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Zhongjun Jia Hiroyasu Kikuchi Takeshi Watanabe Susumu Asakawa Makoto Kimura 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):121-130
By using cultivation-independent techniques, community changes of methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) in rice bulk soils were
investigated under field conditions in a Japanese rice field. The representative soil samples were collected during the typical
rice growing season and nonrice growing period all year round. Statistical characterization of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis
(DGGE) community patterns of MOB pmoA/amoA functional gene fragments showed that MOB community structures in the rice bulk soils remained largely unchanged throughout
the investigated period. The total intensity of six common DGGE bands that appeared consistently throughout the investigated
period accounted for 64% of the total intensity of all 18 different DGGE bands detected. The low squared distance of the Ward
cluster analysis of the DGGE pattern and the high Sorensen similarity coefficient (81%) also implied the high similarity of
the MOB community structures. The stable MOB community structure did not couple well with the wide variation of soil water
contents all year round. Sequencing analysis of the nine characteristic bands including six common bands revealed the presence
of Type I, Type II methanotrophs, and β-proteobacterial ammonia oxidizers in rice bulk soils. In comparison with MOB type species, three DGGE bands showed a wide variation of the
highly conserved amino acid residues, implying the presence of novel MOB bacteria inhabiting the rice bulk soil. The high
diversity of MOB composition suggested that rice bulk soils might serve as an ideal reservoir for the dynamic changes of MOB
in a rice field ecosystem in response to environment changes. 相似文献
33.
High-throughput synthesis of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks and application to CO2 capture 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Banerjee R Phan A Wang B Knobler C Furukawa H O'Keeffe M Yaghi OM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5865):939-943
A high-throughput protocol was developed for the synthesis of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs). Twenty-five different ZIF crystals were synthesized from only 9600 microreactions of either zinc(II)/cobalt(II) and imidazolate/imidazolate-type linkers. All of the ZIF structures have tetrahedral frameworks: 10 of which have two different links (heterolinks), 16 of which are previously unobserved compositions and structures, and 5 of which have topologies as yet unobserved in zeolites. Members of a selection of these ZIFs (termed ZIF-68, ZIF-69, and ZIF-70) have high thermal stability (up to 390 degrees C) and chemical stability in refluxing organic and aqueous media. Their frameworks have high porosity (with surface areas up to 1970 square meters per gram), and they exhibit unusual selectivity for CO2 capture from CO2/CO mixtures and extraordinary capacity for storing CO2: 1 liter of ZIF-69 can hold approximately 83 liters of CO2 at 273 kelvin under ambient pressure. 相似文献
34.
Pneumonia in horses induced by intrapulmonary inoculation of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus
Yoshikawa H Yasu T Ueki H Oyamada T Oishi H Anzai T Oikawa M Yoshikawa T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(7):787-792
To evaluate the possibility that Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (S.z) the causative bacterial agent of equine shipping fever pneumonia (ESFP), as well as to investigate its pathogenesis, 10 horses (seven Thoroughbreds and three Anglo-Arab species, ranging from 2-4 years in age) were experimentally inoculated, via an endoscope, into bronchus of the lung lobe with a dose of 30 ml of 1-7 x 10(8) CFU/ml of S.z. After inoculation, autopsy and pathological examinations were sequentially conducted 30 min, 1, 2, 3, 4, 17, 20 hr and 2 weeks later. Pneumonia induced by the intrapulmonary inoculation of S.z was characterized by small purulent pneumonic foci in the inoculated areas. With the lapse of time, these foci developed into serous hemorrhagic pneumonia, hemorrhagic purulent pneumonia, and then purulent, coagulation necrotic pneumonia. These pathomorphological characteristics of experimental pneumonia closely resemble those naturally occurring ESFP. There is strong evidence that S.z. is implicated as a causal factor in ESFP. S.z. grew in the mucus, exudate, and pulmonary effusions. Further, the bacteria showed resistance against phagocytosis by pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) and neutrophils. Inhibition of PAM and neutrophil function is considered to be important in the development of pneumonia. With the progression of the disease, the neutrophils often adhered to the endothelial surface of the alveolar capillary lumen and played a role in generating coagulation necrosis of lung tissues. 相似文献
35.
Sawada Y Yanai T Nakagawa H Tsukamoto Y Yokoi S Yanagi M Toya T Sugizaki H Kato Y Shirakura H Watanabe T Yajima Y Kodama S Masui A 《Pest management science》2003,59(1):25-35
The N'-benzoyl group of N-tert-butyl-N'-benzoyl-3,5-dimethylbenzohydrazide (1) was converted to a series of benzoheterocyclecarbonyl groups in order to investigate the potential usefulness of superimposing a hydrazine insecticide on 20-hydroxyecdysone. A series of analogues with benzodioxole, benzodioxane, benzodioxapine, indole, benzoxazole, benzoxazine or benzothiazole instead of the phenyl group of (1) were synthesized and tested for their insecticidal activity against the common cutworm (Spodoptera litura F). N-tert-Butyl-N'-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-1,3-benzodioxole-5-carbohydrazide and N-tert-butyl-N'-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine-6-carbohydrazide showed high insecticidal activities, superior to that of (1) and equal to that of the commercial insecticide tebufenozide (RH-5992). 相似文献
36.
Sawada Y Yanai T Nakagawa H Tsukamoto Y Yokoi S Yanagi M Toya T Sugizaki H Kato Y Shirakura H Watanabe T Yajima Y Kodama S Masui A 《Pest management science》2003,59(1):36-48
A series of N'-benzoheterocyclecarbonyl-N-tert-butyl-3,5-dimethylbenzohydrazide analogues possessing a variety of substituents on the benzene rings of the benzoheterocyle moieties were synthesized and tested for their insecticidal activity. The introduction of a methyl group at the R1 position of the benzoheterocycle moiety strongly increased the insecticidal activity. Among the analogues synthesized, N'-tert-butyl-N'-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-5-methyl-6-chromanecarbohydrazide showed the highest insecticidal activity (LC50 = 0.89 mg litre(-1)). 相似文献
37.
Kei Kumakura Hiroyasu Kumakura Michiro Ogura Fumio Eguchi 《Journal of Wood Science》2008,54(6):502-508
We performed functional evaluation of the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum growing on ume trees (Japanese apricot, Prunus mume), and determined the suitability of pruned ume branches as a basic component of culture medium for this mushroom. We observed
that all tested functional activities of the fruiting bodies of G. lucidum collected from ume trees were higher than those collected from other broadleaf trees or cultured artificially; the functional
tests were angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity, a platelet aggregation inhibition test, and an interleukin-8
(IL-8) gene expression inhibition test. When extracts from fruiting bodies of G. lucidum were orally administered to spontaneous hypertensive rats, hypotensive effects were found. Freeze drying was the most suitable
procedure for preservation of the extracts, and the activities of 30% ethanol extracts and 30% methanol extracts were higher
than those of hot-water extracts. The highest functional activities for extracts from G. lucidum mycelia cultured on sawdust media were for sawdusts based on ume wood.
Part of this study was presented at the 56th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Akita, Japan, August 2006 相似文献
38.
Hiroyasu Yamaguchi Akemi Shimizu Yoshihiro Hase Konosuke Degi Atsushi Tanaka Toshikazu Morishita 《Euphytica》2009,165(1):97-103
We compared the effects of ion beam and gamma ray irradiation on mutation induction in axillary buds of chrysanthemum, and
analyzed the chimeric structure of the resulting mutants. Axillary buds were irradiated with carbon ions at 2 Gy (mean linear
energy transfer 122 keV/μm), helium ions at 10 Gy (mean 9 keV/μm), and gamma rays at 80 Gy, all of which have the similar
effects on survival. The lower five nodes of the shoots elongating from the irradiated buds were cut one by one, and new shoots
were allowed to grow from the axillary buds. This procedure was repeated twice, and flower color mutation was investigated.
Chimeric structure was analyzed by comparing the flower color of mutants to that of plants regenerated from the roots. Flower
color mutants emerged at a high frequency (17.4–28.8%), and there were no significant differences in the mutation frequency
between the treatments. All the flower color mutants induced with gamma rays were periclinal chimeras. In contrast, some mutants
obtained with ion beams had the same flower color as that of the plants derived from the roots. This suggests that they were
solid mutants, where both LI and LIII tissues were derived from the same mutated cell. Solid mutants were also obtained when
irradiated with 5 Gy of helium ions, which had less effect on survival and mutation than other treatments. Factors for obtaining
solid mutants only with ion beams are also discussed. 相似文献
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40.
Identification of tightly linked SSR markers for flower type in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)
Masafumi Yagi Toshiya Yamamoto Sachiko Isobe Satoshi Tabata Hideki Hirakawa Hiroyasu Yamaguchi Koji Tanase Takashi Onozaki 《Euphytica》2014,198(2):175-183
Single or double flower type is one of the most important breeding targets in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). We mapped the D 85 locus, which controls flower type, to LG 85P_15–2 using a simple sequence repeat (SSR)-based genetic linkage map constructed using 91 F2 progeny derived from a cross between line 85–11 (double flower) and ‘Pretty Favvare’ (single flower). A positional comparison using SSR markers as anchor loci revealed that the map positions of the D 85 locus corresponded to the single locus controlling the single flower type derived from wild D. capitatus ssp. andrzejowskianus. We identified four co-segregating SSR markers on the D 85 locus. Verification of the SSR markers in commercial cultivars revealed that two of the four SSR markers (CES0212 and CES1982) were tightly linked to the D 85 locus, and amplified a 176-bp and 269-bp allele, respectively, which were common and unique to double flower cultivars. The map positions of the D 85 locus and the tightly linked SSR markers will be useful for determining the genetic basis of flower type and for marker-assisted breeding of carnations. 相似文献