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31.
Aroma characteristics of stored tobacco cut leaves analyzed by a high vacuum distillation and canister system 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
An extraction method using a high vacuum distillation extraction apparatus coupled to a canister was newly developed for the analysis and sensory test of tobacco leaf volatiles. We extended the application of the canister that is used in environmental analysis, to the extraction of the aroma components in tobacco leaves. The volatile components with vapor pressures higher than 0.1 mmHg were easily evaporated under decompression and then trapped into the vacuumed canister. After the collection of volatiles, the canister was pressurized by a slow stream of inert gas in order to emit the whole aroma under a controlled flow. Applying a preconcentrator--gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and sensory test to the headspace gas components, the aroma alteration between 0 and 2 weeks of storage was simultaneously or individually evaluated. As a result, after the storage, alcohols such as 1-hexanol, linalool, and benzyl alcohol decreased significantly. The amount of carotenoid derivatives that have the characteristic tobacco leaf aroma had not changed. Sensory evaluation of the same headspace gas with that used for GC/MS demonstrated the alternation of the aroma quality before and after storage. The main changes were the decrease of greenness and smoothness in aroma and the decrease of ethylbenzene, 2-pentylfuran, 1-hexanol, benzaldehyde, and linalool concentrations. 相似文献
32.
Toshinori Takashi Hirotoshi Kohno Wataru Sakamoto Shigeru Miyashita Osamu Murata & Yoshifumi Sawada 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(12):1172-1179
Diel and ontogenetic changes in larval body density related to swim bladder volume were investigated in Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis, to determine the causality of larval mortality – adhesion to the water surface and contact with the tank bottom during seedling production. The density of larvae with deflated swim bladders increased with total length and days post hatch. Diel density change was observed after day 2 post hatch; owing to daytime deflation and night‐time inflation of the swim bladder, the density was relatively higher during the daytime. Increased swim bladder volumes clearly reduced larval density during the night‐time after day 9 post hatch. However, the density of larvae with inflated swim bladders was greater than rearing water density (Δρ>0.0099). The small density difference between larvae and rearing water (Δρ=0.0022?0.0100) until day 4 post hatch may have caused larval mortality by adhesion to the water surface because larvae can be easily transported to the water surface by aeration‐driven upwelling in rearing tanks. Density increased noticeably from day 5 to day 9 post hatch. The increased density difference (Δρ=0.0065?0.0209) in larvae and rearing water possibly induced mortality by contact with the tank bottom because larvae sink particularly during the night‐time on ceasing swimming. 相似文献