Evaluation of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of antibodies to the Apx toxins of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

The reference strains of the 12 serotypes of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae express one or two of three different RTX exotoxins designated Apx I, Apx II and Apx III. The toxins are important virulence factors. In the present study, ELISAs with purified Apx I, Apx II and Apx III, respectively, as antigen were evaluated as candidates for serological diagnosis of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection in pigs. The pigs were inoculated with biotype 1, serotypes 1-12, and biotype 2, serotype 14, respectively. A strong humoral antibody response was seen to all the three antigens in most pigs irrespective of the serotype used for inoculation. However, titers to the exotoxins secreted by the serotype used for inoculation were generally highest. The results show that toxin proteins of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae are antigenically related and that a correlation between serotype and secretion of exotoxin is not revealed serologically in the ELISA test.     

封育年限对伊犁绢蒿荒漠土壤有机氮组分的影响

为探究荒漠土壤有机氮组分对封育年限的响应规律,研究了不同封育年限(封育时间为0、1、4和11a)对中度退化伊犁绢蒿(Seriphidium transiliense)荒漠草地土壤全氮(total nitrogen,TN)、轻组氮(light fraction organic nitrogen,LFON)、颗粒氮(particulate organic nitrogen,PON)、微生物量氮(soil microbial biomass nitrogen,SMBN)及其分配比例的影响。结果表明,与封育0a相比,其它封育年限5-10、10-20、30-50cm土层的TN含量均显著降低(P0.05),且0-50cm土层TN含量随封育年限延长呈"降-升"趋势;封育11a,0-5cm土层PON含量达到最高,而封育4a,5-10和20-30cm土层PON分配比例显著增加;0-20cm土层LFON含量增加显著,且0-5cm土层含量最高。0-50cm土层SMBN随封育年限增加呈"降-升"趋势,而封育4a,5-10和20-30cm土层SMBN分配比例显著高于封育0a和封育1a(P0.05);0-10cm土层LFON和0-50cm土层LFONR与封育年限呈显著正相关。总之,短期封育(1~11a)下,中度退化伊犁绢蒿荒漠土壤全氮含量仍未得到恢复,但促进了LFON、PON、SMBN及其分配比例的增加。     

Feeding 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan during the transition from pregnancy to lactation increases calcium mobilization from bone in rats

An increasing demand for calcium during pregnancy and lactation can result in both clinical and subclinical hypocalcemia during the early lactation period in several mammalian species, in particular the dairy cow. Serotonin (5-HT) was recently identified as a regulator of lactation and bone turnover. The purpose of this study was to determine whether supplementation of the maternal diet with a 5-HT precursor would increase maternal bone turnover and calcium mobilization to maintain appropriate circulating maternal concentrations of ionized calcium during lactation. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 30) were fed either a control diet (n = 15) or a diet supplemented with the 5-HT precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP, 0.2%; n = 15) from day 13 of pregnancy through day 9 of lactation. Maternal serum and plasma (day 1 and day 9 of lactation), milk and pup weight (daily), mammary gland and bone tissue (day 9 of lactation) were collected for analysis. The 5-HTP diet elevated circulating maternal concentrations of 5-HT on day 1 and day 9 of lactation and parathyroid hormone related-protein (PTHrP) on day 9 of lactation (P < 0.033). In addition, 5-HTP supplementation increased total serum calcium concentrations on day 1 of lactation and total milk calcium concentration on day 9 of lactation (P < 0.032). Supplemental 5-HTP did not alter milk yield, maternal body weight, mammary gland structure, or pup litter weights (P > 0.05). Supplemental 5-HTP also resulted in increased concentrations of mammary 5-HT and PTHrP, as well as increased mRNA expression of rate-limiting enzyme in 5-HT synthesis, tryptophan hydroxylase 1, and Pthrp mRNA on day 9 of lactation (P < 0.028). In addition, supplementation of 5-HTP resulted in increased mRNA expression of maternal mammary calcium transporters and resorption of bone in the femur, indicated by increase osteoclast number and diameter as well as mRNA expression of classical markers of bone resorption on day 9 of lactation (P < 0.048). These results show that increasing 5-HT biosynthesis during the transition from pregnancy to lactation could be a potential therapeutic target to explore for prevention of subclinical and clinical hypocalcemia.     

天祝县气候变化对畜牧业可持续发展的影响及对策

用多年系统观测的气象资料分析了天祝县年、季、月气候变化对畜牧业的影响，认为气候变化是制约天祝草地畜牧业发展的主要因素，针对气候变化的制约条件提出了草地可持续发展对策；改良退化草场，科学合理利用草场；发展季节畜牧业，建立农区牲畜育肥基地；加强畜牧业基础设施建设，提高防灾减灾能力；加强草的水利建设，科学灌溉草场；适地、适草、适畜，发挥不同类型草场区域优势，开展集约经营。     

人地协调视角下农村居民点利用质量评价与提升策略

农村居民点高质量利用是乡村振兴的一种具体表现,综合开展农村居民点质量评价、全面改善质量障碍要素是科学编制村庄规划和优化农村要素配置的基础。该研究以北京市平谷区为例,从土地集约利用和人居环境品质相互协调的视角界定农村居民点利用质量内涵并构建评价体系,综合运用熵权-TOPSIS法、变异系数修正的弹性系数法和障碍度诊断模型,对农村居民点利用质量进行评价并提出相应的提升策略。结果表明：1）平谷区农村居民点土地集约利用水平中等偏高,人居环境品质和农村居民点利用综合质量则中等偏低。2）平谷区农村居民点类型表现为中等质量主导、高质量次之、低质量偏少,对应着从脱钩F弱型、脱钩T弱型、正向挂钩F强型、负向挂钩F弱型、正向挂钩T强型、负向挂钩T弱型、正向挂钩T-F同强型、负向挂钩T-F同弱型的村庄数量依次降低。3）平谷区农村居民点高质量利用的障碍要素主要体现在规模强度、空间布局、生活环境和生产环境4个维度,从高质量到低质量利用类型,障碍因素数量增多、作用程度逐渐增大。4）平谷区应充分发挥生态环境优势,在\     

基于MaxEnt模型预测漆树在中国的潜在适生区研究

基于漆树的206条现代地理分布记录和9种环境因子变量数据,采用MaxEnt模型模拟了漆树在中国的适生分布区,并综合利用贡献率、刀切法检验和响应曲线对影响漆树分布的主导因子进行分析。结果表明：MaxEnt模型模拟预测精度较高,AUC值达0.941;年均降水量、海拔、年平均温度和温度变化方差为影响漆树地理分布的主导环境因子,目前漆树适生区主要集中在中国西南地区的秦巴山、横断山脉、云贵高原和四川盆地等。研究结果对中国漆树人工林的合理栽植和科学区划具有一定的参考价值。     

Estimated Breeding Value in Iranian Buffaloes

This study was conducted from 1992-2002 on 65,534 individual milk records and fat percentage in 473 herds, in six provinces of Khuzestan, Mazndaran, W. Azerbaijan, E. Azerbaijan, Ardabil and Gilan. The data was analyzed by SAS sotfware using GLM procedure. The heritability and breeding value of 1,195 animals were calculated by DFRML procedure. The average milk yield per lactation, days of lactation, fat percentage and LSM of fat percentage were 1,513 kg, 202 days, 5.04 and 6.77, respectively. The estimated heritability of milk was 0.16. The LSM of average milk production in the provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran, E. Azerbaijan, W. Azerbaijan, Khuzestan and Ardabil were： 1,452, 1,586, 1,382, 1,183, 2,135 and 1,189 kg, respectively. These results indicated that Khuzestan province has the highest potential in the field of milk production. The top five highest breeding value bulls have been introduced to artificial insemination＇s station in the city of Uremia.