长期施肥模式对双季水稻生理特性与产量的影响

为探明双季稻区不同施肥模式下双季水稻生理特性及产量的变化,本研究依托设置在湖南宁乡的长期大田定位试验,自1986年—至今,共设化肥(MF)、秸秆还田+化肥(RF)、30%有机肥(LOM)、60%有机肥(HOM)和无肥对照(CK)5种施肥处理,于2015—2016年取样,系统分析不同处理双季水稻植株叶片保护性酶活性、光合特性及产量的变化。结果表明,施肥条件下,早、晚稻各生育时期叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性提高,丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸(Pro)含量降低,叶片净光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr)大小顺序分别表现为LOMHOMRFMFCK和RFLOMHOMMFCK;叶片气孔导度(Gs)均表现为HOMLOMRF MFCK。2个年份的早稻产量均以LOM和HOM处理为最高,分别比CK处理增加3 582.5~3 650.0kg/hm~2和2 569.5~2 641.5kg/hm~2;晚稻产量均以RF和LOM处理为最高,分别比CK处理增加2 480.0~2 757.5kg/hm~2和2 827.5~3 118.5kg/hm~2。总的来说,有机肥与化肥配合施用有利于提高双季水稻叶片保护性酶活性和光合特性。     

生物炭对菜园土化学肥力的影响（英文）

[目的]探讨生物炭对菜园土化学肥力的影响。[方法]采用盆栽试验,研究菜园土添加生物炭后土壤pH、有机质、有效氮、速效钾、有效磷、水溶性磷、交换性Ca、Mg等养分含量的变化。试验设置5个处理,分别为对照CK（不施生物炭）、T1（0.10%生物炭）、T2（0.25%生物炭）、T3（0.50%生物炭）、T4（1.00%生物炭）。[结果]不同处理的土壤pH、有机质、速效钾含量均随生物炭施用量的增多而显著增加,表现为T4〉T3〉T2〉T1〉CK;土壤有效磷和水溶性磷含量则呈现先增加后降低的趋势,均表现为T3最高,CK最低;有效氮和交换性Mg无显著性变化;与不施生物炭对照相比,适量添加生物炭后土壤的交换性Ca含量显著增加。[结论]生物炭能够显著提高菜园土化学肥力和化学性状,并且在T3（0.50%生物炭）施用条件下效果最佳。     

Immunolocalization of steroidogenic enzymes in the corpus luteum and placenta of the Japanese Shiba goat

In this study, we performed immunohistochemistry of cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450 (P450scc), 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3betaHSD), cytochrome 17alpha-hydroxylase P450 (P450c17), and cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom) in the corpus luteum and placenta of Shiba goats. The aim was to clarify the steroidogenic capability of the corpus luteum and placenta of Shiba goats. Ovaries containing corpora lutea were obtained from four adult Shiba goats during the luteal phase (day10; n=2) and pregnancy (90 and 120 days of gestation). Placenta was obtained from one Shiba goat on day 120 of gestation. The sections of the ovaries and placentae were immunostained using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method (ABC) with polyclonal antibodies generated against steroidogenic enzymes of mammalian origin. All luteal cells expressed P450scc, 3betaHSD, P450c17 and P450arom. The distribution of P450scc, 3betaHSD, P450c17 and P450arom were not different during the luteal phase and pregnancy. P450arom showed a weak positive staining in late pregnancy (120 days). In addition, immunoreactions for P450c17 and P450arom were observed in syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta of one Shiba goat. These results indicate that, in Shiba goats, corpus luteum is not only an important source of progesterone but also has the ability to synthesize androgen and estrogen during the luteal phase and pregnancy. Also the placenta has the ability to synthesize androgen and estrogen in late pregnancy.     

The influence of barley malt protein modification on beer foam stability and their relationship to the barley dimeric alpha-amylase inhibitor-I (BDAI-I) as a possible foam-promoting protein

The foam stability of beer is one of the important key factors in evaluating the quality of beer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the level of malt modification (degradation of protein, starch, and so on) and the beer foam stability. This was achieved by examining foam-promoting proteins using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). We found that the foam stability of beer samples brewed from the barley malts of cultivars B and C decreased as the level of malt modification increased; however, the foam stability of cultivar A did not change. To identify the property providing the increased foam stability of cultivar A, we analyzed beer proteins using 2DE. We analyzed three fractions that could contain beer foam-promoting proteins, namely, beer whole proteins, salt-precipitated proteins, and the proteins concentrated from beer foam. As a result, we found that in cultivar A, some protein spots did not change in any of these three protein fractions even when the level of malt modification increased, although the corresponding protein spots in cultivars B and C decreased. We analyzed these protein spots by peptide mass finger printing using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. As a result, all of these spots were identified as barley dimeric alpha-amylase inhibitor-I (BDAI-I). These results suggest that BDAI-I is an important contributor to beer foam stability.     

Effects of Garcinia cambogia extract on serum sex hormones in overweight subjects

(-) Hydroxycitric acid (HCA), an active ingredient extracted from the Garcinia cambogia fruit rind, has been commonly used as a dietary supplement for weight management. Given the controversy over HCA related testicular toxicity in animal studies, we investigated changes in serum sex hormones levels as an extension of our previous double-blind placebo-controlled trial in human subjects, in which 44 participants received either G. cambogia extract (1667.3 mg/day equivalent to 1000 mg HCA/day) or placebo for 12 weeks. Compared to the placebo group, administration of the extract did not significantly alter the serum testosterone, estrone, and estradiol levels. Similarly, hematology, serum triacylglycerol and serum clinical pathology parameters did not reveal any significant adverse effects. The results of this preliminary investigation indicate that ingestion of G. cambogia extract at dose levels commonly recommended for human use does not affect serum sex hormone levels and blood parameters.     

黄鹤楼品牌导向型烤烟新品种(系)筛选试验

为了满足黄鹤楼品牌需求,在南雄市基地对6个自育和外引烤烟品种(K326、NX232、KRK26、NC297、粤烟97和华烟06)的关键指标进行统计分析。综合性状结果表明:传统品种K326表现最差,当前基地主栽品种粤烟97最优,NX232和华烟06则表现出了较大的潜质,其他品种性状一般。     

施氮对不同栽培模式旱地土壤有机碳氮和供氮能力的影响

【目的】研究不同栽培模式下,施氮量对西北旱地土壤有机碳氮累积及供氮能力的影响。【方法】通过5年(2002-2007年)定位大田试验,以不施氮为对照,比较不同施氮量(120,240kg/hm2)对常规、覆草和覆膜3种栽培模式土壤有机碳氮累积和供氮能力的影响。【结果】施氮0,120,240kg/hm2时,覆草栽培土壤有机碳含量分别为9.74,9.57,9.19g/kg,全氮含量为0.99,1.02,1.03g/kg,土壤氮素矿化势为25.0,26.7,29.7mg/kg,矿化速率常数为0.053,0.062,0.056/d;覆膜栽培土壤有机碳含量分别为9.82,8.78,9.80g/kg,全氮含量为0.98,0.98,0.95g/kg,土壤氮素矿化势为23.2,25.8,24.1mg/kg,矿化速率常数为0.058,0.061,0.072/d;常规栽培土壤有机碳含量分别为9.79,9.93,9.20g/kg,全氮含量为0.93,0.99,0.96g/kg,土壤氮素矿化势为23.2,26.2,25.7mg/kg,矿化速率常数为0.057,0.061,0.063/d。【结论】施氮能提高3个栽培模式土壤的供氮能力,促进土壤氮素的矿化。适量氮肥能够提高常规模式土壤的有机碳含量,但会降低覆草和覆膜土壤的有机碳含量,故在采用地表覆盖模式栽培时需配施有机肥。     

水稻维生素C合成相关基因的表达分析

根据拟南芥中参和维生素C合成和代谢关键酶的氨基酸序列,经在公共数据库中搜索比对获得了水稻中参与维生素C合成相关基因的信息.在此基础上,利用实时定量PCR技术对这些基因在水稻不同组织器官以及发育种子中的表达进行分析.结果表明:水稻维生素C合成相关基因在叶中的表达量最高,其次是叶鞘和籽粒,茎和根中的表达量最低,而幼嫩叶片中...     

Ontogeny of testicular inhibin and activin in ducks: An immunocytochemical analysis

The ontogeny of testicular inhibin/activin in ducks was investigated. Testicular localization of three inhibin/activin subunits (α, β_A and β_B) was determined in embryonic and newly hatched ducks from 12 days of incubation to 1 day of age, in immature ducks and in adult ducks. In the duck embryonic testis, positive α‐subunit immunostaining was first detected in the Leydig cells and Sertoli cells on day 15 of incubation, whereas β_A‐subunit and β_B‐subunit immunostaining were found in Sertoli cells and primary germ cells on day 18 of incubation. In 1 month old ducks, intense staining of α‐subunit was present in the seminiferous epithelium consistent with localization in Sertoli cells and primary germ cells, and the immunostaining of the β_A‐ and β_B‐subunit was also present in Sertoli cells and primary germ cells. Specific immunostaining with inhibin/activin α‐, β_A‐ and β_B‐subunits antisera occurred in Sertoli cells in the adult duck testes. In conclusion, it was shown that, in the duck testis, the majority of α‐, β_A‐ and β_B‐subunits are colocalized in Sertoli cells with a certain degree of staining in germ cells and the α‐subunit is present in Leydig cells of embryonic testes before day 18 of incubation. These results indicate that Sertoli cells and possibly germ cells in the embryonic testes of late stage of incubation and newly hatched ducks, immature ducks and mature ducks may produce bioactive inhibin dimers, inhibin A and inhibin B, as a possible regulator of follicle‐stimulating hormone secretion. Free inhibin/activin subunits and their dimers may also play an autocrine/paracrine role in the development of the testis and spermatogenesis. Furthermore, early onset of the α‐subunit in duck testes indicates that it may have an autocrine/paracrine effect on steroid hormones, which is important for sex differentiation.