超声波辅助提取鱼脑磷脂的研究

以鲣鱼脑为原料,对鱼脑磷脂超声提取方法进行了研究.以磷脂提取率为评价指标,通过单因素和正交试验优化了鱼脑磷脂提取的条件.结果表明：以正己烷-乙醇（体积比2∶1）为提取溶剂,超声提取时间为40 min,超声温度为35℃,固液比为1∶9 （g∶ mL）,超声提取2次,在此条件下鱼脑磷脂的提取率达到氯仿-甲醇法的87.1％;通过薄层色谱分析,确定鲣鱼脑磷脂中含有磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰胆碱和神经鞘磷脂3种磷脂;用气相色谱法测定鲣鱼脑磷脂的脂肪酸组成,高不饱和脂肪酸中DHA和EPA的含量分别为21.1％和2.4％.研究表明,用超声法提取鱼脑磷脂具有可行性,鱼脑磷脂中含丰富的不饱和脂肪酸,在食品加工中具有一定的应用前景.     

林火干扰对土壤理化性质的影响

通过实地调查与实验室测定,分析林火干扰对昆明近郊云南省森林自然中心华山松和柏木人工林林地土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明,火烧后,华山松林下土壤密度比未过火区增加11.48％,土壤自然含水量、饱和持水量、毛管持水量、总孔隙度以及毛管孔隙度分别下降32.38％、16.21％、18.71％、9.94％、22.44％;柏木林地土壤密度比未过火区增加10.38％,自然含水量、饱和持水量、毛管持水量、总孔隙度以及毛管孔隙度分别下降23.55％、10.77％、23.22％、5.38％、12.91％。过火区华山松林下土壤pH、有效磷含量比未过火区分别增加5.81％、130.25％,全氮、全磷、全钾、水解氮和速效钾含量分别下降53.30％、28.30％、22.60％、39.74％、25.32％;过火区柏木林下土壤pH、有效磷含量比未过火区分别增加12.33％、176.34％,全氮、全磷、全钾、水解氮和速效钾含量分别减少了31.28％、31.25％、67.09％、40.66％、51.21％。火烧后林地土壤更加板结,土壤养分含量降低,不利于土壤肥力的改善。     

基于AFLP分子标记的不同类型野生桂花种群遗传结构分析

桂花Osmanthus fragrans具有极高的经济价值和观赏价值。研究野生桂花种群的遗传多样性有利于为新品种的选育以及野生桂花资源的保护提供重要的依据。利用扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)技术对江西全南(衰退型)和福建长汀(稳定型)这2个桂花自然种群96个个体进行了遗传多样性评估。7对引物组合共检测到330个清晰位点,其中多态位点276个,占83.64%。在物种水平,桂花的Shannon多态性信息指数(I)为0.428 3,Nei’s基因多样性(He)为0.285 6,表明桂花具有丰富的遗传多样性;在种群水平,福建长汀种群的多态性指数均高于江西全南种群,表明包含不同世代、具有较好自然更新能力的长汀种群携带更丰富的遗传信息;分子方差分析(AMOVA)表明:桂花的遗传变异主要存在于种群内(71%),种群间的遗传变异只占29%;2个种群间存在一定的遗传分化(Gst=0.161 6),种群间基因流较小(Nm=2.594 9)。     

基于ISSR分子标记技术的山核桃幼胚DNA甲基化初步研究

用简单序列重复区间扩增(inter-simple sequence repeat,ISSR)DNA分子标记技术对山核桃Carya cathayensis不同发育阶段幼胚(第9周至13周)的DNA进行甲基化状态检测。结果表明:17个引物在各个发育时期山核桃幼胚样品中共扩增检测到的128个甲基化位点。甲基化比例随着幼胚的发育逐渐升高,5个时期幼胚甲基化比例依次为23.44%,25.78%,28.90%,40.62%和42.19%。进一步研究表明:5个时期均存在全甲基化位点和半甲基化位点,其中,全甲基化位点所占比例分别为7.81%,8.59%,16.40%,24.22%和25.00%;半甲基化位点所占分别为15.62%,17.19%,12.50%,16.41%,17.19%。因此,山核桃幼胚5个发育时期在基因组DNA甲基化水平上存在着较大差异(P<0.01)。     

河流与开放空间耦合的城市绿地生态网络构建

随着我国城市化进程的加快,城市生态环境面临着越来越严峻的考验,为了促进城市的可持续发展,构建城市绿地生态网络、维护城市生态系统的稳定性成为众多领域研究的重点。河流作为城市绿地生态网络的核心空间结构,开放空间作为绿地生态网络的基础,二者关系的研究对构建城市绿地生态网络具有重要意义。在研究河流与开放空间耦合关系的基础上,结合对城市绿地生态网络含义、功能机制、评价指标的分析,以南阳市为例,提出河流与开放空间耦合的城市绿地生态网络构建方法。     

中西方传统婚礼服饰文化相互借鉴之研究

随着中西方文化交流的日益加强,中西方传统的婚礼服饰文化在保留本国特色的同时也逐渐在相互借鉴.本文通过对中国的汉族传统婚礼服饰与西方国家婚礼服饰及文化背景进行对比研究,探讨中西方婚礼服饰文化相互借鉴对双方的影响.     

Effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice

AIM:To study the protective effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSP) on nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin (CP) in mice. METHODS:Male C57 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (N group, n=10), CP group (intraperitoneal injection of CP at dose of 20 mg/kg, n=20), GSP group (intragastric administration of GSP at dose of 500 mg/kg, n=15) and CP+GSP group (intragastric administration of GSP 30 min prior to intraperitoneal injection of CP and intragastric administration of the same dose of GSP 72 h later, n=20). On the 5th day after CP treatment, blood and kidney samples were collected. The renal pathological changes were examined by HE staining. The protein expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) was examined by Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS:Renal index, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were significantly higher in CP group than those in N group. The renal tissues were heavily damaged in CP group. The protein expression of GRP78 and p-ERK increased in CP group compared with N group. GSP treatment alleviated the increase in the renal index, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. The damages of the renal tissues were attenuated. The protein expression of GRP78 and p-ERK was obviously reduced in CP+GSP group compared with CP group. CONCLUSION:GSP prevents kidney from CP-induced damage by suppression of endoplasmic reticulum stress.     

Strontium renelate promotes osteogenesis via regulation of Sonic hedgehog signaling molecules in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

AIM：To study the role of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) in strontium ranelate (Sr)-induced osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). METHODS：BMSCs was isolated from 4-week-old rats by adherent culture. The cells in the 3rd～5th generations were induced to differentiate into obteoblasts, and then were treated with different concentrations of Sr and cyclopamine (Cy). The activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was mea-sured by colorimetry. Mineralized nodules were observed by alizarin red staining. The cellular Shh and Runx2 expression was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS：Sr at concentration of 3 mmol/L increased the activity of ALP and induced the formation of mineralized nodules. Sr at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 5 mmol/L increased the expression of Shh and Runx2 in the BMSCs at 7 d. Furthermore, the peak expression of Shh occurred following the exposure of Sr (1 mmol/L) or Runx2 (3 mmol/L). On the other hand, Sr at concentration of 1 mmol/L showed a time-dependent increase in the expression of Shh and Runx2 from 1 d to 7 d. Cy at concentration of 10 μmmol/L not only obviously inhibited Sr-induced expression of Shh and Runx2, but also antagonized the increase in the ALP activity and mineralization induced by Sr in the BMSCs. CONCLUSION：Sr promotes osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by increasing the expression of Shh and Runx2.     

地理标志产品“马家沟芹菜”品牌的形成与发展

“马家沟芹菜”作为蔬菜类地理标志农产品的典型代表,经过多年的培育,已经成为我国知名的品牌。本文从“马家沟芹菜”的历史形成、品牌培育以及发展和保护等方面进行系统阐述。     

不同喷灌灌水上限对小白菜生长、品质的影响

研究了喷灌和大棚条件下小白菜不同土壤含水量(分别为田间持水量的60%~100%、60%~90%、60%~80%、60%~70%)处理对小白菜生长、品质的影响。结果表明,以田间持水量的90%、100%作为灌水量上限条件下小白菜地上部干鲜质量、叶面积、叶片数均最高。小白菜可溶性糖含量以田间持水量90%和80%上限处理最高,可溶性蛋白含量以田间持水量100%上限处理最高,90%及80%上限处理其次,维生素C含量以田间持水量90%处理最高。小白菜喷灌指标以田间持水量90%作为上限(下限60%)最合适。