亚细胞定位结果显示,该基因编码的蛋白为膜蛋白;实时荧光定量PCR（RT-PCR）结果表明,TaCTR在不同品种、不同组织和不同发育阶段低温特异表达;在干旱、高盐及GA处理下,TaCTR的表达量显著上升,说明该基因可能参与调控小麦的抗逆反应。