Forstmeteorologische Messungen in einem Eichenbestand

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Die Wirkung neuartiger insektizider Mittel auf Regenwürmer

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Der vegetabilische und animalische Nahrungsbereich des Hamsters (Cricetus cricetus L.)

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Die Neugestaltung der Forstwissenschaft in der Ostmark im Geiste des Nationalsozialismus

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Untersuchungen zur ökologischen situation ostdeutscher landwirtschaftsbetriebe

Repräsentative ostdeutsche Landwirtschaftsbetriebe sind hinsichtlich ihrer Umweltverträglichkeit bewertet worden. Dazu diente eine Methode, die für ca. 30 relevante Umwelt‐Gefährdungspotentiale aus den Bereichen Düngung, Bodenschutz, Pflanzenschutzmitteleinsatz, Agrarraumgestaltung, Artendiversität, Energiebilanz und Tierbesatz kritische Umweltbelastungen formuliert und damit aktuelle Betriebsdaten wertend vergleicht.

Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine sehr differenzierte Situation. Während Stoffbelastungen mit Konsequenzen für die Nahrungsqualität weitgehend unkritisch sind, bestehen Defizite vor allem als “Altlasten”; in den Bereichen Bodenschutz und Agrarraumgestaltung.

Beziehungen zwischen Intensität und Umweltverträglichkeitsbewertung werden diskutiert.     

Major Extractable Organic Compounds in the Biologically Degradable Fraction of Fresh,Composted and Anaerobically Digested Household Waste

The recirculation of plant nutrients from urban areas to agriculture and horticulture and a need to reduce waste disposal by landfilling and incineration are the main reasons for recycling the biologically degradable fraction of household waste. However, before using the recycled material in agricultural and horticultural production it is necessary to make sure that the material does not contain any unwanted contaminants. In general, there is a lack of knowledge about organic contaminants in the degradable fraction of household waste and its compost and anaerobic digestion products. As a first step in a study of organic contaminants in household waste, and as part of the characterization of the degradation processes during composting and anaerobic digestion, the major extractable organic compounds were identified in the biologically degradable fraction of fresh, composted and anaerobically digested household waste. The organic compounds were isolated by supercritical fluid extraction using carbon dioxide as extraction medium. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for qualitative analyses. Natural products, such as fatty acids, fatty acid esters, n-alkanes, aliphatic alcohols, monoterpenes and triterpenes constituted the major organic components in the waste samples. In addition bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, frequently used as a plasticizer in polymers, was found in the extracts. In the chromatograms of the extracts of the fresh and composted household waste, fatty acids and fatty acid esters dominated with respect to peak heights and the number of peaks identified. In the anaerobically digested household waste n-alkanes were the dominating compound class. The pattern of the n-alkanes, also found in the fresh waste, possibly indicates a petrogenic origin of these compounds, perhaps caused by contamination during the collection of the household waste.