Genomic footprints of wheat evolution in China reflected by a Wheat660K SNP array

Common wheat(Triticum aestiuum L.)is one of the most important crops because it provides about 20%of the total calories for humans.T.aestiuum is an excellent modern species for studying concerted evolution of sub-genomes in polyploid species,because of its large chromosome size and three well-known genome donors.Establishment of common wheat genome reference sequence and development of high-density SNP chips provide an excellent foundation to answer questions of wheat evolution and breeding at the genomic level.By genotyping more than 600 accessions of common wheat and their diploid and tetraploid ancestors using a Wheat660 K SNP array,we found dramatic genome changes due to tetraploidization and hexaploidization,in contrast to weaker influences of domestication and breeding on them.Further,since common wheat was introduced in China in 1500 BCE,Chinese landraces formed two subgroups(T.aestiuum-L1 and T.aestiuum-L2)with considerably diverse geographic distributions and agronomic traits.T.aestiuum-L2,mainly distributed in central and east China is found to have more but smaller oval grains with early maturity characteristics.We found that variation and selection in intergenic regions of the A and B sub-genomes dominated this differentiation,in which chromosomes 7 A and 3 B took the leading roles due to the existence of putative genes related to defense responses and environmental adaption in the highly differentiated regions.Large haplotype blocks were detected on 3 B(232.6-398.3 Mb)and 7 A(211.7-272.9 Mb)in the landraces,forming two distinct haplotypes,respectively.We discovered that artificial crosses in breeding promoted recombination in the whole genome,however,this recombination and differentiation was highly asymmetric among the three sub-genomes in homoeologous regions.In addition,we found that the wide use of European and northern American cultivars in breeding at early era,led dramatic changes in Chinese wheat genome,whereas,the recent breeding functioned to optimize it.This study will provide the insight for reconsideration of wheat evolution and breeding,and a new strategy for parent selection in breeding.     

硅对NaCl胁迫下垂穗披碱草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以采自高寒草甸的野生垂穗披碱草(Elymusnutans)种子为材料,采用培养皿发芽法研究了不同浓度NaCl(0、40、60、80 mmol/L)胁迫下,添加不同浓度硅元素(0、1.5、2.0、2.5 mmol/L)对垂穗披碱草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:单独NaCl胁迫明显抑制垂穗披碱草种子萌发和幼苗生长,而...     

全圆旋转摇臂式喷头的非圆形域喷洒

喷头的射程及其变化规律决定喷洒域的大小和形状,而喷嘴前的水流压力和喷嘴直径则是影响喷头射程的主要因素。在分析喷嘴前水流压力与喷头出流量关系、喷头射程与喷头出水流量之间的关系的基础上,提出了在喷头座的下端增加一个流量调节附加装置可实现全圆旋转摇臂式喷头的非圆形域喷洒方案。采用具有“十”字孔结构的流量调节器,十字孔的宽度为πd嘴/4,长度为5πd嘴/8,可实现方形喷洒。     

不同城建绿地内PM2.5浓度季节变化及其与气象因子的关系

以杭州市临安区4种不同类型的城建绿地(居住区绿地、商业绿地、公共服务设施绿地和广场绿地)为研究对象,在2017年3月-2018年2月,采用实地测量法对绿地内的PM2.5浓度及气象因子(温度、相对湿度和风速)进行监测,研究城建绿地内PM2.5浓度的时空变化规律及其与气象因子的关系.结果表明,不同绿地的PM2.5浓度季节变...     

吴起县沙棘林分配置模式

本文针对吴起县现有沙棘林的生长和经营情况,对沙棘种植的不同立地类型提出了沙棘林分配置的模式,包括整地的方法、种植密度、种植季节和抚育管理等,为吴起沙棘资源建设提供技术支撑,也为沙棘的开发利用提供资源保障。     

天津市蔬菜生产基地保鲜技术设施发展现状与建议

蔬菜作为鲜活农产品,在贮运过程中易发生变质腐烂现象,损耗严重。本文通过调研了解掌握天津市蔬菜生产基地保鲜技术设施发展现状,针对天津市蔬菜生产基地保鲜技术设施存在的问题,提出天津市蔬菜生产基地保鲜技术设施发展建议,以期为我市蔬菜生产基地保鲜技术设施发展提供参考。     

实时荧光定量PCR技术的概述及应用

实时荧光定量PCR技术是在传统PCR技术上发展而来的,不仅能判断某一基因的有无,而且还能对其进行定量分析。由于该技术与常规PCR相比,能够进行实时监测、且自动化程度高而被广大研究者青睐。本文对实时荧光定量PCR的原理、数据分析、定量方法、分类以及应用进行了系统而详细地综述。     

我国玉米生产现状及发展变革

近年来,随着农业供给侧结构性改革的实施,玉米价格回落,玉米生产出现了高生产、高库存、效益低、卖粮难等突出问题,农民种植积极性受挫,玉米生产面临变革。未来玉米产业如何定位、如何发展,种植面积调减只是第一步,更为重要的是对玉米生产各环节的优化和升级。通过梳理我国当前玉米生产、消费和需求现状,从农业种植结构、劳动力结构变化、生产经营方式、品种创新、质量安全、生产潜力提高等方面进行了分析研究,提出了优化产业结构、稳定玉米生产,适应劳动力变化、加快土地集中耕种、提高种植效益,加快玉米品种原始创新、培育多元优质高效型品种,多措并举、提高玉米安全质量,种养结合、培肥地力、持续提高玉米生产潜力等具体措施。最终实现多元、优质、高产、高效及生态、智慧、可持续的玉米生产现代化。     

杏褪绿卷叶植原体新疆分离物可视化LAMP检测方法的建立

为新疆杏褪绿卷叶病的田间快速诊断和检测提供新方法,根据杏褪绿卷叶植原体新疆分离物tuf基因保守序列,设计并筛选出1套特异性环介导等温扩增(LAMP)引物,通过对反应体系中主要影响因素的优化,建立适用于快速检测杏褪绿卷叶植原体的LAMP检测方法。结果表明:建立的LAMP检测方法能特异性地检测出杏褪绿卷叶植原体,检测灵敏度是普通PCR的100倍,且可通过肉眼观察直接对反应结果进行判定。     

西安特色农产品品牌塑造发展现状与对策分析

西安需加大改革创新力度发展现代化农业体系,加大力度塑造特色农产品品牌,以促进西安农业现代化发展。为西安特色农产品品牌塑造提供参考,基于对西安特色农产品品牌塑造价值及品牌发展现状、面临困境的分析,提出加强特色农产品品牌发展战略规划、构建多元主体的特色农产品品牌塑造体系、组建专业化的特色农产品品牌营销团队等方面的品牌塑造对策。