陆地棉盐胁迫应答基因GhWRKY41的克隆与分析

为研究转录因子GhWRKY41在陆地棉盐胁迫应答过程中的作用,基于差减文库分析结果,利用RT-PCR和RACE技术,克隆了GhWRKY41基因(GenBank登录号为HM002635)。该基因cDNA长度为1 630bp,含有ORF(Open reading frame)为1 068bp,编码355个氨基酸的多肽,包含2个内含子。通过瞬时表达分析亚细胞定位,结果表明,转录因子GhWRKY41定位于细胞核,符合转录因子特性。转基因株系发芽试验结果表明,过量表达GhWRKY41基因,可显著提高转基因棉花在干旱、盐和低温胁迫下的发芽率;利用Real-time PCR技术,证明在盐和干旱胁迫条件下,转基因株系中GhWRKY41基因的表达量显著上升。GhWRKY41基因在根、茎和叶片中表达存在差异,根系中胁迫6h上调达到最高,茎中则胁迫48h达到最高,而叶片中仅6和24h上调表达。进一步比较转基因棉花与野生型棉花的纤维品质性状,结果表明GhWRKY41的过表达可以提高转基因棉花的衣分。因此,GhWRKY41参与了棉花响应盐和干旱胁迫应答过程,且过表达可提高转基因棉花耐盐性和耐旱性。     

dGFP-GUS基因标记新疆棉花黄萎病原菌的研究

[目的]研究棉花黄萎病原菌的入侵机理.[方法]以带有潮霉素抗性筛选基因的PUCCATPH载体以及pCAMBIA1304载体作为骨架,构建trpc启动子驱动的GFP-GUS基因的新疆棉花黄萎病菌表达载体1304-P-ORF,导入农杆菌GV3101和AGL-1中.通过农杆菌介导(ATMT)法分别转入新疆棉花黄萎病原菌VD-1和VD-278中,对表达效果进行检测.[结果]筛选的潮霉素B浓度为30 μg/mL,农杆菌AGL-1对黄萎病菌的转化效率比GV3101高40;.T0代经含有潮霉素B的PDA培养基筛选,获得了T1代转基因大丽轮枝菌VD-12株,VD-2 784株.通过GUS组织染色,在转基因VD-1和VD-278的菌丝和孢子中均可观察到GUS基因的表达.对转基因黄萎菌进行PCR分子检测,均可检测到GFP和潮霉索B基因.GUS-GFP和潮霉素B基因已成功转入新疆棉花黄萎菌VD-1和VD-278中.[结论]建立了新疆棉花黄萎菌的遗传转化体系,为进一步利用GFP-GUS基因研究新疆棉花黄萎菌对棉花侵染的过程奠定基础.     

萎凋光照强度对鲜叶物理特性及呼吸特性影响的研究

设3 000、6 000、9 000 lx等3个光强梯度,研究了萎凋光照强度对萎凋叶含水率、容重、柔软性、弹性、塑性、色差等物理特性,以及呼吸特性的影响,并对后续加工叶的物理特性进行了测定。结果表明,随着萎凋进程中鲜叶含水率的逐渐下降,鲜叶容重、柔软性呈先升后降的趋势,在萎凋适度范围内（含水率60%~65%）,以6 000 lx处理最高;弹性呈先下降后增加的趋势,不同处理间以6 000 lx处理的弹性相对较高,塑性变化规律与之相反;色差明亮度L值总体呈下降趋势,红绿度a值呈先下降后增加的趋势,以6 000 lx处理下a值最小,即保绿特性最好,感官审评结果也表明6 000 lx处理的干茶样汤色和外形得分最高,品质最优;CO₂释放量总体呈先下降后增加再平稳的变化趋势,3个处理均在萎凋6 h时出现拐点,以6 000 lx处理的释放量最大。     

双季杂交晚粳稻超高产形成特征

本研究旨在明确传统双季晚籼稻地区双季杂交晚粳稻超高产产量构成及其群体特征,阐明双季杂交晚粳稻超高产形成规律。以江西省上高县6.77 hm²连片双季杂交晚粳稻高产攻关示范方为依托,选用杂交粳稻甬优8号为材料,对中产(8.25~9.75 t hm^-2)、高产(9.75~10.50 t hm^-2)和超高产(>10.50 t hm^-2) 3个产量水平群体的产量构成及群体特征进行系统比较研究。结果表明,与中产、高产水平群体相比,超高产水平群体表现穗数足、穗型大、群体颖花量多(50 000×10⁴ hm⁻²以上)的显著特点,但结实率和千粒重略低,差异不显著;群体茎蘖动态上,群体起点较高,可及时够苗;够苗后增长平缓,高峰苗数量较少、下降平缓,成穗率高(78.0%左右)。群体叶面积指数前期增长较缓,最大值出现在孕穗期,为8.0左右,此后下降缓慢,成熟期仍保持3.5以上;群体光合势生育前期较小,中、后期较大,抽穗至成熟期光合势为300×10⁴ m² d hm⁻²以上,总光合势为560×10⁴ m² d hm⁻²以上。拔节前干物质量积累速度较慢,拔节后积累速度较快,至抽穗期群体生物量为10.5 t hm⁻²左右,抽穗后积累量亦高,成熟期干物重达19.0 t hm⁻²左右,后期茎鞘物质转运率大于14.0%。超高产群体根量多、活力较强;植株吸氮能力强、成熟期氮素累积量高,氮素利用率40%以上。根据双季杂交晚粳稻超高产形成特征,我们探讨了培育双季晚粳稻超高产群体的关键栽培技术。     

新疆自育陆地棉品种SSR遗传多样性分析

利用SSR标记对94份新疆自育陆地棉品种的基因组进行分析,研究新疆陆地棉品种的遗传多样性。结果: 从分布于棉花全基因组的206对SSR标记中筛选出54对具有稳定多态性的引物, 共检测出153个多态性位点, 每对引物的等位变异为2~6个,平均为2.93个;基因型多样性(H′)变幅为0.0439–0.7149,平均为0.4491;引物多态信息含量(PIC)为0.0430–0.6640,平均为0.3831。表明SSR标记在品种间可以反映较丰富的遗传多样性信息。94份品种间成对遗传相似系数变幅为0.3846~0.9835, 71.9%的品种相似系数在0.601~0.800内,反映出新疆陆地棉品种间的遗传相似性相对较高。根据UPGMA 聚类分析,在阈值为0.63时,将94份品种划分为2个类群,说明新疆陆地棉品种间遗传关系相对简单,品种的遗传基础相对狭窄,品种遗传组分差异较小,总体上遗传多样性不够丰富;分子聚类结果与品种本身遗传系谱背景和演变趋势吻合度较高,符合品种的真实特性。研究证明,自育品种在分子水平上差异不大,需要努力拓宽品种选育的遗传基础。     

杭州综合医院PM2.5浓度变化规律研究

对杭州市解放军117医院、浙江医院、邵逸夫医院和浙江省人民医院4所综合医院PM_2.5浓度进行测定,分析其PM_2.5污染水平、日变化规律、与植物群落、温度、湿度及其和PM₁₀之间的关系,进一步测定和分析医院室内和室外PM_2.5的污染水平及相关关系。结果表明:4所综合医院PM_2.5污染水平较低;日变化呈“双峰单谷”型;PM_2.5与植物群落层次无直接关系,但绿地中的PM_2.5颗粒物含量明显低于空地;PM_2.5与温度呈负相关关系与空气湿度呈正相关关系;PM_2.5/PM₁₀为0.44~0.59之间;医院病房内PM_2.5浓度较之室外要低,能达到美国PM_2.5控制标准,且室内外PM_2.5之间存在着一定的相关性。     

有机无机肥配施对棉花养分吸收及氮素效率的影响

新疆棉花连作田间小区试验,研究有机无机肥不同方式配施对棉花干物质积累、养分吸收、产量及氮素利用效率的影响。结果表明,有机无机肥配施在棉花生长中后期可以显著提高干物质累积及养分吸收量,与单施化肥处理相比,不同有机无机肥配施可以保持或提高棉花产量,提高棉花单株铃数和单铃重;有机无机肥配施还可以提高棉花氮素效率,氮素回收率可达到28．2％～57．7％,偏生产率提高了17．1％～76．3％。有机无机肥配施不仅可以使棉花稳产、高产,而且提高了氮肥利用效率,该结论可为肥料的科学合理施用提供重要依据。     

Effect of imatinib on myocardial fibrosis in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats

AIM: To investigate the effects of imatinib (IMA), one of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) inhibitors, on myocardial fibrosis in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats. METHODS: Sixty male uninephrectomized SD rats were treated with 1% NaCl and 0.2% KCl in the drinking water for 4 weeks and assigned to 3 groups: vehicle control group (control group), DOCA treatment group (DOCA group), DOCA and IMA treatment group (DOCA+IMA group). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured using the tail-cuff method. Myocardial tissue inflammation was analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Collagen volume fraction (CVF) and perivascular collagen area (PVCA) were analyzed by Sirius red staining. Ectodermal dysplasia-1 (ED-1) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Expression levels of platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF-A and PDGF-C), PDGF receptor α (PDGFRα) and phosphorylated PDGFRα (p-PDGFRα) were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS: SBP in DOCA group and DOCA+IMA group were signficantly higher than that in control group. No significant difference of SBP between DOCA group and DOCA+IM group was observed. In DOCA group, severe myocardial fibrosis was found, and CVF and PVCA were higher than those in control group. The differences of the CVF and PVCA between DOCA+IMA group and control group were detected, but the CVF and PVCA in DOCA+IMA group were significantly lower than those in DOCA group. Compared with control group, different degrees of myocardial tissue inflammation and monocyte/macrophage infiltration were observed in DOCA group and DOCA+IMA group. The expression levels of PDGF-A, PDGF-C and PDGFRα in DOCA group and DOCA+IMA group were much higher than those in control group, but the expression of p-PDGFRα in DOCA+IMA group were signficantly lower than that in DOCA group. CONCLUSION: Mineralocorticoid-induced myocardial fibrosis is related to cardiac tissue inflammatory response, excessive monocyte/macrophage infiltration and expressions of PDGF-A,PDGF-C and PDGFRα. Imatinib has an inhibitory effect on the myocardial fibrosis. The mechanisms may be associated with the inhibition of PDGFRα activity on the surface of fibroblast, thus interrupting PDGFs signaling-induced fibroblast division and proliferation.     

改进工艺提升民营橡胶产品质量

通过对西双版纳天然橡胶产品质量较低的原因分析,通过试验研究,提出改进工艺,规范生产,采用先进生产技术以提升橡胶产品质量的意见。