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11.
Recycling of rice straw to improve wheat yield and soil fertility and reduce atmospheric pollution 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Dr. Himanshu Pathak Ph.D. Ramandeep Singh M.Sc. Dr. Arti Bhatia Ph.D. Dr. Niveta Jain Ph.D. 《Paddy and Water Environment》2006,4(2):111-117
Burning of rice straw is a common practice in northwest India, where rice–wheat cropping system is extensively followed. The practice results in loss of nutrients, atmospheric pollution and emission of greenhouse gases. A field experiment was conducted at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India during the rabi season (November to April) of 2002–2003 to evaluate the efficacy of the various modes of rice straw recycling in soil in improving yield and soil fertility and reducing not only carbon dioxide emission but also nitrous oxide (N2O) emission. The treatment with no rice straw incorporation and application of recommended doses of fertilizer (120, 26 and 50 kg N, P and K ha−1, respectively), gave the highest yield of wheat. Treatments with the incorporation of rice straw at 5 Mg ha−1 with additional amount of inorganic N (60 kg N ha−1) or inoculation of microbial culture had similar grain yields to that of the treatment with no straw incorporation. The lowest yield was recorded in the plots where rice straw was incorporated in soil without additional inorganic N and with manure application. All the treatments with rice straw incorporation had larger soil organic C despite the effect on the mineralisation of soil organic matter. Emission of N2O was more when additional N was added with rice straw and secondary when straw was added to the soil because of higher microbial activity. The study showed that burning of rice straw could be avoided without affecting yield of wheat crop by incorporating rice straw in soil with an additional dose of inorganic N or microbial inoculation. However, the reduction of N2O emission due to avoiding burning is in part counterbalanced by an increase in emission during the subsequent wheat cultivation. 相似文献
12.
The present study was conducted to study the antibiotic resistance pattern among nontyphoidal Salmonella isolated from human, animal and meat. A total of 37 Salmonella strains isolated from clinical cases (human and animal) and meat during 2008–2009 belonging to 12 serovars were screened
for their antimicrobial resistance pattern using 25 antimicrobial agents falling under 12 different antibiotic classes. All
the Salmonella isolates tested showed multiple drug resistance varying from 5.40% to 100% with 16 of the 25 antibiotics tested. None of
the isolates were sensitive to erythromycin and metronidazole. Resistance was also observed against clindamycin (94.59%),
ampicillin (86.49%), co-trimoxazole (48.65%), colistin (45.94%), nalidixic acid (35.10%), amoxyclave (18.90%), cephalexin,
meropenem, tobramycin, nitrofurantoin, tetracycline, amoxicillin (8.10% each), sparfloxacin and streptomycin (5.40% each).
Isolates from clinical cases of animals were resistant to as many as 16 antibiotics, whereas isolates from human clinical
cases and meat were resistant to 9 and 14 antibiotics, respectively. Overall, 19 resistotypes were recorded. Analysis of multiple
antibiotic resistance index (MARI) indicated that clinical isolates from animals had higher MARI (0.25) as compared to isolates
from food (0.22) and human (0.21). Among the different serotypes studied for antibiogram, Paratyhi B isolates, showed resistance
to three to 13 antibiotics, whereas Typhimurium strains were resistant to four to seven antibiotics. Widespread multidrug
resistance among the isolates from human, animal and meat was observed. Some of the uncommon serotypes exhibited higher resistance
rate. Considerable changes in the resistance pattern were also noted. An interesting finding was the reemergence of sensitivity
to some of the old antibiotics (chloromphenicol, tetracycline). 相似文献
13.
Himanshu Priyadarshi Rekha Das Satya Prakash Atom Arun Singh Arun Bhai Patel Pramod Kumar Pandey 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2017,29(3-4):233-244
The present study describes a simple, portable, and inexpensive in-pond hatchery model assembled from locally available materials for seed production of small and medium-sized carp at high efficiency. This light-weight hatchery requires minimal engineering skills for assembly and operation. Further, the hatchery water supply mechanism has built-in components to filter out sediments and zooplankton from the pond water besides maintaining the water temperature 5°C–7°C lower than the pond surface water by drawing water from a metalimnion layer without additional energy requirements. Spontaneous spawning, automatic transfer of eggs to the incubation tank, and 80% hatching rates at an egg-holding capacity of 2,000 eggs/L was recorded for Barbonymus gonionotus, Labeo bata, and Labeo rohita with minimal human intervention. The production capacity of 0.06 million fry per cycle and estimated benefit-cost ratio of 2.48 demonstrated the high efficiency and economic feasibility of this portable hatchery. 相似文献
14.
Sati Himanshu Chokshi Kaumeel Soundarya Rajapitamahuni Ghosh Arup Mishra Sandhya 《Aquaculture International》2021,29(3):963-975
Aquaculture International - The main aim of the present study was to determine the effects of a seaweed-based biostimulant’s supplementation on the growth of Chlorella variabilis. A liquid... 相似文献
15.
Himanshu Priyadarshi Rekha Das Atom Arun Singh Arun Bhai Patel Pramod Kumar Pandey 《Aquaculture Research》2021,52(1):51-64
A major challenge in Clariid catfish seed production is our inability to induce voluntary captive spawning of the brooders. Since voluntary captive spawning had been previously elicited in a Clarias species by simulating natural breeding environment, we speculated that the major obstacle in voluntary spawning might be the absence of an inducing agent that triggers mating response in the brooders. To address the issue, oxytocin was injected to the brooders along with Ovatide (a commercial inducing agent comprising salmon gonadotropin‐releasing hormone analogue and domperidone). Administration of 40 mIU/kg body weight of oxytocin after 12 hr of Ovatide injection resulted in voluntary spawning of the fish (81.5%, i.e. 31 out of 38 trials), with more than 70% hatching rate in simple and low‐cost spawning facilities. Histology of male gonads indicated sustained gamete maturation and the gonads were observed to be visibly turgid in the fish that received both the hormones. In contrast, gamete maturation slackened after 10 hr in the control fish, injected with Ovatide only. Administration of oxytocin along with Ovatide was also observed to induce aggressive sexual behaviour among the males. Neither of the hormones, acting alone, could induce voluntary spawning in the fish or influence sexual behaviour. Our results clearly show that oxytocin plays a significant role in sustaining the male gamete maturation induced by Ovatide and trigger the behavioural mating response, leading to voluntary spawning in C. magur. The results hold potential to make a paradigm shift in the commercial catfish seed production technology. 相似文献
16.
Kumar S Sahu NP Pal AK Subramanian S Priyadarshi H Kumar V 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2011,37(4):1005-1019
The amelioration effect of high dietary protein against stress was evaluated in Labeo rohita fingerlings, exposed to heat shock. Two hundred and forty fingerlings (6.57 ± 0.04 g, average weight ± SE) were randomly
distributed into 4 treatment groups, each with 4 replicates was fed with either of four diets containing different levels
of protein (20, 30, 40 or 45%). Water temperatures of all the treatments were within the range of 25.5–26.5°C throughout the
experimental period of 30 days. After 30 days of feeding, fish were given heat shock by exposing to 38°C for 2 h. Heat shock
significantly decreased (P < 0.05) liver glycogen content in treatment groups fed with 20 and 30% dietary protein, whereas unaffected in the 40 and
45% protein-fed groups. Heat shock significantly increased (P < 0.05) serum glucose and cortisol level in all the treatments. The 40 and 45% dietary protein–fed groups registered significantly
higher survival (%) after the heat shock compared with their lower-protein counterparts. Heat shock increased the glycolytic,
gluconeogenic, protein metabolic and antioxidative enzymes to cope up with thermal stress. Our results indicate that high-protein
diet (≥40%) combats the stress due to heat shock in Labeo rohita. 相似文献