Utilization of fruit by-products for organic reducing agent in indigo dyeing

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of banana peel extract as a possible substitute for the environmentally unfavorable sodium dithionite in cellulosic fiber dyeing with indigo. Antioxidant activity and total sugar content of the banana peel extract were measured. Composition of the extract was investigated by GC/MS analysis. Its reducing power for synthetic indigo was evaluated by reduction potential measurements and dyeing tests. It was shown that the studied extract could be applied successfully in the reduction of indigo in spite of their lower reducing power when compared with that of sodium dithionite. In dyeing study, sodium dithionite showed its superiority in term of reducing power over the studied extract but the studied extract was superior stability of reduction to sodium dithionite. So, it can be concluded that banana peel extract could be a biodegradable and sustainable alternative to sodium dithionite as a reducing agent in indigo dyeing processes.     

Evaluation of cross-protection against three topotypes of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus in pigs vaccinated with multi-epitope protein vaccine incorporated with poly(I:C)

Epitope-based vaccines are always questioned for their cross-protection against the antigenically variable foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). In this study, we proved the cross-protection effect of a multi-epitope vaccine incorporated with poly(I:C) against three topotypes of O type FMDV. A total of 45 naïve pigs were vaccinated with different doses of multi-epitope protein vaccine incorporated with poly(I:C). At 28 days post-vaccination, 45 vaccinated and 6 unvaccinated control pigs (two pigs for each group) were challenged with three topotypes of virulent O type FMDV, namely, O/Mya/98 (Southeast Asia topotype), O/HN/CHA/93 (Cathay topotype) and O/Tibet/CHA/99 (PanAsia topotype) strains. All unvaccinated pigs developed generalised FMD clinical signs. Results showed that all pigs (n = 15) conferred complete protection against the O/Mya/98 and O/HN/CHA/93 FMDV strains, 11 of which were protected against the O/Tibet/CHA/99 FMDV strain. The 50% protective dose values of the vaccine against the O/Mya/98, O/HN/CHA/93 and O/Tibet/CHA/99 FMDV strains were 15.59, 15.59 and 7.05, respectively. Contact challenge experiment showed that transmission occurred from the donors to the unvaccinated but not to vaccinated pigs. These results showed that vaccination with multi-epitope protein vaccine incorporated with poly(I:C) can efficiently prevent FMD in pigs.     

油菜高光效种质综合鉴选指标体系与方法

高光效种质是开展作物高光效育种的基础。在剖析油菜高光效种质筛选要求、面临困难、研究缺陷的基础上,针对油菜超高产育种目标和生产实际需求,构建出油菜高光效的综合筛选指标体系和方法,对油菜种质进行数量化综合评价,并开展定向选育和杂交改良。在实际应用中取得良好效果,获得一批油菜高光效种质,为利用“高光效+杂种优势”途径开展油菜高光效育种奠定了物质基础。     

草果AtNCED基因克隆、表达和植物表达载体构建

9-顺式环氧类胡萝卜素双加氧酶(9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase, NCED)是ABA生物合成的限速酶。诸多研究表明NCED基因表达量的变化与ABA含量显著相关,在种子休眠过程中发挥重要作用。为探究草果AtNCED基因的序列特征和功能,本研究以草果(Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemarie)种子转录组为基础,采用RT-PCR技术克隆了一个AtNCED基因。该基因全长2 372 bp,包含一个1 830 bp的开放阅读框(open reading frame, ORF),编码610个氨基酸。生物信息学分析显示,AtNCED基因编码的蛋白在N-末端包含典型的叶绿体转运肽序列,在催化结构域含有4个高度保守的组氨酸残基。AtNCED蛋白与芭蕉科马来西亚蕉同源性较高,与其他单子叶植物处在同一进化分支。实时荧光定量PCR分析结果表明,AtNCED基因表达量随着层积时间的增加逐渐下降,该基因可能正向调控种子休眠,在草果种子休眠诱导与维持中发挥重要作用。进一步地,利用同源重组方法,成功构建了pBI121-AtNCED过表达载体,并转化至农杆菌EHA105。该研究结果为弄清ABA激素信号在种子休眠中的调控作用提供了帮助。     

中华绒螯蟹FAD6-b基因的全长克隆及原核表达分析

根据已登录的中华绒螯蟹一种Δ6去饱和酶基因(Accession Number:JX946434)及菁夜蛾去饱和酶基因(Accession Number:KJ622055.1)的保守区设计引物,通过逆转录PCR以及RACE技术克隆了中华绒螯蟹另一种Δ6去饱和酶基因FAD6-b的全长序列。经序列分析,中华绒螯蟹FAD6-b cDNA全长为2 310 bp,其中开放阅读框(ORF)为1 326 bp,共编码442个氨基酸(Accession Number:KP876058),理论分子量为50.86 ku,理论等电点为8.47,FAD6-b基因的氨基酸序列与已公布的一条中华绒螯蟹Δ6去饱和酶基因的一致性为76%。原核表达载体构建及其表达实验表明,中华绒螯蟹FAD6-b基因成功重组到原核表达载体pCold-TF DNA中,重组质粒pCold TF-fad6b在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)pLysS中进行表达,经SDS-PAGE电泳分析表明,IPTG诱导后的重组菌出现了单一的蛋白条带,且大小与预期(105.86 ku)一致,可溶性分析显示目的蛋白主要存在于蛋白上清液中。对重组蛋白进行纯化,蛋白纯化液经电泳检测后显示出特异性单一条带,进一步证明了pCold TF-fad6b的成功构建和表达。目的蛋白经Western-blotting检测,结果表明获得的重组蛋白与6×His抗体进行了特异性结合,显示出良好的免疫学活性。     

冬季猪场污水处理设施温室气体排放测试

为研究畜禽废弃物处理过程中温室气体泄漏与排放状况，该文利用静态箱对北京市北郎中猪场的污水处理单元进行了温室气体泄漏与排放测试。测试结果表明：厌氧消化罐泄漏造成的温室气体通量为5823.19 mg·m^-2·h^-1 CO₂当量，一、二级氧化塘其CO₂当量的温室气体通量分别为607.75、8.61mg·m^-2·h^-1；由于污水以厌氧处理为主，各处理单元冬季的氧化亚氮排放很低，几乎可以忽略不计。     

青刺尖种籽油抗缺氧生理活性的研究

青刺尖（Prinsepia utilis Royle)为蔷薇科植物,主要分布在西南地区海拔2300m至3200m山区,其种籽可榨取食用油,味香,口感好,当地人自古有采种,榨油,食用和护发等的传统,研究表明,青刺尖种籽油灌胃小鼠30d,对实验小鼠的体重无显著影响。处理组与对照组比较,在常压抗氧试验,NaNO2中毒存活试验和急性脑缺血性氧试验中,其抗缺氧时间,存活时间有显著的差异,此表明青刺尖油具有提高小鼠缺氧耐力的作用。     

基于姿态与时序特征的猪只行为识别方法

生猪行为监测是生猪养殖管理过程中的一个重要环节。该研究提出了基于姿态与时序特征的猪只行为识别方法。首先采集和标注猪栏内猪只图像,分别构建了猪只目标检测数据集、猪只关键点数据集和猪只行为识别数据集;利用构建的数据集,分别训练了基于YOLOv5s的猪只检测模型、基于轻量化OpenPose算法的猪只姿态估计模型和基于ST-GCN算法的猪只行为识别模型,并搭建了猪只行为识别系统。经测试,文中训练的YOLOv5s猪只检测模型mAP（mean Average Precision）最高达到0.995,姿态估计模型平均精度和平均召回率达到93%以上,基于ST-GCN的猪只行为识别模型的平均准确率为86.67%。文中构建的猪只行为识别系统中基于LibTorch推理猪只检测模型和猪只姿态估计模型的单帧推理耗时分别约为14和65 ms,单只猪行为识别推理耗时约为8 ms,每提取200帧连续姿态进行一次行为识别推理,平均17 s更新一次行为识别结果。证明提出的基于姿态与时序特征的猪只行为识别方法具有一定可行性,为群养猪场景下的猪只行为识别提供了思路。     

韩城市欧李新品系引进试验

从山西农业大学等地引进农大3号、农大5号、农大6号、当地野生种等4个欧李品系进行引种栽培试验,利用常规方法和RHIZO2007d根叶分析仪及DPS软件测定、分析了不同品系分枝、生物量、根系等特征,结果表明,栽植当年农大3号平均单株分枝数最大达4.5枝,农大5号分枝数3.8枝,实生(野生)苗Ⅱ平均分枝数最少仅1.5枝;各种欧李品系的平均单株生物量由大到小为农大5号(49.136g)实生苗Ⅰ(45.642g)农大3号(17.935g)实生(野生)苗Ⅱ(12.413g),野生实生苗长势最弱;农大5号根系最长(5 220.38cm)、表面积(963.70cm2)和体积(72.41cm3)最大;毛细根是欧李根系的主要组成部分,直径小于1.0mm根占70%以上。栽植欧李经济型水土保持防护林应首先选用农大5号品系。     

双辊秸秆还田旋耕机试验

阐述了粉碎刀辊正转、旋耕刀辊反转的双辊秸秆还田机结构特点和作业机理.基于土槽试验台设计了室内旋耕耕作部件试验装置.室内试验结果表明,双辊作业模式具有良好的植被性能和相对较低功耗,其应用于双辊秸秆还田旋耕机是可行的.研制了双辊秸秆还田旋耕机并进行了玉米秸秆还田性能试验,试验结果表明双辊秸秆还田旋耕机可一次完成直立玉米秸秆还田、旋耕碎土等联合作业,秸秆粉碎合格率、根茬破碎率、植被覆盖率、碎土率等可达90％以上.