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11.
Truong VD Clare DA Catignani GL Swaisgood HE 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(5):1170-1176
Modification of the functionality of whey proteins using microbial transglutaminase (TGase) has been the subject of recent studies. However, changes in rheological properties of whey proteins as affected by extensive cross-linking with TGase are not well studied. The factors affecting cross-linking of whey protein isolate (WPI) using both soluble and immobilized TGase were examined, and the rheological properties of the modified proteins were characterized. The enzyme was immobilized on aminopropyl glass beads (CPG-3000) by selective adsorption of the biotinylated enzyme on avidin that had been previously immobilized. WPI (4 and 8% w/w) in deionized water, pH 7.5, containing 10 mM dithiothreitol was cross-linked using enzyme/substrate ratios of 0.12-10 units of activity/g WPI. The reaction was carried out in a jacketed bioreactor for 8 h at 40 degrees C with continuous circulation. The gel point temperature of WPI solutions treated with 0.12 unit of immobilized TGase/g was slightly decreased, but the gel strength was unaffected. However, increasing the enzyme/substrate ratio resulted in extensive cross-linking of WPI that was manifested by increases in apparent viscosity and changes in the gelation properties. For example, using 10 units of soluble TGase/g resulted in extensive cross-linking of alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin in WPI, as evidenced by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting results. Interestingly, the gelling point of WPI solutions increased from 68 to 94 degrees C after a 4-h reaction, and the gel strength was drastically decreased (lower storage modulus, G'). Thus, extensive intra- and interchain cross-linking probably caused formation of polymers that were too large for effective network development. These results suggest that a process could be developed to produce heat-stable whey proteins for various food applications. 相似文献
12.
Tho Nguyen Thi Thuy Hieu Tran 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2019,50(9):1170-1177
This paper examined the contribution of various soil components to pH buffering capacity (pHBC) of haplic Acrisols in an upland area of Southeastern Vietnam. Sampling was conducted in 2016 in Tan Bien district, Tay Ninh province at seven sites from the surface to 60-cm depth. Soils were very acidic (pHH2O 4.53 ± 0.05). The pHBC were very low, 0.46 ± 0.04 and 0.44 ± 0.05 cmol H+ kg?1 pH?1, respectively, for original samples and those from which soil organic carbon (SOC, 0.52 ± 0.09%) were removed. The contribution of Al3+ to pHBC was remarkable while that of SOC was of little significance. The contribution of clay minerals to pHBC was unclear due to the low (9.37 ± 0.76%) and kaolinite-dominated clay content. The current soil conditions indicated a potential for further soil acidification. Liming would be one of the measures to remediate soil acidity in the research area. 相似文献
13.
Paddy and Water Environment - In recent years, Mekong Delta of Vietnam is severely affected by salinity intrusion and water scarcity due to climate variability. In this study, a comprehensive... 相似文献
14.
Paddy and Water Environment - This work evaluates the impacts of climate change on water use-demand of three rice planting crops including winter–spring (WS), summer–autumn (SA) and... 相似文献
15.
Hideki Endo Masataka Yoshida Truong Son Nguyen Yuki Akiba Masahiro Takeda Kohei Kudo 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2019,48(1):3-11
Semiaquatic walking has resulted in the evolution of functional and morphological changes in various hoofed mammals, such as hippopotamus and Brazilian tapir. The biomechanics of skilful walking in wetlands or at the bottom of a waterbody involve the medio‐lateral opening and closing of the feet to effectively support and stabilize the body on soft ground and to reduce the water resistance during recovery stroke, respectively. We demonstrate that the opening and closing of the feet in hippopotamus and Brazilian tapir are mediated by the adduction and abduction of the most medial and lateral phalanges from the CT examination. The axial toes, metacarpals and metatarsals do not contribute to changes in the width and shape of the feet, unlike the medial and lateral toes. We suggest that this semiaquatic walking motion is derived from the original terrestrial mode of locomotion, in contrast to the highly functional swimming motion using webs or fins in morphologically modified feet and tail. From the present data we demonstrate that semiaquatic locomotion evolved due to the acquisition of adductor–abductor mobility in the phalanges of the most medial and lateral digits, as shown in hippopotamus and Brazilian tapir. 相似文献
16.
Christian?Jeudy Marielle?Adrian Christophe?Baussard Céline?Bernard Eric?Bernaud Virginie?Bourion Hughes?Busset Lloren??Cabrera-Bosquet Frédéric?Cointault Simeng?Han Mickael?Lamboeuf Delphine?Moreau Barbara?Pivato Marion?Prudent Sophie?Trouvelot Hoai?Nam?Truong Vanessa?Vernoud Anne-Sophie?Voisin Daniel?Wipf Christophe?SalonEmail author 《Plant methods》2016,12(1):31
Background
In order to maintain high yields while saving water and preserving non-renewable resources and thus limiting the use of chemical fertilizer, it is crucial to select plants with more efficient root systems. This could be achieved through an optimization of both root architecture and root uptake ability and/or through the improvement of positive plant interactions with microorganisms in the rhizosphere. The development of devices suitable for high-throughput phenotyping of root structures remains a major bottleneck.Results
Rhizotrons suitable for plant growth in controlled conditions and non-invasive image acquisition of plant shoot and root systems (RhizoTubes) are described. These RhizoTubes allow growing one to six plants simultaneously, having a maximum height of 1.1 m, up to 8 weeks, depending on plant species. Both shoot and root compartment can be imaged automatically and non-destructively throughout the experiment thanks to an imaging cabin (RhizoCab). RhizoCab contains robots and imaging equipment for obtaining high-resolution pictures of plant roots. Using this versatile experimental setup, we illustrate how some morphometric root traits can be determined for various species including model (Medicago truncatula), crops (Pisum sativum, Brassica napus, Vitis vinifera, Triticum aestivum) and weed (Vulpia myuros) species grown under non-limiting conditions or submitted to various abiotic and biotic constraints. The measurement of the root phenotypic traits using this system was compared to that obtained using “classic” growth conditions in pots.Conclusions
This integrated system, to include 1200 Rhizotubes, will allow high-throughput phenotyping of plant shoots and roots under various abiotic and biotic environmental conditions. Our system allows an easy visualization or extraction of roots and measurement of root traits for high-throughput or kinetic analyses. The utility of this system for studying root system architecture will greatly facilitate the identification of genetic and environmental determinants of key root traits involved in crop responses to stresses, including interactions with soil microorganisms.17.
Nguyen Phuoc Vinh Cheng Ting Huang Yao Jen Hsiao Truong Khac Hieu Li Hsueh Chen 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(7):2985-2996
Artemia culture in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, is becoming more and more important to satisfy the global demands of cyst production. Nevertheless, Artemia cyst productivity in the Mekong Delta has been fluctuating largely due to not only technical inefficiencies and external factors but also farms’ characteristics. This study employed a data envelopment analysis to evaluate the production efficiencies in correlation with biological and cost inputs of Artemia culture in Vinh Chau and Bac Lieu located in the Mekong Delta. The key factors affecting technical efficiency (TE) were determined using ordinary least squares regression model. The empirical results indicated that production efficiencies of farms in Vinh Chau and Bac Lieu were similar with metatechnology ratios of 0.97 and 0.96 respectively. About 62.8% of surveyed farms were operating in technically inefficient circumstances. Farmers’ experience, educational level and culture technique training participation had positive effects on TE, while climate effects and water problems have been proved to have negative effects on TE. To improve production efficiency, inefficient farms are suggested to have moderately increasing combinations of organic fertilizer, chemical and feed. The use of probiotics should be reduced as it increases production cost and affects TE. Notably, a collaboration of scientists and feed processing companies is recommended to produce a specific formulated feed for Artemia in commercial scales. This study also proposes adaptive policies for local governments and cooperatives to assist coastal famers in the Mekong Delta overcome technical inefficiencies, improve cyst productivity and obtain economic sustainability in Artemia culture. 相似文献
18.
Truong‐Giang Huynh Shao‐Yang Hu Chiu‐Shia Chiu Quoc‐Phu Truong Chun‐Hung Liu 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(3):807-817
The aims of this study were to unravel the intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei after being fed a diet without (control) or with the synbiotic (SYN) for 60 days using next‐generation sequencing technology to see if changes in the intestinal microbiota were involved in the improved growth performance and health status of the shrimp. Next‐generation sequencing data showed that six phyla, 11 classes, 19 orders, 30 families, 58 genera and 73 species with taxonomic names assigned were detected. The majority of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was shared between the SYN and control shrimp and comprised 37 OTUs. However, intestinal biodiversity analyses revealed that SYN‐fed shrimp had a higher species richness, evenness and Shannon–Weaver index than did shrimp fed the control diet, but without reaching statistical significance. Interestingly, shrimp fed the SYN diet exhibited improved colonization of Lactobacillus plantarum and reduced prevalences of Vibrio harveyi and Photobacterium damselae in the intestines. These findings indicate that the SYN was able to modulate the intestinal bacterial community of shrimp and could be used to control vibriosis in shrimp. 相似文献
19.
Replacement of squid and krill meal by snail meal (Buccinum striatissimum) in practical diets for juvenile of kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus)
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Amina S Moss Shunsuke Koshio Manabu Ishikawa Saichiro Yokoyama Truong H Nhu Mahmoud A O Dawood Weilong Wang 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(9):3097-3106
A 60‐day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of substituting squid and krill meal with marine snails (Buccinum striatissimum) into the diets of juvenile kuruma shrimps (Marsupenaeus japonicus). Five experimental diets were formulated to contain varying levels of snail meal at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% (D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5, respectively) and fed to juvenile kuruma shrimps (initial mean weight 0.27 ± 0.02 g). The results showed that weight gain, feed intake and specific growth rate were improved significantly in D4 and D5 groups when compared with D1 group (p < 0.05). Significant differences were not detected in survival rate among all shrimps fed diets containing several levels of snail meal (p > 0.05). Crude protein content of shrimps fed the control diet was significantly lower than other treatments (p < 0.05). Lipid content in shrimps fed 50% snail meal were significantly higher than the control while cholesterol content in shrimps fed 100% snail meal were significantly decreased and polyunsaturated fatty acid contents were significantly increased in shrimps fed 75%–100% snail meal (p < 0.05). These results suggest that supplementing snail meal for complete replacement of squid and krill meal can be done to improve juvenile kuruma shrimps’ growth and reducing their cholesterol levels. 相似文献
20.
Toxicity of Lavandula angustifolia oil constituents and spray formulations to insecticide‐susceptible and pyrethroid‐resistant Plutella xylostella and its endoparasitoid Cotesia glomerata
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